• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2017

To successfully create a low-carbon landscape in order to become a low-carbon city, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of artificial greening's resources on a multi-scale. Additionally, the effects of carbon storage should be quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study is to simulate and evaluate the changes in carbon storages of artificial ground trees using system dynamics throughout a long-term period. The process consisted of analyzing the dynamics of the multi-scale carbon cycle by using a casual loop diagram as well as simulating carbon storage changes in the green roof of the Gangnam-gu office building in 2008, 2018, 2028, and 2038. Results of the study are as follows. First, the causal loop diagram representing the relationship between the carbon storage of the artificial ground trees and the urban carbon cycle demonstrates that the carbon storage of the trees possess mutual cross-scale dynamics. Second, the main variables for the simulation model collected 'Biomass,' 'Carbon storage,' 'Dead organic matter,' and 'Carbon absorption,'and validated a high coefficient of determination, the value being ($R^2$=0.725, p<0.05). Third, as a result of the simulation model, we found that the variation in ranking of tree species was changing over time. This study also suggested the specific species of tree-such as Acer palmatum var. amoenum, Pinus densiflora, and Betula platyphylla-are used to improve the carbon storage in the green roof of the Gangnam-gu office building. This study can help contribute to developing quantitative and scientific criteria when designing, managing, and developing programs on low-carbon landscapes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.470-482
• /
• 1995

The Ulchin 3&4, which are 2825 MWt PWRs, adopted Safety Depressurization System (SDS) to mitigate the beyond design basis event of Total Less of Feedwater(TLOFW). In this study the results and methodology of the analyses for the determination of SDS bleed capacity are discussed. The SDS design bleed capacity has been determined from the CEFLASH-4AS/REM simulation according to the following design criteria : 1) Each SDS flow path, in conjunction with one of two High Pressure Safety Injection (HPSI) pumps, is designed to have a sufficient capacity to prevent core uncovery if one SDS path is opened simultaneously with the opening of the Pressurizer Safety Valves (PSVs). 2) Both SDS bleed paths are designed to have sufficient total capacity with both HPSI pumps operating to prevent core uncovery if the Feed and Bleed (F&B) initiation is delayed up to thirty minutes from the time of the PSVs lift. To verify the results of CEFLASH-4AS/REM simulation a comparative analysis kas also been per-formed by more sophisticated computer code, RELAP5/MOD3. The TLOFW event without operator recovery and TLOFW event with F&B are analyzed. The predictions by the CEFLASH-4AS/REM of the transient too phase system behavior are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with those by the RELAP5/MOD3 simulation. Both of the results of analyses by CEFLASH-4AS/REM and RELAP5/MOD3 have demonstrated that decay heat removal and core inventory make-up can be successfully accomplished by F&B operation during now event for the Ulchin 3&4.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.55-89
• /
• 2017

This study suggests future directions or approaches as to how we should appraise qualitative studies by reviewing previous studies on this topic written in English and published outside of Korea. This study explored experiences and perspectives of qualitative researchers in Korea by conducting a focus group discussion on this topic. Results of this focus group discussion indicated that qualitative researchers often face manuscript reviewers who are overly biased with quantitative paradigm which result in feeling of frustration. They also shared feeling burdened and confused as reviewers due to their own lack of training and preparedness in reviewing qualitative articles. However, participants also stressed the feeling of gratitude and being rewarded because of the experience of mutual growth and partnership with peer qualitative researchers as they strive towards improving the quality and completion of peer researchers' work. Previous studies on this topic included wide range of issues concerning qualitative research appraisal from reflections on the experiences as submitters and reviewers of qualitative studies to academic conceptual papers that discussed researchers' dilemma on research paradigms and qualitative research appraising methods. This study ends with suggestions for the future directions for qualitative researchers in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2021

Background: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been used to treat patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, the effect of therapies in cancer patients has yet to be investigated comprehensively. We hypothesized that cyclic thermal therapy would improve blood flow and microcirculation and improve the symptoms driven by CIPN. Methods: The criteria of assessment were blood volume in region of interest (ROI) in the images, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 20 questionnaire scores. The blood volume was quantified by using red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy. All patients were treated 10 times during 10 days. The thermal stimulations, between 15° and 41°, were repeatedly delivered to the patient's hands. Results: The total score of the questionnaires, the score of questions related to the upper limbs, the score of questions closely related to the upper limbs, and the score excluding the upper limbs questions was decreased. The blood volume was decreased, and the variance of blood volume was decreased. During cooling stimulation, the blood volume was decreased, and its variance was decreased. During warming stimulation, the blood volume was decreased, and its variance was decreased. Conclusions: We suggest that cyclic thermal therapy is useful to alleviate CIPN symptoms by blood circulation improvement. RBC scintigraphy can provide the quantitative information on blood volume under certain conditions such as stress, as well as rest, in peripheral tissue.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.741-750
• /
• 2021

School violence has long been recognized as a social problem, and various efforts have been made to prevent it. In this study, we propose a system that can prevent school violence by analyzing data on the frequency of conversations between students, friendship and preference to be in the same group. This data was quantified using a Likert scale questionnaire, and also grouped into the appropriate number of clusters using the K-means algorithm. Additionally, the homeroom teacher observed the frequency and nature of conversations between students, and targeted specific individuals or groups for counseling and intervention, with the aim of reducing school violence. Data analysis revealed that the teachers' qualitative observations were consistent with the quantified data based on student questionnaires, and therefore applicable as quantitative data towards the identification and understanding of student relationships within the classroom. The study has potential limitations. The data used is subjective and based on peer evaluations which can be inconsistent as the students may use different criteria to evaluate one another. It is expected that this study will help homeroom teachers in their efforts to prevent school violence by understanding the relationships between students within the classroom.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2021

This review aims to identify the virtual reality (VR)-based home modification programs and provide basic data for the future development and application of domestic VR-based home modification programs. We collected the studies of academic publication or conference, symposium addressed VR-based home modification from January 2011 to June 2021 using hand searching and databases such as Medline, Embase, and Scopus. A total of 7 studies were selected through selection criteria, and the studies were quantitative and qualitative studies on the development of VR prototype for home modification and the acceptability and usability of the programs. VR-based home modification have been developed and applied for various purposes for stakeholders involved in home modification. It can be used as the tools for fostering experts in home modification, evaluating the home environment remotely, and facilitating communication and collaboration with the stakeholders in the modification process. In the future, studies on development and feasibility of VR-based home modification program reflecting the characteristics of domestic housing should be conducted, and it is expected to be utilized as a tool to support the home modification process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.682-689
• /
• 2018

In this paper, the stability criteria of cosmeceuticals emulsion containing Broussonetia kazinoki extracts was established using the central composite design model. As optimization conditions of the emulsification using the central composite design model, concentrations of the emulsifier and emulsion stabilizer were used as a quantitative factor while emulsion stability index (ESI) and polydispersity index (PDI) were used as a reaction value. The targeted values of ESI and PDI were estimated as over 60% and the minimum number, respectively. Optimized concentrations of the emulsifier and emulsion stabilizer were 3.73 and 3.07 wt%, respectively, from the emulsification optimization based on ESI and PDI values. The estimated reaction values of ESI and PDI were 60% and 0.585, respectively. As concentrations of the emulsifier and emulsion stabilizer increased, the stability of the emulsion prepared tended to increase. The emulsifier was one of the most influential factors for ESI than the emulsion stabilizer. On the other hand, the PDI value was similarly affected by both the emulsion and emulsion stabilizer. The ESI of the cosmeceuticals emulsion prepared under experimental conditions deduced from the central synthesis planning model showed at least about 45% of the stability. However, all of the emulsions were separated after 4 weeks from the initial preparation. When the concentration of the emulsifier was more than 3.72 wt%, the ESI value was over 60%. Also the layer separation rate decreased with increasing the emulsion stabilizer concentration.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.369-389
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Ryodoraku diagnosis and three pattern identification questionnaires, namely, Spleen Qi Deficiency, Stomach Qi Deficiency, and Food Retention in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Methods: Forty FD patients who met the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for FD participated in this study. The Ryodoraku test was conducted, and three pattern identification questionnaires were filled up by all patients. The average Ryodoraku score was called total average (TA), and the scores on the Ryodoraku points were measured. The degree of Spleen Qi Deficiency, Stomach Qi Deficiency, and Food Retention was assessed by Spleen Qi Deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), and Food Retention Questionnaire (FRQ). Results: The TA scores in the SQDQ patient group were lower than those in the SQDQ control group (p=0.091). The TA scores in the SSQD patient group were higher than those in the SSQD control group (p=0.651). The TA scores in the FRQ patient group were lower than those in the FRQ control group (p=0.851). The scores on the LH5, RH5, and RH6 points were significantly lower in the SQDQ patient group than in the SQDQ control group. However, no significant difference was found in the Ryodoraku scores among the other groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that the low TA and low Ryodoraku scores on the LH5, RH5, and RH6 points could be a quantitative indicator to diagnose Spleen Qi Deficiency in FD patients in a simpler manner. Larger studies on the Ryodoraku test in FD patients, the health control group, and other pattern identification groups are required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.131-143
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trend of the dementia prevention program in the elderly. Between 2000 and 2018, the Korean Research Information Service (Riss), Google Scholar Search, DBpia, Korea Academy of Science Information (Dissemination Prevention), Dementia Prevention Program, Dementia, The purpose of this study was to investigate the dementia prevention program for the elderly. Based on the analysis criteria and methods of the 404 papers, 36 papers were finally selected. The results of this study are as follows: First, as a result of analysis of the basic structure of the research data and program implementation structure, And, when applied quantitative research method, 25 cases showed a much higher tendency. As a result of analyzing trends of the implementation structure of dementia prevention program for the elderly, 11 were the most in the nursing home (elderly welfare hospital), and the proportion of elderly women was higher than that of male elderly. 65 years of age or older. Second, as a result of analyzing the type of intervention program for dementia prevention program, Third, the Korean version of the MMSE-K tool, which measures cognitive function, is the most frequently used dementia prevention program measurement tool and the result of analysis of effectiveness, Significant improvement in cognitive function. The results of this study suggest that the prevention of dementia for the elderly should be avoided from a fragmentary program and improve the cognitive function, mental behavior and lifestyle of the elderly, improve the healthy aging and quality of life, Suggesting that a program is required.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2019

Intake ratio from river constitutes about 31% (8/26) that beings to "water stress country" as "Medium ~ High" with China, India, Italy, South Africa, etc. Therefore, the present study on a dam that is the most effective and direct for securing water resources has been performed. First of all, climate change scenarios were investigated and analyzed. RCP 4.5 and 8.5 with 12.5 km grid resolution presented in the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) were applied to study watershed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and HEC-ResSim models that carried out co-operation. Based on the results of dam simulation, the reduction effects of floods and droughts were quantitatively presented. The procedures of dam projects of the USA, Japan and Korea were investigated. As a result, there are no estimating quantitative criteria, calculating methods or formulas. In the present study, therefore, indexes for selecting suitable dam site through literature investigation and analyzing dam watersheds were determined, Expert questionnaire for various indexes were performed. Based on the above mentioned investigation and expert questionnaire, a methodology assigning weight using AHP method were proposed. The function of suitable dam (FSDS) site was calibrated and verified for four medium-sized watersheds. Finally, automated model for suitable dam site was developed using FSDS and 'Model builder' of GIS tool.