• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2017

양이온 계면활성제는 살균력을 가지고 있으며 이를 개발하기 위한 연구는 다양한 산업분야에서 계속 진행되고 있다. 단순히 우수한 성능을 가질 뿐만 아니라 생분해성이 우수한 계면활성제를 개발하기 위한 연구는 증가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Michael addition 반응을 통하여 ester-type의 양이온 계면활성제를 합성하였다. 실온에서 촉매없이 alkyl acrylate와 1차 아민을 가지는 화합물을 합성한 뒤 dimethyl sulfate 로 4차화시킨다. 2개의 소수기와 한 개의 친수기를 갖는 HQ21과 2개의 소수기와 2개의 친수기를 갖는 HQ22를 합성하였다. 이들 합성화합물은 1H-NMR, HR-MS 와 FT-IR로 구조를 확인하였으며 생분해성을 측정하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 1994

원자 흡수 분광법과 용매추출을 이용한 크롬의 정량분석 조건을 연구하였다. tertiary amine류 중 octy기를 갖는 trioctylamine(TOA)과 quaternary ammonium salt류 중 octyl기를 갖는 trioctylmethylammonium chloride(TOMAC)가 음이온 교환기로 사용되었다. 또한 첨가되는 산의 종류와 산의 농도 변화에 따라서 원자 흡수 분광기를 이용하여 흡광도를 측정하였다. TOA 사용시 염산의 농도가 0.1M에서 0.3M 사이, TOMAC 사용시 염산의 농도가 0.03M~0.1M 사이에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내었다. 산이 첨가된 MIBK에 용해된 TOA나 TOMAC와 Cr과의 mole 농도 비율이 1:1 이상이 된 것이 최대 추출 효율을 보였다. 추출과정을 검토한 결과, 본 실험에서 사용된 방법은 비슷한 다른 방법들과 비교하여 보면 크롬이 추출 효율이 좋은 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2020

낮은 표면저항값과 높은 투과도가 요구되는 LCD용 대전방지필름에 사용할 수 있는 무색상을 지닌 대전방지제를 개발하였다. 리튬 불소계 화합물과 4차 암모늄염 중에서 전기전도도를 바탕으로 대전방지 물질을 선정하고 대전방지제를 제조하여 표면저항값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 대체적으로 전도도가 높은 물질이 비교적 낮은 표면저항값 즉 상대적으로 양호한 대전방지 성능을 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 선정된 대전방지 물질을 중심으로 최적의 대전방지제를 제조하는 배합비를 실험계획법을 통하여 수립하고 각 인자들이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대전방지 물질로 사용한 리튬 불소계 화합물의 사용량이 많을수록, 상대적으로 다관능기를 갖는 올리고머의 사용비율이 높을수록 표면저항값이 작게 나타났다. 4차 암모늄염은 리튬 불소계 화합물의 대전방지 성능을 증가시켰으나 사용량에 따른 영향은 상대적으로 크지 않았다. 대전방지용 PET 필름을 제조한 후 특성을 평가한 결과 낮은 표면저항값(<10⁹ Ω/sq.) 및 높은 투과도(>92%), 낮은 헤이즈(<0.5%) 및 높은 백색도(L^⁎>95)를 나타내었다. 또한 고온 고습의 조건하에서도 10% 이내의 안정적인 표면저항 변화율을 보임으로서 대전방지필름의 신뢰도가 아주 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

In organic chemistry amide synthesis is performed through condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine with releasing one equivalent of water via the corresponding ammonium carboxylate salt. This method is suffering from tedious processes and poor atom-economy due to the adverse thermodynamics of the equilibrium and the high activation barrier for direct coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Most of the chemical approaches to amides formations have been therefore being developed, they are mainly focused on secondary amides. Direct carbonylations of tertiary amines to amides have been an exotic field unresolved, in particular direct carbonylation of trimethylamine in lack of commercial need has been attracted much interests due to the versatile product of N,N-dimethylacetamide in chemical industries and the activation of robust N-C($sp^3$) bond in tertiary amine academically. This review is focused mainly on carbonylation of trimethylamine as one of the typical tertiary amines by transition metals of cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and palladium including the role of methyl iodide as a promoter, the intermediate formation of acyl iodide, the coordination ability of trimethylamine to transition metal catalysts, and any possibility of CO insertion into the bond of Me-N in trimethylamine. In addition reactions of acyl halides as an activated form of acetic acid with amines are reviewed in brief since acyl iodide is suggested as a critical intermediate in those carbonylations of trimethylamine.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1994

In order to develop a $^{18}F$-labelled myocardial perfusion agent(flow tracer) for PET, $^{18}F$-labelled organic ammonium cations were synthesized and evaluated in relation to their biodistribution. Five quaternary organic ammonium compounds were labelled with $^{18}F$ in a side chain with moderate to good yields by direct introduction of $^{18}F$-fluoride. Radiochemical yields have been achieved in 30-40min by the precursors (tosylates) in dimethylsulfoxide 15-60% (decay corrected). The reaction was found to be autocatalyzed. A remote controlled procedure was developed in these synthesis. $^{18}F$-Labelling and HPLC-purification of com-pounds needed about 60 min(Yield; 7-20%). Up to now the two compounds N-4-[$^{18}F$]fluorobutyl-pyridinium cation(1) and N, N dibenzyl-4(2-[$^{18}F$]fluoroethyl)piperidinium cation(2) were investigated in relation to their biodistribution in mice. Compound 1 showed at 1 min post injection the high uptake of 19.22% ID/g organ in the myocardium but a following fast decline to 1.12% ID/g organ after 40min. Uptake of compound 2 was after 1min in the heart 5.90% ID/g organ but after 40min at the relative high value of 4.33% ID/g organ. Heart:blood ratio for compound(1) at 1 min was 8.3, at 40 min 2.6 for compound II 2.0(1min) and 15.0(40 min). As data of compound 2 showed greater heart uptake, slower myocardial release, and higher heart: blood ratios, compound 2 is a good candidate for further evaluation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1995

A selective and highly sensitive spectrophotometric measurements have been developed for the determination of trace mercury(II) with thiosulfate and PAR. Hg(II)-thiosulfate complex was extracted into high molecular alkylamine such as quaternary ammonium salt and back extracted into 1 M-HCl solution. The Hg(II)-PAR complex has maximum absorbance at 499 nm and obeys Beer's law in the range of 0.04~1.0 $\mu g/mL$ of mercury(II). The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are $6.27\times 10^4 L.mole^{-1} cm^{-1}$ and $3.2\times 10^{-3}g/cm^2$ respectively.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

To be dyed with cationic Berberine, the cotton fiber was modified with reactive anionic agent. The Berberine, a natural cationic colorant of pure yellow, is the major component of Amur Cork tree extract and also can be employed as a natural antimicrobial agent due to its characteristic of cationic quaternary ammonium salt. By LC/MS analysis, it became obvious that the Berberine was contained in Amur Cork tree extract as a major color component. The adsorption of the Berberine on the cotton fabrics pretreated with the anionic agent was greatly increased comparing to that of untreated fabric. Because the anionic agent was colorless, it did not cause unintended color change of the dyeings. The dyed fabric with the Berberine has strong antimicrobial activity showing 99.5% of reduction of bacteria against Staphylococcu aureus.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2009

New polyelectrolytes derived from poly(amide-sulfone)s and 1,5-dibromopentane were simultaneously fabricated on the electrode by the crosslinking reaction. The substrate was pretreated with a bromoalkyl-containing, silane-coupling agent to anchor the humidity-sensitive membrane to the substrate through the covalent bond. When the resistance dependence on the relative humidity of the crosslinked poly(amide-sulfone)s was measured, the resistance varied by three orders of magnitude between 20%RH and 90%RH, which was the required RH range for a humidity sensor operating at ambient humidity. Their water durability, long-term stabilities under various environments, hysteresis and response and recovery times were measured and evaluated as a humidity-sensing membrane.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-11
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• 2001

Fundamental studies at the CSIRO division of Wool technology and ICI on the diffusion of dyes into wool〔1,2〕have let to development of a new approach to wool dyeing. In this method, the cell membrane complex of wool is modified before dyeing by treatment under mildly alkaline conditions with a special chemicals. Wool pretreated with ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt has an increased rate of dyebath exhaustion and dye penetration early in the dyeing cycle. This enables the treated material to be dyed below the boil for a similar time to the conventional cycle. This technique can be used on untreated and shrinkresist-treated wool and wool/nylon blends. In addition to good macro-levelness and excellent coverage of tippiness, the low temperature dyeing process give higher exhaustion levels of dyestuffs and insect-resist agent and hence cleaner effluent liquors, compared with conventional dyeing process. Low Temperature Dyeing process cause significantly less fiber damage than conventional way. The reduction in damage is reflected in improved processing performance of the dyed wool.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2001

The polymers with various composition of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) with n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) were synthesized as a humidity sensitive material and quaternized with 1.5-dibromopentane. Resistance versus relative humidity decreased with increase in the content of n-BA in the copolymer. The introduction of HPMA increased the resistance of the humidity sensor as well as enhanced the adherence to the alumina substrate. In the case of 4-VP/n-BA/HPMA=80/10.10, the hysteresis and temperature coefficient were $\pm$2%RH and -0.42∼0.46%RH/$\^{C}$. The average resistance at 30%RH, 60%RH and 90%RH are 3.1㏁, 155 ㏀ and 7.9 ㏀, respectively.