• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

The objective of this research is to evaluate of seismic performance for reinforced concrete bridge piers with lap splices of longitudinal reinforcement steels using predicting of nonlinear hysteric behavior. For the purpose, enhanced analytical trilinear hystretic model has been proposed to simulate the force-displacement hysteretic curve of RC bridge piers under repeated reversal loads. The moment capacity and corresponding curvature in the plastic hinge have been determined, and the enhanced hysteretic behavior model by five different kinds of branches has been proposed for modeling the stiffness variation of RC section under cyclic loading. The strength and stiffness degradation index are introduced to compute the hysteretic curve for various confinement steel ratios, In addition, the modified curvature factor has been introduced to forecast of seismic performance of longitudinal steel lap spliced and retrofitted specimens. The results of this research will be useful to predict of seismic performance for longitudinal steel with lap spliced and its retrofitted specimens.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.295-302
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• 2002

This paper introduces a method to determine strut-tie models in reinforced concrete (RC) structures using the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO). Even though strut-tie models are broadly adapted in design of reinforced concrete members subjected to shear and torsion, conventional methods can hardly give correct models in RC members subjected to complex loadings and geometry conditions. In this paper, the basic idea of the ESO method is used to determine more rational strut-tie models. Since an optimum topology of structures, finally obtained by the ESO method, usually represents a truss-like structure, the ESO method can effectively be used in finding the best strut-tie model in RC structures. Several example structures are provided to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in finding the best strut-tie model of each RC structure and to verify its efficiency in application to real design problems.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2003

최근 들어 물리 화학적 침해로 인한 RC 구조물의 열화에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 실정이다. RC 구조물의 성능을 저하시키는 여러 가지 요인 중에서 특히 염소이온 침투로 인한 콘크리트내의 철근 부식이 가장 심각한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트내의 염소이온 침투에 대한 수학적 모델을 제안하였다. 기존의 모델을 개선하기 위해 콘크리트 내부로 염소이온 침투에 대한 모델을 염수의 침투와 공극수를 통한 염소이온 확산항으로 구성하였다. 또한, 수화도, 상대습도, 온도, 염소이온 구속도에 따른 확산계수의 변동성을 염소이온 침투 모델에 고려하였다. 제안한 모델의 검증을 위하여 염소이온 침투 현상 해석 프로그램인 Life-365와의 해석 결과와 비교하였으며, 다양한 예제의 해석 결과를 비교 분석함으로써 염소이온 침투현상에 미치는 주요 인자의 영향과 제안된 모델의 적용성을 검토하였다. 향후 제안한 염소이온 침투 모델을 적용하여 RC 구조물의 사용수명 혹은 잔존수명을 예측하여 이를 RC 구조물의 내구성 설계와 유지관리에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2019

In the present paper, the fiber theory has been employed to model the reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams (DBs) considering the reinforcing steel bar-concrete interaction. To simulate numerically the behavior of materials, the uniaxial materials' constitutive laws have been employed for reinforcements and concrete and the bond stress-slip between the reinforcing steel bars and surrounding concrete are taken into account. Because of the high sensitivity of DBs to shear deformations, the Timoshenko beam theory has been applied. The shear stress-strain (S-SS) relationship has been defined by the modified compression field theory (MCFT) model. By modeling about 300 RC panels and employing a produced numerical database, a study has been carried out to show the sensitivity of the MCFT model. This is performed based on the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The results of this research also illustrate how different parameters such as characteristic compressive strength of concrete, yield strength of reinforcements and the percentages of reinforcements in different directions get involved in the shear behavior of RC panels without applying complex theories. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of the MCFT S-SS model, a relatively simplified numerical S-SS model has been proposed. Application of the proposed S-SS model in modeling and analyzing the considered samples indicates that there is a good agreement between the simulated and the experimental test results. The comparison between the proposed S-SS model and the MCFT model indicates that in addition to the advantage of better accuracy, the main advantage of the proposed method is simplicity in application.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2004

철근콘크리트(RC)의 경우 철근과 콘크리트의 부착특성에 의한 균열의 제어로 균열 후의 재료모델은 무근콘크리트(PL)와 다르다. 수평력을 받는 RC 기둥의 비선형 거동특성을 기둥의 단면을 영역화(RC영역과 PL영역)하여 각기 다른 재료모델을 적용하여 3차원 해석으로 모사였다. 파괴시 면외방향으로의 전단변형률은 비균일성을 나타내면서 진전되고 이러한 경향은 면외방향으로의 두께가 클수록 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 변형률의 분포특성을 고려하지 않는다면 2차원 해석에서는 기둥의 내하력과 변위성능을 과다하게 예측하게 된다. 인장과 전단모델에서 적절한 등가 경화계수를 도입함으로써 2차원 해석에서도 3차원 해석과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.389-408
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• 2022

Residual capacity is defined as the load carrying capacity of an RC column after undergoing severe damage. Evaluation of residual capacity of RC columns is necessary to avoid damage initiation in RC structures. The central aspect of the current research is to propose an empirical formula to estimate the residual capacity of RC columns after undergoing severe damage. This formula facilitates decision making of whether a replacement or a repair of the damaged column is adequate for further use. Available literature mainly focused on the simulation of explosion loads by using simplified pressure time histories to develop residual capacity of RC columns and rarely simulated the actual explosive. Therefore, there is a gap in the literature concerning general relation between blast damage of columns with different explosive loading conditions for a reliable and quick evaluation of column behavior subjected to blast loading. In this paper, the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique is implemented to simulate high fidelity blast pressure propagations. LS-DYNA software is utilized to solve the finite element (FE) model. The FE model is validated against the practical blast tests, and outcomes are in good agreement with test results. Multivariate linear regression (MLR) method is utilized to derive an analytical formula. The analytical formula predicts the residual capacity of RC columns as functions of structural element parameters. Based on intensive numerical simulation data, it is found that column depth, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, concrete strength and column width have significant effects on the residual axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete column under blast loads. Increasing column depth and longitudinal reinforcement ratio that provides better confinement to concrete are very effective in the residual capacity of RC column subjected to blast loads. Data obtained with this study can broaden the knowledge of structural response to blast and improve FE models to simulate the blast performance of concrete structures.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1254-1256
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• 2001

This paper composes the Electric Railway System with the common grounding based on the 5-port network model. We compare the magnification ratio of harmonic currents according to locations of RC bank(i.e s/s. sp, and pp). It takes a lot of costs to equip the RC-bank at all location. And it is NOT effective that RC-bank is equipped at S/S. Finally, this paper proposes SP as the optimal site of RC-bank aspect reducing harmonic.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.357-362
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• 2000

This Paper presents dynamic analysis of underground R/C Subway Structure, subjected to seismic actions. Earthquakes brought serious damage to RC subway Structure. Foe studying the collapse mechanism of underground RC Subway, seismic of a subway station is simulated in using FEM program ASP2000 of two-dimension based on the path dependent RC elastic model, soil foundation and interfacial models. The shear failure of intermediate vertical columns is founds to be the major cause of the structural collapse. According to FEM simulation of the failure mechanism, it is considered that the RC column would lose axial load carrying capacity after the occurrence of the localized diagonal shear cracks , and sudden failure of the outer frame would be followed. Specially, the shear stress in the middle slab reaches maximum shear capacity. So, the Structure would fail in the middle slab as a result of erasing the vertical ground motion computation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of Rhizoma Cimicifugae (RC) on the induction of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: We examined whether RC have an antipyretic effect by inhibition of COX and/or NOS in fever that is evoked by an intraperitoneal injection of LPS in rats. Results: 1. RC inhibited NO metabolites produced by activated murine macrophage in a dose-dependent manner. 2. RC had an antipyretic effect in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-induced fever. 3. RC inhibited levels of both COX-2 protein and iNOS protein increased by the treatment of LPS in brain tissues as well as brain blood vessels. 4. There were no changes in proteins of nNOS/COX-1. Conclusions: RC has an antipyretic effect by attenuating the level of iNOS and COX-2 protein.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.251-258
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• 2003

The early -age behavior of base restrained reinforced concrete (RC) walls is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element method in this study. After calculating the temperature and internal relative humidity variations of an RC wall, determination of stresses due to thermal gradients, differential drying shrinkage, and average drying shrinkage is followed, and the relative contribution of these three stress components to the total stress is compared. The mechanical properties of early-age concrete, determined from many experimental studies, are taken into consideration, and a discrete reinforcing steel derived using the equivalent nodal force concept is also used to simulate the cracking behavior of RC walls. In advance, to Predict the crack spacing and maximum crack width in a base restrained RC wall, an analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior of an RC tension member is introduced on the basis of the energy equilibrium before and after cracking of concrete.