• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation-based practice that enhances the core competencies of nursing students and to investigate the effects on critical thinking disposition, communication skill, and clinical performance for nursing students. This study used a one group, pre-post test design. There were 53 nursing students from G city enrolled in this study, and self-reported questionnaires were collected between June 10 and August 19, 2016. The simulation-based practice was applied for 6-8 hours/day for 60 hours, using a 4-practice module. The data were analyzed by frequencies, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation using SPSS Win 18.0. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the clinical performance, however, there was no significant difference in the critical thinking disposition and communication skill. After the simulation-based practice, clinical performance was found to be positively correlated with critical thinking disposition (r= .628, p<.001) and communication (r=.716, p<.001). Critical thinking disposition and communication (r=.650, p<.001) also showed a positive correlation. In order to improve clinical competence, it is necessary to develop a simulation-based practice that enhances critical thinking disposition and communication skill.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.296-306
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• 2020

It has been reported that the wave heights measured by Wave and Tide gauges (WTG) have been underestimated, and thus it is important to improve its measuring accuracy for enhancing estimation of harbor tranquility. In this study, the significant wave heights from WTG were calibrated using measured data from AWAC and Waverider buoys moored at the same four locations with the WTG. It was observed that the product of significant wave height and peak wave period, HT, was not underestimated but linearly proportional between the measurements by two instruments. This linearity was applied to develop 3^rd order polynomial functions that best represented the relationship between HT and significant wave heights measured by WTG. These functions were then applied to calibrate the WTG significant wave heights that were lower than 0.7 m, the critical value established for the low waves in this study. The results showed that the linearity between the AWAC (or Waverider buoy) and calibrated wave heights were improved, and the magnitude of underestimated WTG wave heights were increased to be more realistic. The results of this study are expected to be effectively applied for other data sets obtained by WTG only, to increase the observation accuracy of WTG and to improve the estimation of harbor tranquility.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.608-624
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• 2010

Morphological surveys of southern Gyeonggi Bay in the Yellow Sea were conducted for2 years (2006 and 2007) by using multibeam echosounder for investigating the morphological features of bedforms. The subaqueous dunes are shown in various shapes (A~F type) and continuous spectrum of heights and lengths of transverse-to-current dunes on the wide range of sedimentary types. The height-length power-law correlation of dunes is $H_{mean}=0.0393L^{0.8984}$ (r=0.66). The comparison between Flemming (1988)'s correlation and height-length correlation of this study indicates that the subaqueous dunes in the study area are equilibrated in the present hydrological and sedimentary environment. The major controlling factors to thedevelopment and maintenance of subaqueous dunes are both strong tidal currents and the abundant availability of sand. Marine sand mining, artificial impact, changes from the original shape to an irregular shape of the subaqueous dunes with a shorter wavelength and lower height, which has influence on the development and maintenance of bedform because it causes a decrease of the availability of sediment. Water depth and sedimentary characteristics, and othercontrolling factors seem to play limited roles in the development and maintenance of subaqueous dunes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify factors influencinging confidence in performing patient safety management (PSM) of nursing students. The subjects of this study were 230 nursing students in four universities in two cities. Data were collected between June 22 and June 26, 2020 using by completing structured self report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. programs. In correlation analysis, significant positive correlations were found between confidence in performing PSM, PSM knowledge(r=.321, p<.001), PSM attitude(r=.584, p<.001), and clinical decision making ability(𝛽=.460, p<.001). In multiple regression analysis, PSM attitude(𝛽=.35, p=.005) and clinical decision making ability(𝛽=.23, p<.001) were factors predicting confidence in performing PSM, which explained 34.2% of the variance in the model. Therefore, we emphasize that continuing customized convergence educational programs are required to improve nursing student's confidence in performing PSM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1990

Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet of p/s 4.0(soybean oil : I), p/s 0.08(Beef tallow : II) at the level of 15% fat until 8 weeks after weaning. I & II groups were divided into 4 sub-groups by diets with or without 0.3% butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT). 2-AAF was injected at the age of $5_{1/2}$, 6, $5_{1/2}$, 7 weeks. MFO system enzyme(cytochrome p-450, cytochrome p-450 reductase, cytochrome b5) activities and lipid peroxide were determined from isolated liver microsome. 2-AAF injected young rats had growth retardatiion. Lipid peroxide values were not influenced greatly by dietary fat, 2-AAF and BHT. Cytochrome p-450 contents were increased in I-BHT-AAF & II-AAF groups by 2-AAF and its contents were not affected by BHT. But cytochrome p-450 and cytochrome p-450 reductase were not increased in soybean oil diet ybean oil groups. Cytochrome b5 was not influenced by dietary fat, 2-AAF and BHT. Cytochrome p-450 and lipid peroxide, cytochrome p-450 reductase and cytochrome b5, which transfer to MFO system, appeared to have positive correlations(r=0.2474, r=0.2475, p<0.05) each other. This result suggests that MFO system metabolizing 2-AAF was influenced by dietary fats and BHT. 2-AAF induced growth retardation in young rats.

• Water for future
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 1982

This study is to clarify the relation between the maximum 24 hour rainfall and the daily rainfall of a designated time 10 A.M., using the 506 rainfall datum from 32 rain-guage stations on the Han river basin covering a period of 7 years and trying to estimate the ratio of two data in accordance with the amount of rainfall respectively. The Mononobe's formula, which is widely used in this country, has the value of 2/3 power in it. The "n" was considered instead of 2/3 and derivated for each guaging station. The results make it possible to establish the Ison-n value map, and show that the n value is affected mainly by the topographical conditions. The daily rainfall of a designated time can be modified by the results of this study and expressed as Y(%)=218.25/R$$. But in the case of exceeding 200mm/day, it is recommended to use the 110% for safety. On the problems of intensity-duration concerned with the planning of public works, the formula can be expressed as r$$=fRday/24.(24/t)$$, where "f" is Y(%) divided by 100. As this study was done with the datum within shor period, it is necessary to study more about the "n" and "f" value so as to get previse value in the future.o as to get previse value in the future.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

HIV 치료를 위한 강력한 항바이러스 약물요법이 널리 사용됨에 따라 HIV에 감염된 상태에서 신장질환 발생 위험성을 지닌 채 오랜 기간 생존하는 환자들이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 국립중앙의료원 감염병 센터를 내원한 만18세 이상의 HIV 감염 환자를 대상으로 HIV 감염 환자에게 신기능 장애를 유발하는 위험인자를 평가하고자 환자군 대조군 연구를 후향적으로 실시하였다. 2006년 1월부터 2011년 3월까지 5년 3개월 동안 신기능이 저하된 모든 HIV 감염 환자를 환자군으로 하며, 정상 신기능을 가진 HIV 감염 환자들 중 대조군을 무작위로 선정하여 환자군과 대조군을 1:2의 비율로 하였다. 환자군과 대조군을 비교해 만성신질환을 유발하는 위험인자를 평가하기 위한 분석변수로 성별, 연령, CD4+ 세포수, 혈중 바이러스 수, HAART 56일 이상 여부, 당뇨병과 C형 간염을 선정하였다. 또한 추가적으로 개별 antiretroviral 약물들 사용과 신기능이 얼마나 관련되어 있는지 알아보기 위해 각각의 약물과 eGFR의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 환자군은 CD4+ 세포수가 < $200{\times}10^6$ cells/l 인 군이 7.7배(OR: 7.7; 95% CI, 1.8-32.9) 단백뇨가 있는 환자의 경우 7.8배(OR: 7.8; 95% CI, 1.6-37.8) 더 유의하게 만성신질환 발생위험이 높았다. 개별 antiretroviral 약물들과 eGFR의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, lamivudine 이 eGFR 과 약한 음적 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며(r = -.211, p < .05), 다른 약물들의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보이지 않았다. 이번 환자군-대조군 연구는 HIV 감염 환자들이 만성 신질환으로 발전하는데 여러 인자들의 역할에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 여러 변수들을 평가해 본 결과, 만성 신질환 환자들의 경우 CD4+ 세포수가 < $200{\times}10^6$ cells/l 이거나 단백뇨를 동반한 경우가 통계적으로 유의하게 많았다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1991

In order to obtain basic biological data for effective seed production of the red sea bream, Pargus major, the influence of water temperature on egg development was investigated. The time of egg development was shorter with higher water temperature. The relationships between the water temperature($T\;:\;^{\circ}C$) and the required time(t : hour) from egg to each developmental stage were given as follows : 8-cell 1/t=0.0618T-0.5877(r=0.9899) Morula : 1/t=0.0284T-0.2556(r=0.9948) Kupffer's : 1/t=0.0076T-0.0829(r=0.9902) vesicle Hatching : 1/t=0.0031T-0.0350(r=0.9985) Biological minimium temperature for the egg development was estimated to be $10.2^{\circ}C$ in average.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 1997

In order to obtain the basic information for seedling production of flatfish, Limanda herzensteini, the influence of water temperature and salinity on egg development was investigated. The desirable water temperature for egg hatching was9~$15^\circC$. The time of egg development was shorter with higher water temperature. The relationships between the water temperature (T:$^\circC$) and the required time (t:hour) from egg to each development stage were given as follows ; 8-cell : 1/t=0.0284T-0.0554 (r=0.9999) Morula : 1/t=0.0137T-0.0527 (r=0.9998) Kupffer's vesicle : 1/t=0.0035T-0.0133 (r=0.9762) Hatching : 1/t=0.0012T-0.0007 (r=0.9981) Biological mimimum temperature for the egg development was estimated to the be $2.6^\circC$ in average. The salinity which showed over 50% survival rate from fertilized egg to hatching was 35~$38\textperthousand$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1973

For regulating the depth of midwater trawl nets towed at the optimum constant speed, the changes in the shape of warps caused by adding a weight on an arbitrary point of the warp of catenary shape is studied. The shape of a warp may be approximated by a catenary. The resultant inferences under this assumption were experimented. Accordingly feasibilities for the application of the result of this study to the midwater trawl nets were also discussed. A series of experiments for basic midwater trawl gear models in water tank and a couple of experiments of a commercial scale gears at sea which involve the properly designed depth control devices having a variable attitude horizontal wing were carried out. The results are summarized as follows: 1. According to the dimension analysis the depth y of a midwater trawl net is introduced by $$y=kLf(\frac{W_r}{R_r},\;\frac{W_o}{R_o},\;\frac{W_n}{R_n})$$) where k is a constant, L the warp length, f the function, and $W_r,\;W_o$ and $W_n$ the apparent weights of warp, otter board and the net, respectively, 2. When a boat is towing a body of apparent weight $W_n$ and its drag $D_n$ by means of a warp whose length L and apparent weight $W_r$ per unit length, the depth y of the body is given by the following equation, provided that the shape of a warp is a catenary and drag of the warp is neglected in comparison with the drag of the body: $$y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{\sqrt{{D_n^2}+{(W_n+W_rL)^2}}-\sqrt{{D_n^2+W_n}^2\}$$ 3. The changes ${\Delta}y$ of the depth of the midwater trawl net caused by changing the warp length or adding a weight ${\Delta}W_n$_n to the net, are given by the following equations: $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{W_n+W_{r}L}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}{\Delta}L$$ $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{1}{W_r}\{\frac{W_n+W_rL}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}-{\frac{W_n}{\sqrt{D_n^2+W_n^2}}\}{\Delta}W_n$$ 4. A change ${\Delta}y$ of the depth of the midwater trawl net by adding a weight $W_s$ to an arbitrary point of the warp takes an equation of the form $${\Delta}y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{(T_{ur}'-T_{ur})-T_u'-T_u)\}$$ Where $$T_{ur}^l=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_s+W_{r}L)^2+2T_u(W_s+W_{r}L)sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{ur}=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_{r}L)^2+2T_uW_{r}L\;sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{u}^l=\sqrt{T_u^2+W_s^2+2T_uW_{s}\;sin{\theta}_u$$ and $T_u$ represents the tension at the point on the warp, ${\theta}_u$ the angle between the direction of $T_u$ and horizontal axis, $T_u^2$ the tension at that point when a weights $W_s$ adds to the point where $T_u$ is acted on. 5. If otter boards were constructed lighter and adequate weights were added at their bottom to stabilize them, even they were the same shapes as those of bottom trawls, they were definitely applicable to the midwater trawl gears as the result of the experiments. 6. As the results of water tank tests the relationship between net height of H cm velocity of v m/sec, and that between hydrodynamic resistance of R kg and the velocity of a model net as shown in figure 6 are respectively given by $$H=8+\frac{10}{0.4+v}$$ $$R=3+9v^2$$ 7. It was found that the cross-wing type depth control devices were more stable in operation than that of the H-wing type as the results of the experiments at sea. 8. The hydrodynamic resistance of the net gear in midwater trawling is so large, and regarded as nearly the drag, that sweeping depth of the gear was very stable in spite of types of the depth control devices. 9. An area of the horizontal wing of the H-wing type depth control device was $1.2{\times}2.4m^2$. A midwater trawl net of 2 ton hydrodynamic resistance was connected to the devices and towed with the velocity of 2.3 kts. Under these conditions the depth change of about 20m of the trawl net was obtained by controlling an angle or attack of $30^{\circ}$.