• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1635-1646
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• 1998

The present study investigated the effects of geometric parameters considered on the performance of an automotive scroll compressor by assuming ideal, semi-real and real gases for R-134a. The geometric parameters were center thickness of scroll, height of scroll and the size of discharge port. Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was applied to solve the thermodynamic equations, leaking rate equation and the equation of motion of discharge valve for ideal, semi-real, and real gases. The volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies for semi-real and real gases differed little, but those for ideal gas differed by 18% and 25% compared with those for real gas at 2,000rpm. The volumetric efficiency changed little as the design angle of scroll (${\gamma}$) changed, but the adiabatic efficiency at ${\gamma}$ of $34^{\circ}$ was higher by 2.4% than that of $147^{\circ}$ for 2,000rpm. The volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies at scroll height of 29.8mm were higher by 1.7% and 2.8% than those of 65.8mm. The volumetric efficiency changed little as the size of discharge port changed, but the adiabatic efficiency increased a little as the size of discharge port decreased.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2022

This paper presents an experimental study on the main management factors of the condenser contamination such as fouling and corrosion for the R-134a turbo-chiller to save energy, reduce corrosion rates, and reduce maintenance costs through the application of condenser non-cleaning water treatment chemical. The series of experiment is conducted using combining oxidative microbial sterilizers, non-oxidizing microbial sterilizers, and anti-corrosion agents. The leaving temperature difference and corrosion rates for three different combination of chemicals are collected and analyzed. The experimental results show that the cost reduction (4,066,000 Won/year) of the disinfectant (FT-830) can be achieved by adding the oxidative disinfectant (NaOCl) and the non-oxidizing disinfectant (NX-1116). The LTD value is maintained at 1.9℃, and the corrosion rates of copper and carbon steel specimens are 0.07 mpy and 1.61 mpy, respectively.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2014년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.134-136
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• 2014

차세대 에너지 관리시스템에서 계통 해석 프로그램은 집중원격감시 시스템으로부터 취득된 데이터를 이용해 토폴로지, 상태추정, 조류계산, 상정사고, 고장해석 등의 해석 정보를 계통 운영자에게 전달한다. 지속적으로 증가하는 전력수요에 신속하게 대처하기 위해서 계통 해석 프로그램은 대규모 계통의 계획과 운영을 빠르고 정확하게 분석하여 대책을 수립할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 계통 해석 프로그램들 중 특히 많은 시간이 소요되는 상정사고 해석 프로그램의 특성을 분석하고 성능 개선 방안을 제안한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.422-425
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• 2009

A sea water source cascade heat pump was designed and tested in this study. The system was designed to perform a single stage operation in summer, as well as a cascade operation in winter to ensure the high temperature lift. A steady-state simulation model was developed to analyze and optimize its performance. The simulation results show that the R717 exhibits best performance among combinations considered in this study. A R410A also exhibits the highest performance among HFCs with the smallest compressor displacement. A 15-RT R410A-R134a pilot system was installed in the 5-story commercial building at Samcheok City by the East Sea. A scroll type R410A compressor, a reciprocating type R134a compressor, plate type condenser/evaporator/ cascade heat exchanger and two electronic expansion valves were used to build a pilot. A titanium plate type heat exchanger is also used for the heat exchanging with a sea water. The heat source/sink water is supplied from the well below the seashore in the depth of 5 m. In the initial test of the system, supply water temperature was rising up to $67^{\circ}C$ using a sea water heat source of $9^{\circ}C$, while an ambient temperature was $4.5^{\circ}C$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2013

In this work, nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of R134a and R1234yf are measured, on flat plain, 26 fpi low fin, Turbo-B, Turbo-C and Thermoexcel-E surfaces. All data are taken at the liquid pool temperature of $7^{\circ}C$, on a small square copper plate ($9.53mm{\times}9.53mm$), at heat fluxes from $10kW/m^2$ to $200kW/m^2$, with an interval of $10kW/m^2$. Test results show that nucleate boiling HTCs of all enhanced surfaces are greatly improved, as compared to that of a plain surface. Nucleate pool boiling HTCs of R1234yf are very similar to those of R134a, for the five surfaces tested.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.513-525
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• 2004

This paper reports an experimental study on flow boiling of pure refrigerants R l34a and R l23 and their mixtures in a uniformly heated horizontal tube. The flow pattern was observed through tubular sight glasses with an internal diameter of 10㎜ located at the inlet and outlet of the test section. Tests were run at a pressure of 0.6 MPa in the heat flux ranges of 5-50㎾/㎡, vapor quality 0-100 percent and mass velocity of 150-600㎏/㎡s. Both in the nucleate boiling-dominant region at low quality and in the two-phase convective evaporation region at higher quality where nucleation is supposed to be fully suppressed, the heat transfer coefficient for the mixture was lower than that for an equivalent pure component with the same physical properties as the mixture. The reduction of the heat transfer coefficient in mixture is explained by such mechanisms as mass transfer resistance and non-linear variation in physical properties etc. In this study, the contribution of convective evaporation, which is obtained for pure refrigerants under the suppression of nucleate boiling, is multiplied by the composition factor by Singal et al. (1984). On the basis of Chen's superposition model, a new correlation is presented for heat transfer coefficients of mixture.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1997년도 제26회 추계학술대회
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• pp.145-151
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• 1997

PAG(Polyalkylene Glycol) and esters are tested with HFC-134a as a refrigeration oil. This investigation enhances the testing method by taking the compressor's environment into account. A testing environment charged with refrigerant gas more closely simulates the conditions of a compressor. The friction coetTicient of the PAG/HFC-134a system is similar to that of the mineral oil/CFC-12 system at operating conditions. Ester oils are preferable at the start & stop condition in the lubricity aspect. PAG shows good lubricity in conditions of extreme contact pressure. Consequently, this test provides reliable results on compressor lubricity of refrigeration oils with HFC-134a. It suggests a methodological way for the proper selection of refrigeration oils that may improve the durability and performance of a compressor.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.698-706
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• 2004

Heat transfer coefficients of enhanced tubes in a flooded evaporator are measured through Wilson Plot method. And the correlations are proposed to design a flooded evaporators. Overall heat transfer coefficients are composed of the heat transfer coefficients both inside and outside tubes. Usually the experiments have been conducted separately. But there have been many difficulties like setting up the equipments and measuring the wall temperature. Wilson Plot method makes it possible to measure the separated transfer coefficients at the same equipment through experimental skills. So the cost and time can be reduced. And the results are reliable enough to use for design. Heat transfer coefficients inside the tube were able to be correlated uniquely in spite of various outside conditions. Boiling heat transfer of R134a is more dependent on the saturation temperature and much higher than that of R123.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2014

지열수를 온열원으로 사용하고, 해양심층수를 열침으로 사용하는 바이너리(binary) 지열 발전시스템은 기존 지열 발전시스템의 효율을 증대하기 위한 재열과정과 터빈출력을 향상시키기 위한 다단과정을 각각 또는 복합적으로 적용하여 다단재열재생사이클의 성능개선을 검토하였다. 사이클종류는 다단재열사이클(Multi Stage reheater cycle; MS), 다단재열재생사이클(Multi stage reheater regeneration cycle; MSR)이 있다. 작동유체는 R134a, R245fa를 적용하였으며 온열원의 온도가 $65^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$ 열침은 $5^{\circ}C$를 적용하여 기본해석을 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 온열원변화, 작동유체의 종류, 사이클의 종류에 따른 해양지열발전용 다단재열재생사이클의 출력 및 효율을 높이기 위한 해석을 수행하였다. 이를 열역학적 사이클로 모사하기 위한 상용 프로그램인 Aspen HYSYS(V8.0)를 이용하여 해석을 진행 하였다. 작동유체는 R245fa가 R134a보다 우수한 성능을 보였으며, 온열원의 변화와 각각의 사이클 종류에 따라 적절한 작동유체가 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 사이클의 출력 및 효율은 각각 MS사이클과 MSR사이클에서 좋은 성능을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1027-1031
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• 2014

외기냉수냉방 시스템은 공조나 산업공정에 사용되는 냉수를 저온의 외기를 이용하여 냉각하는 시스템으로 에너지를 절감하기위해 사용되며, 냉각시스템과 외기와 냉수가 열교환을 하는 드라이쿨러로 구성되어있다. 외기냉수냉방 시스템은 지속적인 냉방이 필요한 곳에 에너지절감효과가 뛰어나나 국내의 경우, 외기냉수냉방 시스템에 설계 기준과 자료가 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상용프로그램 HYSYS를 이용하여, 드라이쿨러를 이용한 외기냉수냉방 시스템의 요소변화에 따른 성능을 비교 분석했으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 드라이쿨러의 냉각능력은 외기온도, 요구냉수온도, 열교환기의 LMTD (Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference, 대수평균온도차)에 따라 변한다. 드라이쿨러는 외기온도가 낮을 수록 그 냉각능력이 증가하며, LMTD가 낮은 드라이쿨러가 LMTD가 높은 것에 비하여 고온의 외기온도에서 사용이 가능하였다. 외기온도가 극히 낮은 지역에서는 글리콜이 함유된 부동액을 사용해야하며 국내의 외기온도를 고려하였을 때, 글리콜농도 34%의 부동액이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 냉동기에 적용될 작동유체의 경우, R22, R134a, R407C의 압축일을 비교했으며, R134a가 환경관련 규제와 에너지 사용측면에서 우수한 냉매로 사료된다.