• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

Economic injury levels and economic thresholds were estimated for the american serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii) on greenhouse eggplant. Liriomyza trifolii density was increased until the late June and decreased after the July in innoculation on may 17. Growth of an aerial plants and fruits were not different in treatment respectively. But total number of fruits and yields were decreased on higher inoculation density. Whereas the rate of yield loss was increased. The rates of damaged leaf by L. trifolii were increased on higher inoculation density and the peak was 65%. The number of commodity fruits and the rates of commodity fruit were become lower than non-treatment (72.2%). The rates of damaged leaf area were 5.3, 11.7, 19.7, 25.7% on inoculation densities and the rates of yield loss were 0.6, 4.8, 9.8, 14.7%, respectively. There existed close correlation between rate of yield loss and inoculation density (Y = 0.76779X + 0.298354, $R^2\;=\;0.9599$). Considerated of the results, the economic injury levels of L. trifolii on eggplant greenhouse was 6.1 adults per 4 plant and the economic thresholds was 4.9 adults per 4 plant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of ginseng products on the baking properties of white breads. Flour was substituted by ginseng products (ginseng at levels 2, 4, 6, and 8%, all w/w, of flour levels). Both ginseng powder (GP) and red ginseng powder (RGP) were used. Similarly, red ginseng extract (RGE) was substituted at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4% (all w/w) of flour. The physical properties of each dough were assessed using farinograms, extensograms, and amylograms. Water absorption increased as the proportions of ginseng products rose. The dough surface areas and R/E (resistance/extensibility) values decreased, as did peak viscosities, at the proportions of ginseng products increased. The pH values during fermentation decreased as the proportions of ginseng products increased. The fermentation power of dough with GP was lower than that of control, and higher than that of dough with RGP or RGE, but the addition of ginseng products beyond certain levels weakened the gas retention power: The specific loaf volumes of breads with 2% GP were the highest at 5.41 mL/g. In breads with RGE, the specificloaf volume increased from 5.52 mL/g to 5.82 mL/g as RGE levels rose from 0% to 4%. Hardness increased with rising GP and RGP levels in breads with GP and RGP, but decreased with RGE levels in breads with RGE. The moisture contents of breads during storage tended to be higher than control in breads with ginseng products. Lightness increased with addition of GP and decreased upon addition of RGP or RGE, while redness and yellowness increased after addition of any ginseng products. In sensory evaluation tests, the sensory scores for texture, color, mouth feel, and overall acceptability, were high, when any ginseng product (GP, RGP or RGE) was present at 2%. Of these breads, the bread with 2% RGE attained the highest sensory score.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

Progesterone production and oocyte maturation in ovarian follicles of Rana nigromaculata and Rana rugosa were investigated. Addition of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) to the in utiro cultured follicles of R. nigromaculata stimulated a marked increase in the accumulation and secretion of progesterone (P$_4$) by the follicles and induced their oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) in a dose dependent manner. The FPH (0.1 pituitary equivalent/2 ml)-inducted P4 peak appeared in 3-6 hours and followed by the oocyte GVBD in 9-12 hours after the hormone stimulation. lncreae of intrafollicular cAMP levels with forskolin (an adenylatecyclase stimulator) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) mimic the FPH action in the stimulation of P$_4$ production but not in the induction of oocyte maturation. The in uitro cultured follicies of R. rugosa behaved very differently from other amphibian follicles. Addition of FPH-(0. 1 pit. equivl2 ml) to the culture medium neither stimulated P$_4$ production by the follicles nor induced the oocyte GVBD. However, treatment of the follicles with forskolin and IBMX drastically stimulated both the intrafollicular accumulation (800 pg/follicle) and secretion (1700 pg/follicle) of P$_4$ by the follicles during culture period. Thus, the data suggest that the follicles are ready to respond to cAMP increase but not to the FPH stimulation in terms of P$_4$ production.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1178-1185
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• 2004

In the atmosphere of $N_2$ gas, BaZ $r_{0.08}$ $Ti_{0.92}$ $O_3$ polycrystal was grown by floating zone technique using BaZ $r_{0.08}$ $Ti_{0.92}$ $O_3$ ceramics as a feed and SrTi $O_3$(1l0) single cystal as a seed. The dielectric constant and loss at 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz for the as-grown sample were measured as a function of temperature in the temperature range between -10$0^{\circ}C$ and 150 $^{\circ}C$ to find a dielectric peak with frequency dispersion at Curie point. The hysteresis loop showed that the grown sample had very small polarization which was 0-0.01 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for the applied dc-electric fields from -7 kV/cm to +7 kV/cm. However, the normal hysteresis loop was appeared after oxygen annealing. The electric-field dependence of the dielectric constant for both the as-grown and the post-annealed samples was studied by measuring the dielectric constants as a function of the biased-electric fields and their tunability was figured out from it at room temperature(27 $^{\circ}C$) and cryotemperature( -73$^{\circ}C$). Tunability for the as-grown sample was 51 % and the figure of merit 20.4 at 10kHz with the biased electric-field of 12 kV/cm. The tunability for the grown sample may be increased up to 80 % if the electric field of 25 kV/cm is applied. Tunability for the post-annealed sample was 41 % and the figure of merit 10.3 at 10 kHz with the biased electric-field of 12 kV /cm. Post-annealing improved the crystallinity of the as-grown sample but decreased its tunability.ability.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.796-804
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• 2010

It is important to use the comb type pilot allocation for the continuous channel and efficient processing. And DFT-spreading OFDM is used a lot to solve high PAPR problem of OFDM system. However, PAPR is increased again when comb type pilot is used to estimate channel characteristics. So, in this paper, we employ a new SLM method to DFT-spreading OFDM system to reduce increased high PAPR. And we suggest an effective method to transmit side information without additional bandwidth. Pilot and side information must be preserved from jamming or intentional interferences since those are very important in DFT spread OFDM system using SLM. So, in this paper, we like to analyze and simulate the performance of DFT spread OFDM system based on SLM against jamming signal. To remedy the vulnerable shortcomings of DFT spread OFDM about jamming or intentional interferences, we employ FH(Frequency Hopping) method and analyze system performance under the several jamming conditions such as MTJ(Multi Tone Jamming) and PBJ(Partial Band Jamming).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2010

We analyzed the relationships between the daily yield and quality of pine-mushroom to predict the annual production pattern and unit price of the mushroom with the records of pine-mushroom trade at Yeongdeok forestry cooperative's market for nine years (2000~2008). Although there were some exceptions due to extreme drought or extraordinary temperature, the production ratio of high quality (first and second grade) was more than 50% in early stage and decreased, while that of low quality (pileus opened and defected ones) showed increasing pattern after the production reached in peak. The ratio of high quality and that of low quality were reversed 1~9 days before the mushroom production reached the acme of daily yield, which allowed us to predict that the mushroom production would be decreased when the ratio of low quality overcomes that of high quality. The ratio of high quality preceded about 3~4 days prior to that of daily yield, and the mushroom yield showed significant correlations with the ratio of high quality mushroom prior to 3~4 days of the day with the coefficient larger than 0.5 (r=0.51 for 3 days and r=0.54 for 4 days). Thus, we concluded that the analysis of grade distribution of pine-mushroom at the market may provide a significant clue to predict production pattern of the mushroom. In addition, the price of high quality pine-mushroom showed clear negative correlations with the yield. Thus, the analysis may take a good role for the trading of pine-mushroom with providing information for predicting the price of pine-mushroom.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2004

Amitrole in environment, difficult to be analyzed by GC or GC/MS due to high polarity and low volatility, was analyzed by LC/ESI/MS in the study. Maximum peak intensity of amitrole in LC/MS/ESI mass spectrum is m/z 85 of protonated molecular ion $(M+H)^+$ with 30V of cone voltage at SIR mode. It was confirmed that ratios between main ion of amitrole, 85 of protonated molecular ion, and m/z 58 fragmented ion of amitrole, had increased corresponding with the increment of cone voltage from 20V to 70V. The isotope molecular weight of amitrole was $86([M+H])^+$ at LC/MS analysis and the mass spectrum ratio between 85 mass and 86 mass was not different by the change of concentration but similar to theoretical ratio(less than 10% standard deviation).The linearity of standard calibration curve under same condition with sample treatment method had $y=1.09354e^6X+26947.2$ and $r^2=0.99$. Recovery rates in water and soil samples were 77.64~83.44% and 71.11~79.44%, respectively. Reliability of the analysis was performed with 5 repeated measurements at each level of standard concentration and the result showed that relative standard deviation was less than 10%; therefore, the extraction and analysis method in the study suggested that it would be reliable to measure amitrole in water and soil media.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.470-475
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• 2004

The mercury film thin layer flow cell (MFTLFC) which yielded the highest sensitivity for the electrochemical reduction of doxorubicin was constructed by coating the glassy carbon working electrode (GCE; $A=0.208cm^2$) with $5{\mu}L$ of HgO coating solution (0.5% HgO + 0.25% polystyrene/cyclohexanone) and subsequently followed by applying a potential of -0.40 V for 300 sec in the flow stream of an acetate buffer of pH 4.5. The voltammogram of doxorubicin reached the diffusion current plateau at -0.53 V vs. a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) in the MFTLFC. The diffusion current (Id) of doxorubicin at the MFTLFC was 1.7 times greater than the Id obtained at the TLFC employing a bare glassy carbon working electrode. When the peak areas (electric charge) were plotted vs. concentrations of standard anthracyclines, the calibration factors of doxorubicin and daunorubicin were $1.12{\times}10^8{\mu}C/M$ (coefficient of determination; $R^2$: 0.969) and $0.98{\times}10^8{\mu}C/M$> ($R^2$: 0.999), respectively in the concentration range between $1.0{\times}10^{-8}M$ and $1.0{\times}10^{-6}M$.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.193-204
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• 2007

Deformation strength($S_D$) is a property which shows relatively good correlation with rut resistance of asphalt mixtures at high temperature. The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) is widely used as an equipment for estimating rut resistance of asphalt mixtures. The APA was used as corresponding property of the $S_D$ to estimate rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. Many data were collected to establish the correlation of $S_D$ with APA. For $S_D$ test, the specimen is submerged into the $60^{\circ}C$ water for 30 minutes before applying a vertical load at the speed of 50mm/min to obtain peak load (P) and deformation (y) for $S_D$ calculation. For the same materials, APA test was performed. Relation of the $S_D$ with APA rut depth was evaluated using regression analysis. The $R^2$ value was 0.76, indicating this simple test procedure being a possible method for predicting deformation resistance of asphalt concretes at high temperature. It was also shown that, using the regression model, minimum value(s) of $S_D$ of surface course asphalt mixture or binder course for a particular road level can be determined. The limit values may be possible to use as cut-off value(s) of asphalt mixtures for the layer after further elaborated studies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1987

To assess the analytic performance of immunoradiometric TSH assay (IRMA TSH), assay precision determined by intra and interassay variance, assay accuracy determined by dilution and recovery study, were evaluated by using two commercial kit $(Abott^{(R)}\;and\;Daichi^{(R)})$. Normal range of basal serum TSH and TRH stimulated TSH increment were also determined in 234 healthy subjects (male 110, female 124; age 20-70) and 30 voluteers (male 10, female 20; age 21-26). In addition, basal TSH levels of 70 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism, 50 untreated hypothyroidism, and 60 euthyroidism were measured to assess the clinical utility of IRMA TSH. The detection limit of IRMA TSH was 0.04 mU/l and 0.08 mU/l by Abott Kit and Daichi kit respectively. Using Abott kit, intra assay variance were 2.0, 3.1 and 1.4% in mean TSH concentration 2.4, 31.6 and 98.2 mU/l repectively and interassay variance were 2.0 and 3.2% in mean TSH concentration 2.3 and 31.3 mU/l. Mean recovery rate was 92.5% and dilution study showed nearly straight line. When Daichi kit was used, intrasssay variance were 5.6, 5.2 and 6.2% in mean TSH concentration of 2.4, 31.6 and 98.2 mU/l respectively and interassay variance were 7.1 and 7.4% in mean TSH of 2.3 and 31.3 mU/l. Mean recoveray rate was 89.9%. Normal range of basal TSH and TRH stimulated peak TSH were 0.38-4.02 mU/l and 2.85-30.8 mU/l repectively (95% confidence interval, Abott kit used). Sensitivity and specificity of basal TSH levels for diagnosing hypothyroidism as well as specificity for diagnosing hyperthyroidism were 100% by using both kit. Sensitivity of basal TSH level for diagnosing hyperthyroidism was 100% when TSH levels were measured by Abott kit while that was 80.9% when measured by Daichi kit. These results suggest that IRMA TSH was very precise and accurate method and might be used as a first line test in the evaluation of thyroid function.