• 천문학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2000

Many models of globular cluster formation assume the presence of cold dense clouds in early universe. Here we re-examine the Fall & Rees (1985) model for formation of proto-globular cluster clouds (PGCCs) via thermal instabilities in a protogalactic halo. We first argue, based on the previous study of two-dimensional numerical simulations of thermally unstable clouds in a stratified halo of galaxy clusters by Real et al. (1991), that under the protogalactic environments only nonlinear (${\delta}{\ge}1$) density inhomogeneities can condense into PGCCs without being disrupted by the buoyancy-driven dynamical instabilities. We then carry out numerical simulations of the collapse of overdense douds in one-dimensional spherical geometry, including self-gravity and radiative cooling down to T = $10^4$ K. Since imprinting of Jeans mass at $10^4$ K is essential to this model, here we focus on the cases where external UV background radiation prevents the formation of $H_2$ molecules and so prevent the cloud from cooling below $10^4$ K. The quantitative results from these simulations can be summarized as follows: 1) Perturbations smaller than $M_{min}\~(10^{5.6}\;M{\bigodot})(nh/0.05cm^{-3})^{-2}$ cool isobarically, where nh is the unperturbed halo density, while perturbations larger than $M_{min}\~(10^8\;M{\bigodot})(nh/0.05cm^{-3})^{-2}$ cool isochorically and thermal instabilities do not operate. On the other hand, intermediate size perturbations ($M_{min} < M_{pgcc} < M_{max}$) are compressed supersonically, accompanied by strong accretion shocks. 2) For supersonically collapsing clouds, the density compression factor after they cool to $T_c = 10^4$ K range $10^{2.5} - 10^6$, while the isobaric compression factor is only $10^{2.5}$. 3) Isobarically collapsed clouds ($M < M_{min}$) are too small to be gravitationally bound. For supersonically collapsing clouds, however, the Jeans mass can be reduced to as small as $10^{5.5}\;M_{\bigodot}(nh/0.05cm^{-3})^{-1/2}$ at the maximum compression owing to the increased density compression. 4) The density profile of simulated PGCCs can be approximated by a constant core with a halo of $p{\infty} r^{-2}$ rather than a singular isothermal sphere.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2017

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were $3.5{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were $1.4{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제14권
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• pp.101-110
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• 1996

Jar fermentor 배양에서 S. chibaensis J-59로 부터 포도당 이성화효소의 최적 생산조건을 확립하기 위하여 반응표면분석을 이용하였다. 실험계획은 중심계획합성법을 이용하였고, 3가지 실험요인으로는 공기주입량(vvm), 교반속도(rpm), 포도당의 농도(%)로 선별하였다. 요인실험의 결과로 회귀계수를 산출한 후 반응표면 회귀식을 구하였다. 효소 생산량의 변화에 대한 회귀식의 결정계수(R2)는 0.9776이였고, 분산분석의 F-ratio가 12.487이었으며, 이때 유의성(Prob>F)은 5% 이내로 인정되었다. 능선분석 결과, 효소생산 최대값은 공기주입량 2.227vvm, 교반속도 587.5rpm, glucose 농도 0.586%로 나타났으며 이때 반응표면 회귀식에 의해 추정하는 예상 효소활성은 7.67 단위로 나타났다. Jar fermentor 배양에서의 최적화 회귀식에 따라 1% birchwood xylan, 1.5% CSL, 0.1% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.012% $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, (pH 7.0)로 구성된 배지에 초기 pH를 7.0으로 조정하여 배양 종료까지 7.0을 유지하면서 공기주입량을 2.2vvm, 교반속도를 580rpm, glucose 농도를 0.586%로 하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 42 시간 배양하였을때, 실제 효소생산량은 7.43 단위로 상기 분석법에서 예상한 효소 생산량의 97%에 달하였고, 플라스크배양의 효소생산량 (2.78 GIU/ml)보다 약 2.7배 가량 효소생산이 증가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.904-911
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• 2019

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Methods: A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting [CL], 24 L:0 D and intermittent lighting [INL], 17 L:3 D:1 L:3 D)${\times}2$ light intensities (10 lx and 30 lx). A total of one thousand six hundred and eighty 1-d-old Lingnan Yellow broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (70 birds per replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results: Photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chickens (p>0.05). The INL had a significant effect on average daily feed intake (p<0.05) of broiler chickens compared with CL. Photoperiod and light intensity had an interactive effect on melatonin (MT) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, reducing light intensity increased MT concentration; INL birds had higher MT but MT concentration was not affected by light intensity. There was an interactive effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in serum and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in liver between photoperiod and light intensity. With the decrease of light intensity, the activities of GPx and CAT in serum and T-AOC in liver increased in CL group (p<0.05). Broiler chickens reared under INL had better antioxidant status and 10 lx treatments had higher activities of CAT in serum than 30 lx (p<0.05). Different photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on malondialdehyde. There was an interaction between photoperiod and light intensity on serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, the elevated light intensity resulted in an increase in CK content; INL birds had lower CK concentration especially in low light intensity group. Besides, INL and low light intensity significantly reduced the concentration of serum corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M contents were increased in broiler chickens reared under the INL compared with CL group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results above suggest that the night light regimen of INL and 10 lx could be beneficial to the broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age due to the better health status and electricity savings.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2024

In squat reinforced concrete walls, the displacement capacity for lateral deformation is low and the ability to resist the axial load can quickly be lost, generating collapse. This work consists of testing two squat reinforced concrete walls. One of the specimens is built with conventional detailing of reinforced concrete walls, while the second specimen is built applying an alternative design, including stirrups along the diagonal of the wall to improve its ductility. This solution differs from the detailing of beams or coupling elements that suggest building elements equivalent to columns located diagonally in the element. The dimensions of both specimens correspond to a wall with a low aspect ratio (1:1), where the height and length of the specimen are 1.4 m, with a thickness of 120 mm. The alternative wall included stirrups placed diagonally covering approximately 25% of the diagonal strut of the wall with alternative detailing. The walls were tested under a constant axial load of 0.1f'cAg and a cyclic lateral displacement was applied in the upper part of the wall. The results indicate that the lateral strength is almost identical between both specimens. On the other hand, the lateral displacement capacity increased by 25% with the alternative detailing, but it was also able to maintain the 3 complete hysteretic cycles up to a drift of 2.5%, reaching longitudinal reinforcement fracture, while the base specimen only reached the first cycle of 2% with rapid degradation due to failure of the diagonal compression strut. The alternative design also allows 46% more energy dissipation than the conventional design. A model was used to capture the global response, correctly representing the observed behavior. A parametric study with the model, varying the reinforcement amount and aspect ratio, was performed, indicating that the effectiveness of the alternative detailing can double de drift capacity for the case with a low aspect ratio (1.1) and a large longitudinal steel amount (1% in the web, 5% in the boundary), which decreases with lower amounts of longitudinal reinforcement and with the increment of aspect ratio, indicating that the alternative detailing approach is reasonable for walls with an aspect ratio up to 2, especially if the amount of longitudinal reinforcement is high.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2022

기후변화에 따른 산림생태계의 기능 변화를 파악하기 위해 산림생태계의 중요한 기능인 낙엽분해율과 미기상 요인과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 2017년 1월부터 48개월간 동사면과 서사면에 설치된 낙엽주머니를 통해 낙엽의 분해율을 분석하고 연구지소의 미기상요인(대기온도, 토양온도, 토양수분)을 관측하여 상관관계를 도출하였다. 48개월 경과 후 신갈나무 낙엽의 잔존율은 동사면과 서사면에서 각각 27.1±1.3%, 37.0±3.6%로 감소하였으며, 이에 따른 낙엽의 분해상수(k)는 동사면과 서사면에서 각각 0.33, 0.25로 나타났다. 신갈나무 낙엽의 초기 C/N비율은 38.5이었으며 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하여 48개월 경과 후 동사면과 서사면의 C/N비율은 각각 13.4, 16.7로 나타났다. 연구지소의 조사기간 동안 평균 대기온도 및 토양온도는 동사면과 서사면에서 각각 8.2±9.0, 9.1±9.3과 8.5±7.4, 9.3±7.3℃로 서사면에서 더 높게 나타났다. 토양수분의 경우, 동사면과 서사면에서 평균 19.4±11.0, 20.5±5.7%로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 연간 변화 양상이 다소 다르게 나타났다. 분석된 낙엽의 분해율과 미기상 요인과의 상관관계를 분석해본 결과, 동사면에서 낙엽분 해율과 토양수분이 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타나, 낙엽분해율은 토양수분량에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 기후변화에 따른 폭우, 폭설 등의 영향이 산림생태계의 기능에 미치는 변화에 대응할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

목적 : 골밀도검사의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 검사장비 및 검사자의 정밀도와 정확도는 환경에 따라 차이가 있기 때문에 질 관리가 체계적으로 이루어져야 한다. 골밀도 검사장비의 노화 및 잦은 고장에 의하여 장비의 교체 및 추가 구입으로 인하여, 추적검사를 하는 환자들의 호환성에 문제가 있다. 따라서 장비 교체 및 증설 후 동일한 장비처럼 호환하여 시용해도 환자의 임상적인 골밀도 변화를 정확하고 정밀하게 반영할수 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 장비 정밀도는 GE Lunar Prodigy Advance 2 대의 장비 (P1, P2)와 HOLOGIC Spine Phantom(HSP)을 이용하여 각 장비에서 20 번씩 스캔하여 팬텀을 이용한 정밀도 데이터를 획득하였고 (Group 1), 여성 120명 (평균나이 48.78, $20{\sim}60$세)을 대상으로 각 장비에서 15명씩, 같은 환자가 두 번 촬영을 하여 각 검사자의 정밀도를 측정했다(Group 2), 또한 검사자의 정밀도는 팬텀(ASP)을 이용하여 매일 아침마다 질 관리 시행후 얻은은 데이터를 기준으로, 각각의 장비에서 HSP를 이용하여 각 장비에서 20번씩 스캔 후 데�歷� 획득하여 검사자정밀도 및교차 보정 데이터를 산출하였고(Group 3), 여성 120명(평균나이 48.78, $20{\sim}60$세)의 동일 환자를 대상으로 한 장비에서 한 번씩 교차로 측정하여 검사자 정밀도 및 교차보정 데이터를 산추라였다(Group 4). 결과 : Daily Q.C Data는 $0.996\;g/cm^2$, 변동계수(%CV) 0.08로 안정된 장비로서 Group 1에서 Mean${\pm}$SD 및 %CV값은 ALP(P1: $1.064{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.190\;g/cm^2$, P2: $1.061{\pm}0.003\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.192). Group 2에서 Mean${\pm}$SD 및 %CV값은 P1: $1.187{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.164\;g/cm^2$, P2: $1.198{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.163, Group 3에서의 Mean${\pm}$2SD 및 %CV는 P1 - (spine: $0.001{\pm}0.03\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.94, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.019\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.96), P2 - (spine: $0.002{\pm}0.018\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.55, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.013\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.48), Group 4에서 Mean${\pm}$2SD 및 %CV는, r값은 spine: $0.006{\pm}0.024\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.86, r=0.995, Femur: $0{\pm}0.014\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.54, r=0.998이였다. 결론 : HOLOGIC Spine Phantom과 LUNAR ASP %CV는 ISCD에서 규정한 정상오차 범위인 ${\pm}2%$안에 모두 포함되었고 BMD가 비교적 일정한 값을 유지하면 측정되어 뛰어난 재현성을 보였다. 하지만 Phantom은 환자의 체중이나 체지방 조성의 변화 등 임상적인 부분을 반영하는 데는 한계성을 갖고 있어 mis-calibration을 check하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다. Group 3과 Group 4의 결과에서 환자를 하나의 장비로 두 번 측정한 값을 보았을 때와 두 대의 장비를 교차하여 측정한 값 모두 2SD값 이내에 포함되었고 선형회귀분석(Regression Analysis) r값이 0.99 이상으로 높은 정밀도와 상관도를 나타냄으로써 두 장비를 호환하여 추적검사를 시행하여도 영향이 없었다. 신뢰있는 BMD 산출을 위해서는 정기적으로 장비 및 검사자의 기능테스트와 이에 대한 적절한 교정행위가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1584-1592
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• 2000

Three hundred nursery pigs were used in two growth assays (avg initial BW of 6.5 and 6.0 kg, respectively) to determine the effects of sodium sulfite ($Na_2SO_3$) as an extrusion aid for soy products used in diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged as $3{\times}2$ factorial with main effects of soy product [soybean meal (SBM), extruded SBM, and dry-extruded whole soybeans (DEWS)] and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (0 and 10 g/kg of soy product). The extruded SBM and DEWS treatments were processed in a dry extruder ($Insta-Pro^{(R)} $, Triple F Nutrition, Des Moines, IA) with barrel temperatures and throughputs of $169^{\circ}C$ and 578 kg/h, and $147^{\circ}C$ and 598 kg/h, respectively. All diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14, and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 28. For d 0 to 14, there was a tendency for pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ to have greater ADG (p<0.08), and pigs fed SBM to have greater ADFI (p<0.02), thus pigs fed the extruded soy products has 15% greater gain/feed than those fed SBM (p<0.007). For d 14 to 28, there were no differences in ADG or gain/feed among pigs fed diets with SBM and those fed diets with the extruded soy products (p>0.15). However, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG than pigs fed extruded SBM, and pigs fed $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG and ADFI compared to those not fed $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.02 and 0.08, respectively). The positive response in ADG and gain/feed to the addition of $Na_2SO_3$ resulted with SBM and extruded SBM treatments, and not with DEWS (interaction effect, p<0.04). Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.08) than pigs fed extruded SBM. Also pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed compared to those fed diets without $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.002, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). Exp. 2 was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial with main effects of soy product (SBM and DEWS) and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (none, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg of soy product). As in Exp. 1, all diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 13, and 0.76% lysine for d 13 to 53. At a constant processing temperature (148 to $149^{\circ}C$, $Na_2SO_3$ increased throughput of the extruder (578, 595, and 602 kg/h for the 0, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg additions, respectively). For d 0 to 13, treatment had no effect on ADG or ADFI, but gain/feed decreased for pigs fed SBM with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$, and increased for pigs fed DEWS with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (SBM vs DEWS sulfite quadratic interaction, p<0.03). For d 13 to 35, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.001) than pigs fed SBM. Also, ADFI decreased and gain/feed increased with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (linear effects, p<0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Overall, pigs fed the diets with DEWS had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed SBM (p<0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and $Na_2SO_3$ tended to decrease ADFI and increase gain/feed (linear effects, p<0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, pigs fed DEWS had greater rate and efficiency of gain than pigs fed SBM. Also, adding $Na_2SO_3$ prior to extrusion increased yield and feed efficiency.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.191-205
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• 1995

토양(土壤) 병원성(病原性) 미생물(微生物)에 대한 길항력(拮抗力)이 강한 PGPR인 P. fluorescens SSL3과 B. subtilis B5를 배양(培養)하여 다양한 담체에 혼합접종(混合接種)하여 제제화(製劑化)한 다음 각 제제에 대한 보관온도에 따른 공시균주(供試菌株)의 생존율(生存率)과 siderophore 생성조건, 전자현미경 사진을 통한 제제내의 균체생육 환경을 조사하고 감자의 수량(收量) 및 원예작물(園藝作物)의 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향을 조사(調査)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제제의 저장온도(貯藏溫度)에 따른 공시균주의 생존율(生存率)은 $4^{\circ}C$의 경우 분말형(粉末形) 토탄/석회, 질석, 밀기울 제제에서 경시적으로 서서히 감소하였으며, $4^{\circ}C$ 보다는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 공시균의 감소 경향이 두드러졌으며, 분말형(powder)제제의 경우 5% skim milk를 영양원으로 처리한 경우 보존기간중의 균체 감소정도가 둔화되었다. 2. 병원성(病原性) 사상균(絲狀菌)인 F. oxysporum에 대한 공시균(供試菌) B. subtilis(B5)와 P. fluorescens(SSL3)의 혼합처리효과(混合處理效果)는 F. oxysporum에 대한 생육억제(生育抑制) 효과(效果)를 보이지 않았지만, R. solani에 대해서는 대조구에 비해 78.4%의 생육억제 효과를 보였다. 3. 전자현미경(SEM) 사진을 통한 제제내에서 공시균(供試菌)의 생육환경을 살펴본 결과 분말형 제제가 더 낳은 것으로 보이지만, 제제 자체가 다양한 미생물(微生物)들의 영양원으로 이용될 수 있는 경우 밀기울에서는 장기간(長期間)의 보존기간중(保存期間中) 타균(他菌)에 의한 오염(汚染)의 가능성이 있다. 4. 공시균(供試菌) P. fluorescens SSL3을 MKB 액체배지에서 48시간 생육시켜 원심분리(遠心分離)한 후 상징액을 취해 파장 220~600nm에서 scanning한 결과 Pseudomonas속 균(菌)들중 PGPR적 특징(特徵)을 갖는다고 알려진 pyoverdin과 pyochelin을 400nm와 300nm에서 peak를 확인할 수 있었다. 5. 공시균(供試菌) 혼합제제(混合製劑)의 오이, 토마토, 고추의 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향을 조사(調査)한 결과 공시작물 모두에서 토양, 밀기울과 구슬형 밀기울 제제가 뛰어난 생육촉진(生育促進) 효과(效果)를 보였다. 특히, 고추의 경우 토양, 질석, perlite에서 지상부(地上部), 지하부(地下部)의 신선중(新鮮重)과 건물중(乾物重) 증가 효과를 보였으며, 오이의 경우에는 CMC 처리구에서 지하부(地下部)를 87%의 생육촉진 효과를 보였다. 6. 감자의 생육(生育)과 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향중 일반종서(一般種薯)에 처리한 제제중에서 구슬형 제제 처리구가 분말형제제 처리구 보다 많은 22~29%의 증수효과(增收效果)를 보였으며, 조직배양(組織培養) 종서의 경우에 분말형(粉末形) 제제(製劑) 처리구가 가장 높은 30%의 증수효과를 보였다. 그리고 CMC제제 처리구에서는 B5 단독처리구가 대조구에 비해 22.9%의 증수효과를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.812-820
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted on 190 progeny (winter -74; summer -59; rainy -57) of 12 Grey Giant rabbits (10 female +2 males), to assess the effect of different seasons in a year, on their reproductive, growth and productive performances along with feed efficiency, under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions. The daily meteorological attributes recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons, and analysed were minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Various biological parameters recorded were doe weights at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, kit mortality, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, weekly body weight up to 98 d and weaner mortality. Individual weight gains, dressing percentages, meat weights, liver weights, raw-pelt weights, processed pelt weights and processed pelt areas at slaughter on d 84 and 98, respectively were also recorded. The feed and fodder compositions and their nutritive values during different seasons were also analysed. Average ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were $13.2{\pm}2.8$, $22.4{\pm}3.7$ and $24.8{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall for winter, summer and rainy seasons were $68.9{\pm}1.5$% and $48{\pm}26.6$mm, $66.3{\pm}4.8$% and $125.6{\pm}56.8$ mm, and $77.3{\pm}1.3$% and $116.3{\pm}90.4$ mm, respectively. The weight of doe at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth and litter size at weaning were comparatively higher whereas litter weight at weaning was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter as compared to summer and rainy seasons. The kit mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while the weaner mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during rainy season. At 84 d, the live weight per doe, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and liver weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than summer and rainy. Similarly, the gain in weight and meat weight at 84 and 98 d were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter. The weight of raw pelt and processed pelt were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while no difference in the area of processed pelts during different seasons could be observed. No difference in the biological performance could be observed between sexes in any of the seasons. Roughage analysis revealed comparatively higher crude protein percent and lower crude fibre percent during summer and rainy seasons than in winter. The roughage dry matter intake was comparatively higher during summer and rainy seasons vis-a-vis constant amount of concentrate supplied during all the three seasons. The digestibilities of dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) lower, whereas that of crude fiber, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were negative during winter. Interestingly, the feed:gain was exceedingly well during winter than in other seasons and it is concluded that it was the best season for production of rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions.