• STI Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2018

This study analyzed the effect of the government R&D subsidy program on long-term firm survival. In order to estimate the average treatment effect for the treated group, we used the survival analysis and matching method by constituting a comprehensive dataset of more than 90,000 observations. The analysis results show that the government R&D subsidy has a negative impact on long-term firm survival. In particular, not only the subsidy does not have a statistically significant effect on firm survival in the relatively short-term, the survival probability of the subsidized firms is statistically significantly lower than the non-subsidized firms after six years. These results can be seen as weakening the justification of government R&D support. There may be problems in the subsidy policy itself and the process of selection of subsidy awardees; however, the more fundamental problem is that the subsidy policy is concluded as the one-time event. Admittedly, it would be difficult for the government to precisely manage the subsidized projects over a long term period. However, in the case of a project in which short-term performance is detected, it would be necessary to provide a step-by-step support to strengthen the firm's competitiveness through further support and continuous development of performance. Of course, mid- and long-term evaluations of subsidy support policy should be performed in parallel with such phased support.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

It has been pointed out that the shortage of the Korean science and engineering workforce is a key issue in enterprises' competitiveness. The Korean government has conducted various surveys and research projects to determine the current situation and its causes. Nevertheless, the surveys report different results, and, to date, very few in-depth studies have been conducted on the factors that lead to such a shortage. This study aimed at investigating the factors that cause the shortage of the science and engineering workforce by looking at a recent survey on the actual employment conditions in manufacturing and major service industries. The study also estimated the determinant factors, based on the results of a survey conducted on 5,967 enterprises. Particularly, the probability of the workforce shortages are defined as a logistic probability function, which includes a diverse number of explanations that represent the characteristics of an enterprise and its internal demand conditions on workforce. The findings showed that key determinants include not only the factors that have been recognized by previous studies, but also research propensity and competitiveness aw well as the enterprises' internal demand conditions on human resources. In other words, an enterprise is more exposed to the problem of workforce shortage when it performs its R&D more proactively and its innovative activities are more organized. It has been further analyzed that the R&D and internal demand variables are more eminent to the shortage problem on skilled workers, which proves the shortage of workforce is not only caused by the quantitative aspect but also hold qualitative aspect characterized by skill obsolescence and mismatch in the labor market.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.175-201
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• 2004

In industrialised countries, innovation is a key source of economic growth. Research is a key driver of technological innovation and involves the process of systematic investigation and/or experimentation to discover new knowledge. The Governments' industry innovation policy supports a business focus on Research and Development (R&D) through a range of programs in order to achieve these aims. The Innovation Statement (DISR 2000, 20010, launched by the Australian Prime Minister in January 2001, commits an additional $\$3$ billion over five years to encourage and support innovation. The Australian Government aims to build world competitive firms and strong research capability in industry to strengthen Australia's international competitiveness and increase national prosperity. It develops policies and programs to enhance investment in innovation. The Australian Government has establisher a number of R&D funding support programs aimed at increasing the level of R&D in Australia. The backbone of these programs is the tax concession program, which is made up of the 125 per cent R&D tax concession, the 175 per cent premium tax concession and the tax offset. Over 4000 businesses take advantage of the tax concession scheme, which costs the government around $\$400$ million a year. This cost is expected to rise to over half a billion by 2005-06 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). Ensuring these resources are invested where they provide significant national economic benefits is a major policy issue. In this sense, this paper looks at the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the R&D tax concession with costs and benefits analysis.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.385-400
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• 2008

This study investigates how Korean Land Spatialization Group (KLSG) has controlled and managed its own R&D effectively and what particular elements have made it practical. Korean Land Spatialization Program (KLSP) has produced large amounts of practical outcomes for the intelligent land by collaborative 5 core research projects. The well-harmonized cooperations between proving ground, practical business model, and services oriented integration and others have driven the KLSG to an succeedable management. The active role for practicality is prominent with its usefulness and competitiveness. KLSP is financially and administratively supported from Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs of Korea (MLTM). By investigating relationships between 5 core research projects involved in the R&D projects of KLSG, it has been found out that R&D projects of KLSG bring forth practicality and commercialization. The results of this study presents strategies of KLSP in conducting research for practicality and commercialization of GIS technology and integrated geospatial information.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

This paper proposes various policies for improving the process of performance analysis on R&D expenditure of the public funds in the Korean ICT industry. In order to do so, this paper figures out the present issues relating to performance indicators, methodologies for performance evaluation, release and comparison of evaluation results, follow-up study, integrated management system for performance analysis in ICT industry. In this paper, we suggest some new policies such as consulting an expert for improving performance indicators, maintaining the pre-determined performance indicators, introducing the qualitative performance indicators for measuring effectiveness, adopting the new methodologies reflecting R&D characteristics, introducing the new performance index for comparing annual performance, requiring follow-up study for major ICT R&D, introducing the independent and temporary organization for R&D performance analysis in ICT industry. In conclusion, these new policies will raise effectiveness and efficiency of the government R&D expenditure in ICT industry as well as strengthen the industry competitiveness.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.400-429
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• 2008

Global R&D environment is entering on more complicated aspect gradually and tends to increase sharply in a quantitative manner. Technology competition is getting higher. This study intends to raise recognition of a necessity of productivity in a rapidly-changing R&D field and to suggest alternatives for improving its research productivity. For it, the research productivity was analyzed by utilizing two processes of patent analysis and paper analysis. According to the analysis result, it can be confirmed that Korea has the low research productivity compared to advanced countries such as USA and Japan. Government-supported research institute showed the relatively low research productivity, compared to foreign research institutes. It is confirmed that the company research institute has better research productivity than the government-supported research institute. Analyzing the present situation of research productivity through such the patent and paper analysis, seems to contribute to suggest how the research must be done in order to identify the factor of hampering the competitiveness acquisition and to improve the future R&D productivity.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2019

The Korean economy has undergone growth based on manufacturing end products. The Korean government aims to advance industry by strengthening the materials and components industry, which is attracting more attention in terms of maintaining the competitiveness of existing key industries, and fostering new industries required in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Despite this importance, there is insufficient related research on the efficient R&D of the materials and components industry. This study analyzed the R&D efficiency. In addition, exploratory research was conducted on the impact of corporate size and type of cooperation on R&D efficiency. Output variables were set to reflect economic performance and the empirical analysis revealed that overall R&D efficiency is low. Small firms were found to perform better than large firms in terms of firm-size, and the efficiency of business-university-research cooperation is worse than other types of cooperation. This study is exploratory research considering the materials and components industry, and the results provide implications for research institutions and regarding types of cooperation. This is expected to help develop polices for qualitative growth and R&D strategies for investment and allocation.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 2021

This study explores differential value implications of R&D expenditure across firms, especially in terms of growth potential of small businesses. Analyzing Korean listed firms for the period from 1982 to 2014, we document the followings. First, large firms, defined as the top quintile group based on market capitalization, have spent higher R&D expenditure compared to small (bottom quintile group) and medium (middle quintile groups) firms and the difference between groups has enlarged over time. Relatedly, the persistence of R&D spending, measured by the association between current R&D expenditure and cumulative future R&D expenditure over the next five years, is lowest in small firms. Second, R&D of large (small) firms are more (less) likely to generate operating profits over the next five years. Additional analyses suggest that the relation between R&D and gross margin is strongest in large firms, suggesting that R&D underlies their competitiveness in the product market. Third, small firms have borne the highest uncertainty related to R&D investment proxied by the association between current R&D and volatility of future earnings. As a result, the likelihood of R&D leading to future patents is also lowest in small firms. Fourth, the probability of moving up to the next size group within the next five years is significantly lower in small firms than others. Finally, we find that the divergence in R&D expenditure between large and small firms is positively associated with product market concentration. Overall, our findings confirm the small business growth trap in relation to R&D investment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.53-71
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• 2014

This study analysis the current status and policies of Korean Medium Sized Enterprises, and compared with those of U.S and Germany Recently the number of Korean Medium Sized Enterprises is highly increased. But the average sales, employment, and export which can be the indicator for growth were decreased, particularly the decrease of R&D intensity was remarkable. There are 3 policies suggestions necessary to accelerate growth of Medium Sized Enterprises. First, reform the system for Medium Sized Enterprises to grow their activity. There need to direct support as well as arrange governmental regulation. Second, need to increase R&D aid for enhance innovative competence of MSE. Lone-term continuous support for R&D is most import for promoting competitive Medium Sized Enterprises. And the lastly, for successful supporting policy there need to modify the comprehensive criterion for present Medium Sized Enterprises.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-233
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• 2019

In Korea, small and medium sized domestic enterprises(SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.9% of all enterprises, 87.9% of total employment, and 48.3% of production. and SMEs was driving a real force of the development of national economy in many respects such as innovation, job creation, industrial diversity, balanced regional development. Despite their crucial role in the national development, most of SMEs suffer from a lack of R&D capabilities and equipments as well as funding capacity. Public R&D institutes can provide SMEs with valuable supplementary technological knowledge and help them build technological capacity. so, In order to effectively support SMEs, government and public R&D institutes must be a priority to know about the factors influencing the performance related to technology transfer and technological collaborations. In particular, SMEs are not only taking up a large portion of the national economy, but also their influence in politics and economy so strong that raising the competitiveness of small and medium-sized companies is a national policy goal that must be achieved in order to achieve sustained economic growth. For this reason, it is necessary to look specifically at the relationship between concepts such as the environment, strategy, and organizational culture surrounding the enterprise to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs. The paper analyzes 665 companies to find out which organizational culture affects their performance by classification and type of business of SMEs. This study demonstrated that when SMEs seek consistency in their external environment, strategies, and organizational structure to maintain their continued competitiveness. According to three-way analysis of variance (3-way ANOVA) indicates that classification of industries in SMEs has statistically significant main effects, but the type of business and organizational culture do not have significant effects. However, the company's organizational performance (operating profit) of SMES were found to differ significantly in comparison between groups according to classification standards of industries, and therefore adopted some parts. In addition, an analysis of the effect of interaction between the three independent variables of small and medium-sized enterprises has shown that there are statistically significant interaction effects among classification, types of business, and organizational cultures. The results shows that there is an organizational culture suitable for each industry classification and type of business of an entity, and is expected to be used as a basis for establishing promotion policies related to the incubation and commerciality of small and medium-sized venture companies in the future.