• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

The organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid), phenol and benzopyrene in wood vinegar were determine by HPLC. An $Atlantis^{TM}dC_{18}$ column with a acetonitrile: 0.1% phosphoric acid (5: 95, organic acids), acetonitrile: water (10 : 90, phenol), 100% acetonitrile (benzopyrene) as a mobile phase was used. Retention time of acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, phenol and benzopyrene was 4.77, 3.73, 9.08, 30.97 and 6.10 min, respectively. The calibration curves of organic acids, phenol, benzopyrene were linear over the concentration range of $30{\sim}500,\;60{\sim}1000$, and $3{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/ml$ with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, phenol, and benzopyrene was 1.71 and 5.19, 1.11 and 3.35, 4.87 and 14.74, 6.45 and 19.55, 0.08 and $0.24\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-day assay were $0.21{\sim}4.14$ and $0.07{\sim}1.19%$, respectively and the precision was $95{\sim}115%$. From this study, we suggest that HPLC is suitable method for the determination of organics in wood vinegar and could be applied to quality control of wood vinegar.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

Ficus carica L. (fig) is one of the first cultivated crops and is as old as humans. This plant has been extensively used as a traditional medicine for treating diseases, such as cough, indigestion, nutritional anemia, and tuberculosis. However, the physiological activity of fig leaves on oral cancer is as yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of methanol extracts of Ficus carica (MeFC) and the mechanism of cell death in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeFC decreased the viability of oral cancer (FaDu) cells but did not affect the viability of normal (L929) cells, as determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, MeFC induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and western blot analysis. Moreover, a concentration of MeFC without cytotoxicity (0.25 mg/mL) significantly suppressed colony formation, a hallmark of cancer development, and completely inhibited the colony formation at 1 mg/mL. Collectively, these results suggest that MeFC exhibits a potent anticancer effect by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells and colony formation via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, the methanol extract of Ficus carcica leaves provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for human oral cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.179-182
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• 2013

Human cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is a well-conserved xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme expressed in liver, kidney, nasal mucosa, brain, lung, and other tissues. CYP2E1 is inducible by ethanol, acetone, and other low-molecular weight substrates and may mediate development of chemically-mediated cancers. CYP2E1 polymorphisms alter the transcriptional activity of the gene. This study was conducted in order to investigate the allele frequency variation in different populations of Andhra Pradesh. Two hundred and twelve subjects belonging to six populations were studied. Genotype and allele frequency were assessed through TaqMan allelic discrimination (rs6413419) and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing (-1295G>C and -1055C>T) after DNA isolation from peripheral leukocytes. The data were compared with other available world populations. The SNP rs6413419 is monomorphic in the present study, -1295G>C and -1055C>T are less polymorphic and followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations studied. The -1295G>C and -1055C>T frequencies were similar and acted as surrogates in all the populations. Analysis of HapMap populations data revealed no significant LD between these markers in all the populations. Low frequency of $CYP2E1^*c2$ could be useful in the understanding of south Indian population gene composition, alcohol metabolism, and alcoholic liver disease development. However, screening of additional populations and further association studies are necessary. The heterogeneity of Indian population as evidenced by the different distribution of $CYP2E1^*c2$ may help in understanding the population genetic and evolutionary aspects of this gene.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

Total pressure recovery ratio in intake is crucial factor to the operational characteristics of supersonic propulsion system because it does not compress inlet air mechanically by compressor, but does compress inlet air by ram compression. As the result of that the dynamic characteristic analysis of engine was performed before the controller was designed, it could be ascertained when the AoA of flight vehicle increases, the buzz margin decreases so that the shock wave produced outside intake in the specified area according to flight operation's characteristics. Therefore the PID control algorithm was designed to be controlled buzz margin that the characteristic of shock wave could meet the requirement of performance in intake. The PID controller was designed that the buzz margin value is being positive number using the control variables; fuel flow and nozzle throat area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2015

This paper develops and evaluates a mechanical machining process which involves drilling on PVS material. According to the material, two treatment experiments were conducted, one involving drilling in a wet condition or using a lubricant and one involving drilling in a dry condition with no lubricant. Drilling in a dry condition showed better performance in terms of the cutting time than in the wet condition. Otherwise, the wet condition has several advantages. The lubricant influenced the burr diameter size and minimized the temperature on the surface of the work piece. During the wet condition drilling process, a smaller burr diameter size was noted as compared to the dry condition. The temperature showed a linear correlation with the drill bit size, where a least-square analysis provided an $R^2$valuewhichexceeded 0.95. The wet condition required more cutting time than the dry condition. In this condition, the water provides a lubrication effect. A thin layer between the cutting edges and the surface of the work piece is formed. The chip formation is affected by the drilling depth. The color on the tips of the chips was darker than in the initial condition. No correlation between the drilling depth and the bore roughness was noted, but the variation of the cutting speed or the RPM influenced the roughness of the bore. The optimum cutting speed ranged from 40 RPM to 45 RPM in the condition which provided the finest roughness surface.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2006

Sea water samples collected in August, 1994 from 20 stations in the Kwangyang Bay were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) to investigate persistence and distribution pattern of four organophosphorus pesticides (DDVP, Diazinon, IBP, EDDP). Except for IBP, the contamination by DDVP, Diazinon, and EDDP in marine aquatic environment in Korea has not been reported previously. In this study, however, all these four pesticides were detected in all stations (except DDVP) and their concentrations were in ng/L level. The concentrations ranged from detection limit to 15.3ng/L for DDVP, 1.8-27.7ng/L for Diazinon, 7.3-63.5ng/L for IBP, and 22.2-1100.1ng/L for EDDP. It is noteworthy that the measured concentrations of IBP and EDDP in this study would be much lower than usual, since the use of IBP and EDDP was less than 50% of average annual consumption due to unusually dry and hot weather condition in the summer of 1994. It was very surprising to find that the highest concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were observed at stations near Daesa Streamlet instead of Seomjin River, which has more point source of the pesticides. This result suggests that the small river discharge during heavy ram period in summer can give harmful effect on marine biota (both wild and aqua-cultured) with its organophosphorus pesticide residue, despite of their short residence time in aquatic environment. In order to protect the marine life properly from acute toxicity of the organophosphorus pesticides, it needs to be emphasized that monitoring the level of agricultural pesticides in river run-off should be done during active consumption period rather at regular intervals.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2010

We fabricated optical sensor system that take a measurement particles using a line-CCD in ocean. To measure particles, we used 680nm laser diode which is appropriate. we tested to operate optical system in water tank and ocean. It has performance that detected signal of sensors transfer microprocessor, FPGA as long as move up and down it's motion. The system algorithm also analysis output -pressure, temperature, particle numbers in depth.-For experiment, our particle sensor system has high accuracy counter. therefore, we proposed that a line-CCD is available on optical sensor system in ocean.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.517-533
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• 2012

This study calculated wind speed at the height of 10 m using a disaster prediction model(Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, FPHLM) that was developed and used in the United States. Using its distributions, a usable information of surface wind was produced for the purpose of disaster prevention when the typhoon attack. The advanced research version of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) was used in this study, and two domains focusing on South Korea were determined through two-way nesting. A horizontal time series and vertical profile analysis were carried out to examine whether the model provided a resonable simulation, and the meteorological factors, including potential temperature, generally showed the similar distribution with observational data. We determined through comparison of observations that data taken at 700 hPa and used as input data to calculate wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was suitable for the simulation. Using these results, the wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was calculated and its distributions were shown. Thus, a stronger wind occurred in coastal areas compared to inland areas showing that coastal areas are more vulnerable to strong winds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.108-116
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• 1989

The simulator described here-LOSIM(LOgic SIMulator)-was developed to verify the logic design for VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated) circuits at mixed level. In this paper, we present a modeling approach to obtain more accurate results than conventional logic simulators [5-6,9] for general elements, functional elements, transmission gates and tri-state gates using eight signal values and two gignal strengths. LOSIM has the capability which can perform timing and hazard analysis by using assignable rise and fall delays. We also prosent an efficient algorithm to accurately detectdynamic and static hazards which may be caused by the circuit delays. Our approach is based on five logic values and the scheduled time. LOSIM has been implemented on a UN-3/160 workstation running Berkeley 4.2 UNIX, and the program is written in C language. Static RAM cell and asynchronous circuit are illustrated as an example.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Gap junctions and their structural proteins, connexins (Cxs), have been implicated in carcinogenesis. To explore the involvement of Cx32 in gastric carcinogenesis, immunochemical analysis of Cx32 and proliferation marker Ki67 using tissue-microarrayed human gastric cancer and normal tissues was performed. In addition, after Cx32 overexpression in the human gastric cancer cell line AGS, cell proliferation, cell cycle analyses, and $p21^{Cip1}$ and $p27^{Kip1}$ expression levels were examined by bromodeoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting. Immunohistochemical study noted a strong inverse correlation between Cx32 and Ki67 expression pattern as well as their location. In vitro, overexpression of Cx32 in AGS cells inhibited cell proliferation significantly. $G^1$ arrest, up-regulation of cell cycle-regulatory proteins $p21^{Cip1}$ and $p27^{Kip1}$ was also found at both mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, Cx32 plays some roles in gastric cancer development by inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and cell cycle regulatory proteins.