• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.625-645
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• 2018

This paper's objective is to draw a decision guideline to continue research and development (R&D) investments in biotech start-ups facing the "Valley of Death" syndrome - a long negative profit period during a financial crisis. The data include financial indices as Net income, Revenues, Total stockholders' equity, Cash & equivalents, and R&D expenses of 18 major biotech companies (nine in negative profit and nine positive, in FY2008) and 15 major pharmaceutical corporations as benchmarks both in FY2008 and in FY2016 derived from the US SEC Database, EDGAR. A first methodology dealing with real options analysis assumes Total stockholders' equity as a growth option. And a second methodology, Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, is applied to test the probability relationship between the Total stockholders' equity and the R&D expenses in these three groups. This study confirms that Total stockholders' equity can play the role of a call option to support continuing R&D investments even in negative profits.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2017

The purpose of this case study is to understand the sustainability practices of knowledge transfer process at the Malaysian government-industry-academia consortium. At this stage in the research, the R&D consortium is defined as an established entity by two or more organizations that pool resources and shared decision making for cooperative research and development activities. In attempts to understand the formation, outcomes and sustainability of the sustainable knowledge transfer process, this paper conducted a systematic literature review based on Gough, Oliver and Thomas systematic reviews protocol. From the review, the data were enriched and enhanced with a better understanding of sustainable knowledge transfer process. The systematic review resulted in identifying six factors including internal and external perspectives. However, key sustainability factors are not only directly influencing KTP, and the consortium, but are also mediated by other organisational variables.

• 사료
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• 통권71호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2014

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.342-362
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• 2022

The national R&D project is a major strategy for the development of science and technology in the country. This is promoted for the purpose of improving the welfare of the people, such as creating jobs and fostering small and medium-sized enterprises, through the results of science and technology research conducted with support from the national budget. Therefore, analysis of the performance evaluation and budgeting system of the current national R&D project is one of the essential parts of preparing a system improvement plan. This study derived improvement plans through a comparative analysis of national R&D project performance evaluation and budget systems in Korea and leading countries such as the United States and Japan. As a result, it was confirmed that it may be difficult to derive innovative research results due to the lack of sustainability and a short period of time to require quantitative performance. To overcome these difficulties, the need for system improvement as follows was suggested. First, it is necessary to enlarge and prolong national R&D projects. Second, a plan for securing sustainability is needed in consideration of the main characteristics of each research field. Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between organizations in charge of national R&D projects. And also, there is a need for a system that can continuously identify problems and improve the system. In addition, the constitutional amendment will be necessary to separate science and technology from economic development, which states that Article 127, Paragraph 1, "Science and technology should be subordinated to economic development," which is the science and technology article of the current constitution.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

우리나라는 현재 통합 재난안전 관리체계를 구축하고 있으나 구축과정에서의 시행착오와 재난관리의 미비점들로 인해 여전히 국내 재난안전관리에 대한 우려가 되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 재난 및 안전관리에 있어서 함께 논의되고 있는 지속가능성과 레질리언스 개념을 고려하여 현재의 국가 통합 재난안전 관리체계를 개선하기 위한 정책적 방향을 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 지속가능성 및 레질리언스를 제고하기 위한 원칙들, 즉 다양성과 가외성, 상호연결성, 완속 변수/요소 제어, 시스템적 접근, 학습 및 피드백, 적극적 참여 등을 바탕으로 국내 통합 재난안전관리의 개선방향을 검토 및 논의하였다. 이는 국가 통합재난안전관리 역량 및 체계를 강화하고 지역사회의 지속가능성과 레질리언스를 제고하기 위한 전략 및 정책, R&D를 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

This study is an attempt to explore the nature and characteristics of strategic impact of green strategy by environmental capital, corporate reputation, and technology strengths on the firm's performance across countries. The main question addressed in this paper relates to how corporate sustainability, corporate reputation, technology strength, and capabilities influence the firm's economic performance with respect to diverse dimensions of performance measures including sustained growth through the leading firms across countries in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia-Pacific countries. Particularly, this study attempts to empirically explore the directions and magnitudes of the operational links between new emerging strategic core competencies (e.g., sustainability green strategy by environmental focus for more sustainable path, corporate reputation by corporate social responsibility and image enhancement, and technology strengths to develop a new product and market) and the firm's economic performance with respect to diverse dimensions of performance such as accounting (ROE and EOA) - and market-based performance (Market value and Tobin's q). Considering all possible limitations that might exist with regard to selected samples and methods, this study demonstrates that environmental sustainability, corporate reputation, technological capabilities and competencies through R&D intensity and patent are most likely to be significantly associated with most market-based performance measures, but the strategic significance of other variables such as capital intensity, leverage, and administrative cost efficiency on performance tends to be different depending on which performance measure is used across different countries with diverse economic and business contexts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1334-1340
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• 2009

Sufficient food supply for all humans was, is, and will remain one of the main priorities for mankind. The choice between food from crops or animals is related to philosophical, religious and ethical, but also cultural and economical, values. However, the concept of sustainable agriculture takes into account the organization of food supply through future generations. Not only quantity, but also quality is important, especially in relation to food safety and the method of production. Specifically, the aspect of animal welfare is becoming increasingly important with the focus on stewardship and stockmanship, i.e. responsibility of humans for their animals. In the future, implications for sustainability in animal production may be of more concern to stewardship paired by stockmanship, responsibility, consciousness and morality. The moral as a basic concept of sustainable agriculture is to maintain continuous development in harmony with nature to meet requirements in the world for living creatures including human beings to live in and steward. The objective of this paper is to discuss the above issues from different viewpoints on sustainable food supply, increasing food consumption and environmental protection.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.386-403
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• 2016

Biofuels produced from biomass can be substituted for petroleum fuels due to GHG reduction, sustainability and environmental friendly. The process technologies that convert biomass into biofuels are varied and depend on the feedstocks. Microalgae are considered to be one of the most promising alternative source to the conventional feedstocks for biofuel. Microalgae can be converted to biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and biojet fuel via thermolchemical and biochemical production technologies. This reviews discusses recent advance in understanding the effects of the characteristics of various processes on the production of biofuels using microalgae. The performances of microalgae based biofuel are compared.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

이 연구는 '사회적 도전과제 대응과 지속가능한 발전을 지향하는 출연(연)으로의 전환'의 관점에서 출연(연)의 변화를 논의한다. 이를 위해 출연(연)에서 이루어지는 사회문제 해결형 연구개발을 전환실험으로 파악하여 그것의 진행과정을 살펴본다. 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 방식을 활용해서 시스템 전환의 틀에서 출연(연)의 사회문제 해결형 연구개발에 대한 인식, 연구개발의 진행과정, 그 문제점과 대응방향을 검토했다. 인터뷰 결과를 요약하면, 현재 전환의 필요성이 논의되고 전환실험이 소규모로 진행되고 있지만 아직 기존 틀에서 실험들이 진행되고 있다. 전환을 촉진하기 위해서는 출연(연) 내부로부터 진행되는 전환실험과 비전 형성작업이 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

Microbial oxidoreductive systems have been widely used in asymmetric syntheses of optically active alcohols. However, when reused in multi-batch reaction, the catalytic efficiency and sustainability of non-growing cells usually decreased because of continuous consumption of required cofactors during the reaction process. A novel method for NADPH regeneration in cells was proposed by using pentose metabolism in microorganisms. Addition of D-xylose, L-arabinose, or D-ribose to the reaction significantly improved the conversion efficiency of deracemization of racemic 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol to (S)-isomer by Candida parapsilosis cells already used once, which afforded the product with high optical purity over 97%e.e. in high yield over 85% under an increased substrate concentration of 15 g/l. Compared with reactions without xylose, xylose added to multi-batch reactions had no influence on the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the key step in deracemization, but performed a promoting effect on the recovery of the metabolic activity of the non-growing cells with its consumption in each batch. The detection of activities of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from cell-free extract of C. parapsilosis made xylose metabolism feasible in cells, and the depression of the pentose phosphate pathway inhibitor to this reaction further indicated that xylose facilitated the NADPH-required deracemization through the pentose phosphate pathway in C. parapsilosis. moreover, by investigating the cofactor pool, the xylose addition in reaction batches giving more NADPH, compared with those without xylose, suggested that the higher catalytic efficiency and sustainability of C. parapsilosis non-growing cells had resulted from xylose metabolism recycling NADPH for the deracemization.