• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

A simple random sample is taken from a population and a particular survey item is subject to nonresponse that corresponds to random subsampling of the sampled values within adjustment cells. Our object is to estimate Bayesian probability interval of the population mean.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.791-812
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• 2011

This is a survey on American options. An American option allows its owner the privilege of early exercise, whereas a European option can be exercised only at expiration. Because of this early exercise privilege American option pricing involves an optimal stopping problem; the price of an American option is given as a free boundary value problem associated with a Black-Scholes type partial differential equation. Up until now there is no simple closed-form solution to the problem, but there have been a variety of approaches which contribute to the understanding of the properties of the price and the early exercise boundary. These approaches typically provide numerical or approximate analytic methods to find the price and the boundary. Topics included in this survey are early approaches(trees, finite difference schemes, and quasi-analytic methods), an analytic method of lines and randomization, a homotopy method, analytic approximation of early exercise boundaries, Monte Carlo methods, and relatively recent topics such as model uncertainty, backward stochastic differential equations, and real options. We also provide open problems whose answers are expected to contribute to American option pricing.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a tailored program based on the Transtheoretical Model to smoking cessation in high school girls. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. The participants were 35 industrial high school girls who have been smoking. The girls were allocated to an experimental group(18) and a control group(17) by randomization. For intervention, the experimental group received the group smoking cessation program and individual program which tailored according to the stage of change. A common group smoking cessation program was given to the control group. Data were collected before the program, immediately after and 4 weeks after the program was completed and were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA. Result: In the experimental group, the daily smoking amount, nicotine dependency and decisional balance(Pros) score were significantly decreased and the self-efficacy score were significantly increased at one month after the intervention in comparison with before and immediately after it. The decisional balance(Cons) and processes of change score of the experimental group were significantly increased at immediately after the intervention and one month after it in comparison with before it, and at one month after it in comparison with immediately after it. A significant difference in the daily smoking amount, urine cotinine, nicotine dependency, decisional balance(Pros, Cons) and processes of change score between the both groups was found after one month of intervention. Conclusions: The tailored smoking cessation program was more effective, compared to the common smoking cessation program on smoking behavior, self-efficacy, decisional balance, processes of change. This program can be used for favorable changes in high school girl's smoking behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

Purpose: It is critical that evidence from research is applied to everyday nursing practice to improve the quality of care and health outcomes. Aims of this study were to review high-risk infant related studies published in major nursing and non-nursing journals in Korea and to assess the quality of intervention studies. Methods: Through the Korean literature search engine of RISS.KR the authors identified 132 studies, and two researchers evaluated each of these studies using the analysis criteria. The quality of intervention studies was assessed using the van Tulder Scale. Results: Among the studies, 40.2% were either thesis or dissertation and 86.4% were quantitative studies. Convenience sampling was the most commonly used sampling method. All experimental studies were quasi-experiment except one pre-experiment study. Sensory stimulation and kangaroo care were the most common interventions for high-risk infants. Over half of the intervention studies were assessed to be "low risk of bias" but both randomization and blinding processes were not adequately satisfied in most of the studies. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that high-risk infants are more likely to be recruited for experimental studies but types of interventions were very limited. To provide evidence-based care for high-risk infants, rigorously conducted experimental studies should be encouraged.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.96-114
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• 1994

This study was carried out to describe and analyze experimental studies conducted in graduates nursing degree. Of 170 experimental studies conducted during the past three decades between 1962 and August 1991, 150 studies were available, including 124 master’s and 26 doctoral theses. This study examined their general characteristics and detailed research methods using percentiles. The results were as follows 1. Most of the studies adopted a quasi-experimental design. 2. The subjects of the studies were chosen by convenience sampling except for two studies whose subjects were drawn by randomization. Studies comparing experimental and control groups were in the highest proportion and the most frequent sample sizes of each group were 21 to 30 for both experimental and control groups. 3. As to measurement, physiological measures were most frequent followed by psychsociological measures and active report questionnaires. Each study, on average, adopted two kind of measurement tools. Studies in which the data collection period was of 1~2 months were in the highest pro-portion. 4. All doctoral theses and 67.0% of master’s theses examined specific research hypotheses. Of these studies, the results of 92.5% supported the hypotheses. 5. Parametric statistics were the major analytical methods. In particular, t-test was used most frequently followed by Chi square, F-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. 6. Patients were the most frequent study subjects. Frequent nursing interventions were information and education followed by support, distraction, and nursing treatments. 7. With regards to the dependent variables, “feelings” such as anxiety, pain, and depression were most frequent. In addition “exchanging” such as restoring, metabolism, cardiopulmonary function, infection and vital signs were adopted as the dependent variables in 29.1％ of the studies examined, while 12.3% of the studies selected “choosing” such as stress, health behavior, or role performance.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.204-217
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• 1987

It is generally accepted that the delivery of health care is undergoing many changes specially those related to acute, contagious disease care and to the increase of chronic illnesses which can not be cured but are controlable. The health care practitioner can not be soley responsible for the control of their clients' care. Because the clients will play a vital role in controlling their illnesses, long term participation by both the health care provider and the client is necessary. Since most individuals with hypertension do not experience signs or symptoms, the disease is difficult to detect and even when diagnosed, clients do not comply well with their hypertension regimens. The noncompliant client is at increased risk for compliants involving the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. In an effort to explore methods of increasing patient participation in and adherence to treatment programs for hypertension, the researcher used health contracting to promote self care. The research questions are; 1) Will the health contracting increase compliance in health behavior and reduce the blood pressure\ulcorner 2) If clients comply with their regimens will this reduce their blood pressure\ulcorner The research design utilized in this study was a quasi-experimental design. A purposive sample, was abtained from two churches in the 1. area, consisting of 64 clients with hypertension. The data was collected from the middle of January to the 1st of September 1985. Randomization was only of the two church groups into experimental and control groups. Compliance with health behavior related to the hypertensive regimen, blood pressure and body weight were measured, compared and analyzed. In the experimental group measurements were made 6 times; one month before the education program after education program when health contracting was done and 4 more times once a month for 4 months. In the control group measurements were made 3 times; one month before the education program after the education program, and once 4 months later. There was no health contracting. The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA according to purpose of the study. The result of this study may be summarized as follows: The result related to the hypothesis on the effect of health contracting are as follows: H$_1$; “The hypothesis that the experimental group, with a health contractual agreement will demonstrate increased compliance levels for health behavior than the control group” was supported(t＝-5.29, df＝62, p＝.000). H$_2$; “The hypothesis that the experimental group, with a health contractual agreement, will demonstrate a greater reduction in blood pressure than the control group” was supported (for systolic blood pressure t＝2.72, df＝62, p＝.009, for diastolic blood pressure t＝1.95, df＝62, p＝.050). H$_3$; The hypothesis that the greater the compliance of the client with health behavior the lower the client's blood pressure will be was partially supported (for systolic pressure r＝-.2981, p＝.008, for diastolic pressure r＝-.1720, p＝.087). From the examination of the results of this study it can be concluded that the interaction between the nurse and the client, contracting to define goals and reinforcing compliant behavior, leads to improved compliance with health care behaviors and thus to an increase in the effectiveness of nursing care. Further consideration need to be given to the inclusion of the concept of health contracting in primary nursing and to further research in this area.