• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.2427-2432
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• 2014

Color-$X^2$ is used as a method for scene change detection. It extracts a violent scene in an elevator and then could be used for real-time surveillance of criminal acts. The scene could be also used to secure after-discovered evidences and to prove analysis processes. Video Forensic is defined as a research on various methods to efficiently analyze evidences upon crime-related visual images in the field of digital forensic. The method to use differences of color-histogram detects the difference values of histogram for RGB color from two frames respectively. Our paper uses Color-$X^2$ histogram that is composed of merits of color histogram and ones of $X^2$ histogram, in order to efficiently extract violent scenes in elevator. Also, we use a threshold so as to find out key frame, by use of existing Color-$X^2$ histogram. To increase the probability that discerns whether a real violent scene or not, we take advantage of statistical judgments with 20 sample visual images.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the quality of pumpkin paste added with different starches during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. Pumpkin paste was evaluated for pH, carotenoid, syneresis, color values, texture, and sensory characteristics. The properties of the pumpkin paste were studied on three different starches (CON: control, MCP: cow pea starch, MMB: mung bean starch, and MSP: sweet potato starch). The initial pH of the pumpkin paste with starches were 6.13~6.16. The pH of pumpkin paste increased as the starches added increased. The carotenoid content of CON was higher in the pumpkin paste processing. The change of syneresis significantly increased with the storage period, and the amount of change of MCP and MMB added with starch was smaller than CON without the added starch. The Hunter's L-values of the pumpkin paste increased, whereas the a- and b-value decreased as the amount of starches added increased. The results of the textural analysis showed that the hardness of MCP and MMB was different from that of other pumpkin paste, showing a lower value such as 38.26 g, 38.93 g, while CON and MSP was 40.43 g and 42.49 g, respectively. A sensory evaluation indicated that starches could enhance the overall texture characteristics of pumpkin paste. In terms of the overall acceptance of the pumpkin paste, the experimental group with MCP scored the best.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.735-742
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• 2004

This study was conducted for the identification of pure Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds which are mainly maintained in Korea using DNA markers. We used known KIT and MC1R mutations, which were related coat color in pigs, and pig mitochondrial DNA variations. The KIT mutation was used to distinguish white and colored animals. Duroc breed could be discriminated from other colored breeds using the MC1R mutation N121D. Discriminating Landrace and Large White was possible using the l l-bp duplication of D-Ioop region and alternative initiation codon of ND2. In conclusion, identification of Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds was might be possible using the procedure designed in this study.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.618-626
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• 2014

The physicochemical characteristics and consumer perceptions of two Fuji cultivars (Fuji and Royal Fuji) with six different size groups (3D: 30~39, 4D: 40~49, 5D: 50~59, 6D: 60~69, 7D: 70~79, and 8D: 80~89 apples/15 kg) were investigated to identify the ideal size and the drivers of consumer acceptability of apples. For the physicochemical characteristics, the weight, volume, specific volume, L, a, and b colors, hardness, pH, acidity, and brix of apples were measured. A total of 100 consumers were asked to mark the intensity of the characteristics (size, redness, glossiness, surface roughness, apple odor, apple flavor, sweetness, sourness, hardness, crunchiness, and toughness) to determine the ideal characteristics of apples before they were asked to taste the apple products. The consumers evaluated the apple samples in terms of their appearance, odor, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability; the consumers' intent to purchase such apples and willingness to pay for them; and the intensity of the aforementioned characteristics. Compared to the ideal characteristics of apples, the actual apple samples were rated low in their apple odor, apple flavor, acidity, sweetness, hardness, and crispness. The ideal size of the apples was between 4D and 5D. Their overall acceptability was highly affected by their flavor, followed by their texture, odor, and appearance. The acceptability of the appearance was highly correlated with the glossiness (r = 0.80), volume, weight, redness (r = 0.73), and size (r = 0.72). The consumer acceptability of the apples increased with the decreased pH and the increased Brix, hardness, and color b values of the peeled apples. The apple flavor, sweetness, hardness, crispiness, juiciness, and toughness during mastication were noted as sensory drivers of consumer acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.757-761
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the content of phenolic compounds and their contribution to antioxidant activity in the seed coats, dehulled and whole black and yellow soybeans. The total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents were analyzed. FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays were carried out to determine the antioxidant activities. The 100-seed weight and color values were also analyzed. Black seed coats had significantly greater total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents as compared to whole beans, dehulled beans, and yellow seed coats. Moreover, black seed coats exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the samples, regardless of the utilized method. The antioxidant activities determined in all assays positively correlated with the total phenolic ($0.980{\leq}r{\leq}0.991$) and anthocyanin contents ($0.990{\leq}r{\leq}0.997$) as well as among themselves ($0.992{\leq}r{\leq}0.996$). It is anticipated that the information generated from this study will help support the development of soybean products for improving health.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.3 s.61
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• pp.321-331
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• 2000

Multiple 15-hue tests were designed and implemented on a PC in the study so as to quickly and quantitatively evaluate color vision acuity. Difficulty of the test was control)ed by the value of CDBACC (color difference between adjacent color chips) calculated using a CIELAB formula. The multiple 15-hue tests consist of eight of the hue tests (test 3-10) and three of the basic color (red, green, blue) tests (test 11-13). The 15 colors used for the hue tests were specified by the 15 color coordinates that were located at a constant distance (d = 2. 3. 5. 7, 10, 20, 30. 40) from white reference in the CIE chromaticity coordinate system and were separated by a constant color difference (CDBACC = 0.75, 1.1, 1.8. 2.5. 3.5. 7.5. 11, 14) from the adjacent chips. The color coordinates for the 15 chips for the basic color tests were the same as those of the 15 points spaced equally by a constant color difference (6.87 for the green color test. 7.27 for the red color test, 7.86 for the blue color test) from the white reference along the axis of red, green and blue. Thirty normal subjects who were not color blind were taken to undergo the multiple 15-hue tests. It was observed that most of the subjects correctly arranged color chips for the tests with CDBACC greater than 5, whereas no one correctly answered for those with CDBACC less than 2. Rapid changes in the number of the subjects correctly arranged took place when CDBACC of the tests was between 2 and 4.5. In the basic color tests, unlike the hue tests having similar values of CDBACC, it was seen that the subjects arranged color chips even less correctly. It was found that JNCD (just noticeable color difference) - a measure of color vision acuity was about 3 in average for the subjects. The JNCD was chosen as the value of the CDBACC of the test for which about $50\%$ of the subjects failed to successfully arrange color chips. ERCCA (error rate of color chips arrangement) for the test with CDBACC the same as the JNCD was shown to be about $20\%$. It is expected that the multi 15-hue tests implemented on a PC in the study will be an economical tool to quickly and quantitatively evaluate color vision acuity and, accordingly, the tests can be used for early diagnosis to massive potential patients suffering from diseases (ex. diabetes, glaucoma) which may induce changes in color vision acuity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

To evaluate the improving effects of antioxidant activity, we observed antioxidant capacities such as electron donating ability (EDA), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sensory characteristics on mixture of Smilax china L. root water extract added with water extract of fermented S. china L. leaf by Aspergillus oryzae (FSCL). Those contents of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL were proportionally high. And OD475 of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL was almost proportionally high ($R^2=0.9850$). Antioxidant capacities of EDA and FRAP of the mixture was higher than that of non-mixture. In addition, XO inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$) of A (1.19) was 59.80% higher than that of F (2.96), and the activity of mixture by the higher ratio of FSCL was proportionally low ($R^2=0.9490$). Taste acceptability of A was slightly higher than that of F, whereas that of C was highest. And color acceptability of 40-80% mixture was higher than those of A, F, and B. Overall acceptability of C and D was highest than those of others. Moreover, hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae was maroon color, which looks like Puerh tea style, and mixture of S. china L. root extract added with hot water extract of S. china L. leaf was high acceptability of beverage. These results suggest that mixture of extract of S. china L. root and hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae could improve antioxidant activities.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 1986

Sterigmatocystin bears a close structural relationship to aflatoxin $B_1$ and is a carcinogenic compound that has been shown to affect various species of experimental animals. Reaction and toxicity of sterigmatocystin in the artificial gastric juice were investigated. Sterigmatocystin was degraded in artificial gastric juice and extracted by the method of A.O.A.C. After cleaned up by silica gel column chromatography, this substance was detected and characterized by thin layer chromatography, UV, IR and mass spectra. It showed $R{\mathcal{f}}$ 0.4 and brick-red color by TLC. Especially, in the mass spectrum of it, fragment peak at m/e 327 was due to the loss of the $-CH_3$ and $-H_2O$, fragment peak at m/e 341 was due to the loss of the $H_2O$ and $-H^+$, and fragment peak at m/e 239 was due to the loss of the 2-chloro-tetrahydrofuran and methyl group from the parent molecule. Therefore, a degraded substance of sterigmatocystin reacted in artificial gastric juice (Sub. K) was estimated with additional formation of hydrochloric acid. In four-day-old chicken embryos, the mean lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ was $140\;{\mu}g/egg$, and 90 to 100% of the embryos were killed with 1 mg/egg. This $LD_{50}$ $140\;{\mu}g/egg$ compared with an $LD_{50}$ $14.69\;{\mu}g/egg$ for sterigmatocystin (acute toxicity) showed the substance to be much less toxic than sterigmatocystin.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.99-106
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an adaptive FEC scheme in visible light communication using white LED. To this end, we investigate the red, green and blue mixing ratio of white LED in order to achieve the white color, and the mixing ratio of those wavelength can be defined as 4 types. Based on those properties, the FEC technique is applied to the wavelength band with the lowest mixing ratio according to mixing ratio types. At that point, we use a LDPC channel coding scheme as the FEC technique. Therefore, the proposed system can mitigate the reduction of data rate and improve total BER performance.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

UBVI CCD photometry has been obtained for a region around the Wolf-Rayet star WR 12. We found two young stellar associations in the observed field: the nearer one comprises the field members of Vela OBI association at d = 1.8kpc, while the farther one is the young open cluster Bochum 7 (Bo 7) at d = 4.8kpc. The stars associated with Bo 7 showed no central concentration which suggests that Bo 7 is not a young open cluster but simply a local concentration in the density of young stars belonging to the OB association (Vel OB3). These two associations have similar ages but remarkably different mass function slopes ($\Gamma$ = -2.1 $\pm$ 0.3 for Vel OBI and -1.0 $\pm$ 0.3 for Bo 7). The stars in Vel OBI shows an evident age spread (${\Delta}T\~ 9Myr$). We also found two strong H$\alpha$ emission stars - WR 12 and $\sharp$1066 - from narrow band H$\alpha$ photometry.