• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-641
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water fluoridation program(WFP) on dental caries prevention in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: The data of control group were extracted from 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey(KNOHS). Since 1998, WFP was implemented in Ulsan. The subjects were 670 subjects including 10 to 12-years old children in 2009. The control subjects were 4,871 people in non-fluoridated metropolitan cities comparable to Ulsan. The control subjects were selected from 2012 KNOHS. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by the variables including oral health behaviors on daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Oral health examination was carried out by two dentists who received a training in KNOHS with an inter-examiner-agreement. Caries preventive fraction was calculated by the difference of DMFT and DMFS index. The preventive effects of the WFP program were focused on gender, number of fissure sealed teeth, daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Data were analyzed using SPSS $19.0^{(R)}$(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical package. Results: DMFT indices of 12-year-old subjects(n=670) in WFP and control population(n=4,871) were 2.11 and 1.23, respectively with an estimated prevention effect of 41.7%. Conclusions: WFP in Ulsan reduced the prevalence of dental caries. WFP should be recommended for the public oral health program in other metropolitan cities.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.6
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight control behaviors, the degree of fatness and dance major on behalf of finding the effects of eating disorders. 779 female high school students, 283 dance major students and 496 general major students, were participated in the study. A self-reporting type of questionnaire survey was conducted during the period from $6^{th}$ May to $18^{th}$ April of 2005. Collected data were processed using SPSSW in 12.0; they were analysed through frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. With regard to the level of eating disorders(EAT-26), 33.9% of risk group of eating disorder female dance students, and 13.7% of risk group of eating disorder female general major students. Weight-control behaviors in this research were 1) weight control concerns, 2) weight control trial, 3) weight control methods (prescription of M.D., ways of weight control), 4) eating habits. First, 56.6% of subjects had high concerns about weight control, and 92% of subjects had tried weight control. Second, only 5.1% of subjects were prescribed by M.D. Third, subjects had been using wrong methods(25.7%) of weigh control such as fasting, using drugs, vomiting, wearing laps etc. Fourth, 42.7% of the subjects had bad eating habits. The degree of fatness was as follows: 1) BMI(Body Mass Index), 2) self report about weight 3) distorted body image. Depending upon the BMI, the subjects with obesity were not found in female dance students; Comparatively, 36.9% of dance students were fat and 1.4% of the students were very fat. In terms of distorted body image, only 14.9% of all subjects were the same between the subjective degree of fatness and the objective degree of fatness. 2. As a result of multiple regression, six variables were found significant($R^2=11.6%$, P < 0.01). Concerns about the weight control significantly influenced on eating disorders(EAT-26). At the same time, major(dance), wrong methods of weight control, distorted body image, prescription of M.D, and eating habits had significantly influenced on eating disorders. This results indicates that the risk of eating disorders among female dancer students was very high. Therefore, professional intervention is needed for female dance students to prevent the eating disorders.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat types of prickly lettuce, Lactuca scariola of Europe origin for supplying the basic data of management plan. It showed fairly nation-wide distribution although excessive growth was rather limited in the wild. Its habitat types were divided into four types like open fields, roadsides, seashores and riversides. Species diversity examined by species rank-dominance curve tended to increase over riverside > seashores > open fields > roadsides. As a result of analyzing life form, therophytes were more than 50%, means that the habitats of L. scariola were disturbed by human activities etc. Urbanization Index was analyzed 9.1% in roadsides, 7.4% in seashores, 5.8% in open fields and riversides. It has high spread potential with a large number of wind-flying seed per plant. It was evaluated that prickly lettuce was mainly spread along the newly constructed road, expressway and invaded the original ecosystem in the cultivated land as weeds. But it has played a role as a pioneer species in open fields. It is recommended to remove where it has considerable impact on the native plant species of conservation value.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.553-559
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• 2015

Research on micro-level assessment of the changes of socio-economic status following health interventions is very scarce. The use of household asset data to determine wealth indices is a common procedure for estimating socio-economic position in resource poor settings. In such settings information about income is usually lacking, and the collection of individual consumption or expenditure data would require in-depth interviews, posing a considerable risk of bias. In this study, we determined the socio-economic status of 213 households in a community population in an island in the north-western Tanzania before and 3 year after implementation of a participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST) intervention to control schistosomiasis and intestinal worm infections. We constructed a household 'wealth index' based housing construction features (e.g., type of roof, walls, and floor) and durable assets ownership (e.g., bicycle, radio, etc.). We employed principal components analysis and classified households into wealth quintiles. The study revealed that asset variables with positive factor scores were associated with higher socio-economic status, whereas asset variables with negative factor scores were associated with lower socio-economic status. Overall, households which were rated as the poorest and very poor were on the decrease, whereas those rated as poor, less poor, and the least poor were on the increase after PHAST intervention. This decrease/increase was significant. The median shifted from -0.4376677 to 0.5001073, and the mean from -0.2605787 (SD; 2.005688) to 0.2605787 (SD; 1.831199). The difference in socio-economic status of the people between the 2 phases was highly statistically significant (P<0.001). We argue that finding of this study should be treated with caution as there were other interventions to control schistosomiasis and intestinal worm infections which were running concurrently on Kome Island apart from PHAST intervention.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2000

This study analyzes the factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children. The factors are divided into the environmental ones and innate ones. The purposes of this study is presented as follows. 1) To analyze the environmental factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) whether the education period affects self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) what influences do the manners of parental child-rearing behavior make? (3) what influences do peer relationships make on self-esteem of the gifted children? 2) To analyze the innate factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children (1) does the gender make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (2) does the level of intelligence make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? (3) what influences does the locus of control make on the self-esteem of the gifted children? To solve these questions 120 gifted children were selected, who were taking a special education program at C Korea Academy of Gifted Education located at Yangjae-dong Seocho-gu. They were 1st to 3rd grades at elementary school. We used Hare Self-Esteem Scale developed by Bruce R. Hare in 1985, the Index of Peer Relations developed by Hudson in 1986, and Nowicki & Strickland Locus of Control Scale developed by Nowicki and Strickland in 1973. At the other hand the nursing behaviors of 120 mothers of the gifted, were also investigated, based on the Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory, developed by Sungyeon Park in 1989 with some modifications. For statistical analysis we adopted SPSS, a computer software, and calaulated the coefficient of internal appropriateness and the frequencies and percentages of general aspects of the cases. We analysed the factors influencing the self-esteem of the gifted children by way of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and Duncan for ex-post-facto approval. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Influences of the environmental factors on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The duration of education period had a significant effect on the self-esteem; the longer the duration were, the higher self-esteem they possessed. (2) Of parental child-rearing behaviors, active involvement had positive influence on the self-esteem; on the contrary, authoritarian control and overprotection had negative influences on the self-esteem. (3) An acceptable peer relationship had a positive influence on the self-esteem of the gifted children. 2) Influences of individual innate characteristics on the self-esteem of the gifted children: (1) The gender made no difference on the self-esteem of the gifted. (2) The intelligence did not have a statistically significant effect on the self-esteem of the gifted. (3) When the locus of control was external, the self-esteem of the gifted tended to be low.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

Method of analyzing sodium alginate in foods was developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC conditions for sodium alginate were: column, MCI GEL $(8\;mm\;i.d{\times}300\;mm)$; mobile phase, deionized water; detector, refractive index detection (sensitivity = 16). Separation of sodium alginate was achieved within 15 min. Sodium alginate showed good linear relationship at 0.1-2.0% range. Correlation coefficient of calibration curve for sodium alginate exceeded 0.999, and detection limit was 0.005%. Recovery rate of sodium alginate in wheat flour dough was 106.67%. This method was successfully applied to analyses of cereals, saccharides, and ice cream, etc. Sodium alginate was detected in chocolate, noodles, and kelp at 0-44.8% range.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 1995

The influence of normal late pregnancy on insulin action and insulin secretion was studied in the Sprague-Dawley female rats. On 20th day after mating, intravenous glucose tolerance test(IVGTT) was performed in non pregnant control and pregnant rats. As results of IVGTT, glucose disappearance rate was not significantly different in both groups, but secretory response of insulin was significantly(p<0.05) increased in pregnant rat. And the ratio of insulin/glucose was significantly higher in pregnant rats, which means existence of insulin resistance. These insulin resistance was overcomed by increased secretory response of pancreatic insulin. Insulinogenic index(${\Delta}$ insulin/glucose - 5 min) was highly significantly (r=0.62, p<0.01) correlated with progesterone concentration. Glycogen level and amounts of $^{14}C$-glucose incorporated into glycogen after IVGTT were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in the liver, but were not changed significantly in soleus. Glycogen synthase activity of soleus and liver was not differ significantly in the both groups. Insulin binding at varying concentrations of insulin to crude membrane of pregnant liver was not significantly different from control. In conclusions, although these pregnant rats were normal glucose tolerance due to increased secretory response of insulin, that was correlated with progesterone concentration, pregnant rat had insulin resistance. The mechanisms of insulin resistance were not related to defect of insulin binding phase and glycogen synthase, but suggest pre-receptor and/or postreceptor phase.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2014

This study examines the degree of global co-movement & spillover effect among the housing price of ten major countries of OECD including Korea, based on the 3 hypothesis. The data used in this study is quarterly house price index of OECD countries from 1975 to 2012. VAR model is used to analyze the co-movement, and Granger causality methodology is used for the analysis of Spillover Effect. It is found that entire period of study is that the global house prices showed the co-movement, but the coefficient was weak. Since 2008 global financial crisis, the co-movement increased significantly and the adjusted R-square of this model increased 78% compared to the entire period (1975-2012). In general, all hypotheses in this study were significant, and the common shock hypothesis were most significant. In case of Korea, the degree of co-movement was weak compared to the other countries and spillover effect was independent since 2008.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

This study aims to think about the problem of dolmens: the reasons for the presence of dolmens and how to construct it, at the point of view of geographical and geomorphological. The subjects of this study is the dolmens which locate between at Dogok Hyosanri and Chunyang Daesinri Hwasoon-gun, Jeonlanamdo. The study areas in Hyosanri, Daesinri has been observed as follows. First, the long axis direction of Dolmen upper stone and the slope one are the same. Second, tor, block stream, hockey stick, etc. Third, Composition of the soil silt> sand> clay is distributed in the order. Forth, The soil of high quality silt and the roundness of angular, sub-angular-level and the high frequency, peaks of quarts and illite clay minerals show. Fifth, in the result of $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2/R_2O_3$, and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration), Hyosanri, Daesinri areas show mechanical weathering was dominant and chemical weathering environment was not being progressed. The blocks used in construction of dolmens had moved to the bottom of slopes by mass movement such as solifluction then them which had been placed in the position seem to be used by people of Bronze. Based on the above results, the process of construction of dolmens can be estimated as follows. They would dig up the ground under the upper stone of dolmens, put the supporting stone in the place, then dig up earth, place into remains, close the obturating stones, then heal up earth.