• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2016

In this paper, an accurate characterization of a fabricated X-band transmit/receive module is described with the process of generating control data to correct amplitude and phase deviations in an active electronically scanned array antenna unit. In the characterization, quantization errors (from both a digitally controlled attenuator and a phase shifter) are considered using not theoretical values (due to discrete sets of amplitude and phase states) but measured values (of which implementation errors are a part). By using the presented procedure for the characterization, each initial control bit of both the attenuator and the phase shifter is closest to the required value for each array element position. In addition, each compensated control bit for the parasitic cross effect between amplitude and phase control is decided using the same procedure. Reduction of the peak sidelobe level of an array antenna is presented as an example to validate the proposed procedure.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2008

Three species, such as Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maxim. and R. officinale Baillon are recognized as the source plants of Rhei Rhizoma in Korean Pharmacopeia. However, other herbal sources such as R. undulatum L. and Rumex crispus L. have been often misused as Rhei Rhizoma. A pattern analysis method to discriminate Rhei Rhizoma in Korean Pharmacopeia from other herbal plants using HPLC and TLC chromatograms was developed. The multivariate peak data of the chromatograms of methanol extracts of Rhei Rhizoma were used for hierarchical clustering analysis, principal components analysis and similarity calculation. Besides of the statistic analysis, TLC patterns of samples could be used as criteria of the discrimination. The developed pattern analysis method was specific and could be readily utilized for comprehensive evaluation of Rhei Rhizoma.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

Nowadays, huge volumes of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data are generated to increase the knowledge on DNA-protein interactions in the cell, and accordingly, many tools have been developed for ChIP-Seq analysis. Here, we provide an example of a streamlined workflow for ChIP-Seq data analysis composed of only four packages in Bioconductor: dada2, QuasR, mosaics, and ChIPseeker. 'dada2' performs trimming of the high-throughput sequencing data. 'QuasR' and 'mosaics' perform quality control and mapping of the input reads to the reference genome and peak calling, respectively. Finally, 'ChIPseeker' performs annotation and visualization of the called peaks. This workflow runs well independently of operating systems (e.g., Windows, Mac, or Linux) and processes the input fastq files into various results in one run. R code is available at github: https://github.com/ddhb/Workflow_of_Chipseq.git.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.286-291
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• 1997

Influence of Si contents on the mechanical properties and microstructure of austempered ductile iron was investigated. Four different Si contents between 2.0 and 2.9% were used. Austenitizing was performed at $890^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs and austempering temperatures were both 340 and $380^{\circ}C$ for 0.5, 1, and 2 hrs. Nodule content was more than $300/mm^2$ and nodularity was more than 90%. Microstructure was revealed using nital and retained austenite was measured by x-ray diffractometer. Tensile test, no-notch Charpy impact test and wear test were performed. Tensile strength was improved as Si content increased and both elongation and impact toughness had peak at 2.6%Si. The specimen austempered at $380^{\circ}C$ showed lower tensile strength than that of $340^{\circ}C$, but showed higher elongation. However, austempering temperature of $380^{\circ}C$ was desirable because that of $340^{\circ}C$ was close to lower bainite transformation. As austempering time increased, tensile strength and elongation were improved and optimum condition was obtained for 2 hrs heat treatment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2003

The full energy peak efficiency of a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was calibrated in a wide energy range from 0.06 to 11 MeV. Both the experimental technique and the Monte Carlo method were used for the efficiency calibration. The measurement was performed using the standard radioisotopes in the low energy region of $60{\sim}1408$ keV, which was further extended up to 11 MeV by using the $^{14}N(n,r)\;and\;^{35}Cl(n,r)$ reactions. The GEANT Monte Carlo code was used for efficiency calculation. The calculated efficiency had the same dependency on the r-ray energy with the measurement, and the discrepancy between the calculation and the measurement was minimized by fine-tuning of the detector geometry. From the calculated result, the efficiency curve of the HPGe detector was reliably determined particularly in the high energy region above several MeV, where the number of measured efficiency points is relatively small despite the wide energy region. The calculated efficiency agreed with the measurement within about $7\%$. In addition to the efficiency calculation, the origin of the local minimum near 600 keV on the efficiency curve was analyzed as a general characteristics of a HPGe detector.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2004

Ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury of the rat testis causes germ cell death and infiltration of inflammatory cells. To investigate the mechanism of germ cell death in torsion of the rat testis, apoptosis and macrophage activation were studied using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) method and immunohistochemistry in the testes of Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to 1.5 h of ischemia, followed by 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h of reperfusion. Apoptotic, TUNEL-positive cells were found at the base of the seminiferous epithelia after I/R. TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased 6 h after repair of the torsion, and there was a significant peak in apoptosis 24 h after reperfusion, as compared with normal or sham-operated controls. In contrast, histological evidence of germ cell necrosis in the seminiferous tubules was first visible 24 h after reperfusion. In the testis of sham-operated rats, ED2-positive resident macrophages were found diffusely in the interstitial space, while ED1-positive monocyte-like macrophages were rarely found. After I/R, ED1-positive cells were significantly increased beginning 12 h after reperfusion, while ED2-positive immunoreactivity did not change during the experimental period. Together, the results of this study confirmed that increased numbers of ED1-positive macrophages, but not resident ED2-positive macrophages, infiltrated the interstitial space surrounding damaged tubules and induced germcell death.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.493-498
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• 2016

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) represents beat-to-beat fluctuations of R-R intervals in Electrocardiogram (ECG). On of the clinical applications of HRV is to assess the mental-stress state by evaluating its power spectral density distribution. This study aims at finding new discriminative role of the coupled-oscillating coupling constants, Cs and Cp in the Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) model. Based on comparing with power spectral density of HRV in terms of the relative ratio of the low and high-frequency power component, we can conclude the fact that the coupling parameters Cs and Cp can replace the role of HRV power spectrum interpretation for judging the mental-stress state.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.407-411
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• 2011

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) wes enriched using sludge in wastewater treatment. The microbial community of activated sludge and enriched MFC were analyzed by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacteroidetes group were pre-dominant in activated sludge by FISH. ${\alpha}$ group, ${\gamma}$ group and Acintobacter group were dominant and they were similar to distribution. The average value of 10 peak of MFC is 0.44C. When MFC wase enriched by sludge, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Plantomycetes group increased 70% and 60%, respectively. In results of 16S rDNA sequencing, Sphiringomonas sp. was comprised in ${\alpha}$ proteobacteria and Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp. were comprised in ${\gamma}$ proteobacteria and Chryseobacterium sp. was comprised in Flavobacteria were isolated from sludge.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.105-108
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• 1969

본(本) 실험(實驗)에 사용(使用)된 Gel로는 Sephadex G-200, G-100과 G-75로써 fractionation은 대체(大體)로 호조건에서 이루어 졌다. G-200과 G-100의 경우에 있어서는 갈색색소의 분자크기가 서로 다른 2개(個)의 Peak를 얻을 수 있었고 Colume에 투입된 시료(試料)는 완전(完全)히 회수(回收)되었다. G-75의 경우에는 갈색색소와 분자 크기가 작은 다른 물질(物質)과를 분리(分離)할 수 있었으나 약간의 시료(試料)는 Gel에 흡착되어 완전(完全)히 회수(回收)할 수 없었다. 발효실험의 결과를 종합해 보면 우선 갈색색소를 함유하늘 모든 fraction은 발효초기에 활성(活性)을 보이며 분자크기가 작은 물질의 구획(區劃)에서는 강하고도 점증되는 활성(活性)을 관찰할 수 있었다. Sephadex Gel에 의(依)한 fractionation은 첫째로 작업(作業)도중에 시료(試料)의 변질현상(變質現象)이 없다는 것과 둘째로 갈색색소를 그들의 분자크기에 따라 분획(分劃)할 수 있다는 이점(利點)들이 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

Toxin produced by Colletotrichum falcatum Went, the incitant of red rot of sugarcane was isolated, purified and assayed to determine host specificity and identify its chemical nature. The toxin was found to be not host specific as it inhibited germination of various seeds(gram, greengram, blackgram, pea, cowpea, rice and sugarcane) as well as different seedlings viz. tomato, coriander, pea and rice. The toxin consists of two distinct fraction-one fraction having $R_f$, value at 0.36 producing identical red rot lesion when inoculated at leaf midrib of sugarcane, and the other having $R_f$, value at 0.72 not showing any red rot lesion. Chromatogram of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) of the red rot lesion causing fraction showed a sharp peak at 1.62 min of retention time(RT), and spectral analysis indicated the presence of following chemical $CH_3$ - groups-C-H, C=O, C-N, $-CH_3,\;-CH_2$ -CH and molecular mass of the compound was 203. - ($M^+,\;C_{11}H_{11}N_2O_2$).