• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

The aim of this work is to verify the self-quality assurances in medical institutions in Korea through the external audits by the group of experts and have a mutual discussion of the systematic problems. In order to validate the external audits 30 of 80 medical institutions across the nation were picked out considering the regional distribution and the final 25 institutions applied voluntarily to take part in this work. The basic rules were setup that any information of the participants be kept secrete and the measurements be performed with the dosimetry system already verified through intercomparision. The outputs for 2 or more photon beams, the accuracy of gantry rotation and collimator rotation and the poistional accuracy of MLC movement were measured. The findings for the output measurement showed the differences of -0.8%~4.5%, -0.79%~3.01%, and -0.7%~0.07% with respect to that of the verified dosimetry system for the 6MV, 10MV, and 15MV, respectively. For the reference absorbed dose 8 (16%) of 50 photon beams in 25 medical institutions differed 2.0% or greater from the reference value. The coincidences of Field size with x-ray beam and radiation isocenters of Gantry roration and collimator rotation gave the results of within ${\pm}2$ mm for every institute except 2 institutions. The positional accuracy of MLC movement agreed to within ${\pm}1$ mm for every institute. For the beam qualities of 6 MV photon beams kQ values showed the distribution within 0.4% between maximum and minimum. For the protocols 21 institutions (84%) used absorbed dose to water based protocol while 4 insitutions (16%) used air kerma based one. 22 institutions employed the SSD technique while 3 institutions did the SAD one. External audit plays an important role in discovering the systematic problems of self-performing Quality Assurances and having in depth discussion for mutual complementation. Training experts of international level as well as national support system are required so that both the group of experts of medical physicists and government laboratory could perform together periodical and constant external audits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1229-1238
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the relationships of five intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated ${\gamma}3$ subunit [PRKAG3], fatty acid synthase [FASN], calpastatin [CAST], high mobility group AT-hook 1 [HMGA1], and melanocortin-4 receptor [MC4R]) and meat quality traits of Duroc breeding stocks in Korea. A total of 200 purebred Duroc gilts from 8 sires and 40 dams at 4 pig breeding farms from 2010 to 2011 reaching market weight (110 kg) were slaughtered and their carcasses were chilled overnight. Longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from the carcass after 24 h of slaughter and used to determine pork properties including carcass weight, backfat thickness, moisture, intramuscular fat, $pH_{24h}$, shear force, redness, texture, and fatty acid composition. The PRKAG3, FASN, CAST, and MC4R gene SNPs were significantly associated with the meat quality traits (p<0.003). The meats of PRKAG3 (A 0.024/G 0.976) AA genotype had higher pH, redness and texture than those from PRKAG3 GG genotype. Meats of FASN (C 0.301/A 0.699) AA genotype had higher backfat thickness, texture, stearic acid, oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid than FASN CC genotype. While the carcasses of CAST (A 0.373/G 0.627) AA genotype had thicker backfat, and lower shear force, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid content, they had higher stearic acid content than those from the CAST GG genotype. The MC4R (G 0.208/A 0.792) AA genotype were involved in increasing backfat thickness, carcass weight, moisture and saturated fatty acid content, and decreasing unsaturated fatty acid content in Duroc meat. These results indicated that the five SNP markers tested can be a help to select Duroc breed to improve carcass and meat quality properties in crossbred pigs.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.731-739
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• 2007

In this study, water quality monitoring focused on TOC was performed at 5 points in Mihocheon (Stream) from January to December 2006. And 10 parameters (water temperature, pH, DO, EC, turbidity, SS, BOD, $PO_4-P$, TOC, TN) were monitored every month for one year. According to this study, TOC increased towards the lower stream (#4~#5). Correlation coefficients between TOC and DO, EC, turbidity, SS, BOD, $PO_4-P$, TN were -0.126, 0.351, 0.320, 0.286, 0.711, 0.525, 0.666. TOC was highly related to BOD. As a result of linear regression analysis, regression equation between BOD and TOC was BOD=0.58TOC+1.90 ($R^2=0.506$). In Mihocheon (Stream), BOD/TOC ratio decreased towards the lower stream. This results show decrease of ratio of biodegradable organic material to total organic pollutants towards the lower stream. This study is significant since it has revealed the potential value of TOC as organic material indicator for inquiry of water quality characteristics in the natural water system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 1996

Lipid composition was compared among rice varities such Dongjin, Jinmi and Tamjin as high, medium and low sensory quality, respectively Total and purified lipid contents of Jinmi were 1.7~2.2 times higher than those of Dongjin and Tamjin, and the lipid contents had not showed a tendency in the rice varieties with different sensory quality Dongjin of high sensory quality had high contents as 9.2~13.5% of neutral lipid and 3.1~4.7% of phospholipid, and low content as 12.3~18.2% of glycolipid compared with Jinmi and Tamjin of medium and low sensory quality. The rice varieties had not showed a tendency as a difference of sensory quality in compositions of neutral and phospholipid. As the sensory quality increased in the rice varieties, monogalactosyl diglycerides, steryl glycosides had high contents as 0.4~19.24% and 14.4~17.1%, and esterified steryl glycosides, celebrosides and digalactosyl diglycerides had low contents 15.3~28.1%, 1.2~5.7% and 2.8~3.8%, respectively, in glycolipid. Fatty acid composition also had no tendency as a difference of sensory quality of the rice varities in compositions of neutral and phospholipid. Palmitic acid, however, had a high content as 0.4~22.6% and linoleic acid had a low content as 5.0~12.0% in fatty acid composition of glycolipid.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 1994

(Zr, Sn)TiO4 powders were prepared in 0.05~0.13 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ by coprecipitating (Zr4+, Ti4+)hydroxide on SnO2 particles and followed by calcination at 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. They sinter to 95% of relative density at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. and shows dielectric constant, $\varepsilon$r=37.5 and quality factor, Qxf(GHz)=46,000. With 3 mol% of ZnO it sinters to rel=97.5%, $\varepsilon$r=39 and Qxf(GHz)=40,050 at 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 h., but raising sintering temperature to 140$0^{\circ}C$ deteriorates quality factor, relative density and microstructure with developing second phase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.326-337
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary intake and to evaluate patient satisfaction toward the quality of hospital foodservice. Questionnaires were distributed to 203 hospitalized patients in 3 hospitals having 300 beds. The intake rates for served amounts of rice, side dishes, and soup were 72.5%, 68.2%, and 62.6%, respectively. The main reasons for left-overs were 'no appetite' (25.8%) and 'not salty enough' (19.9%). The rate of patients eating outside food was about 33.5%. The average score for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics was 3.34 ${\pm}$ 0.61, and the average score for quality satisfaction of sanitation and service characteristics was 3.58 ${\pm}$ 0.61. 'Seasoning' showed the lowest score and 'temperature' showed the highest score for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics. In the quality satisfaction of sanitation and services, 'explanation of meals' showed the lowest score and 'exactness of meal times' showed the highest score. The patients hospitalized for 10 days showed significantly lower average scores than those hospitalized over 60 days for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics. The patients with 'little appetite' and 'regular appetite' showed significantly lower average scores than those with 'much appetite' for the quality satisfaction of meal, sanitation, and service characteristics. The patients who 'rarely had leftovers' showed significantly higher average scores than those who 'always had leftovers' and 'often had leftovers' for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics. Meal characteristic scores were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.216), length of admission (r = 0.310), appetite (r = 0.251), leftovers (r = 0.233), and intake of soup (r = 0.205). Also, sanitation and service characteristics scores were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.327), education (r = -0.202), length of admission (r = 0.168), and appetite (r = 0.155). Thus, it would seem to be desirable that hospital foodservices improve the taste and seasoning of meals and provide appropriate nutrition education and counseling in mid-sized hospitals.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to understand the correlations between life stress, sleep quality, and mental health in nursing college students. Method : This study was conducted on 315 nursing college students in B City between April 1stand30th, 2017. The collected data were processed using SPSS 22.0 and were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t-tests, an ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : Nursing college students showed means of $2.36{\pm}0.54$ points in life stress, $1.03{\pm}0.41$ points in sleep quality, and $2.95{\pm}0.57$ points in mental health. The analysis of correlations between life stress, sleep quality, and mental health in nursing college students showed a statistically significant positive correlation between life stress and sleep quality (r = .432, p < .001). In addition, statistically significant negative correlations were found between life stress and mental health (r = -.589, p < .001) as well as between mental health and sleep quality (r = -.301, p < .001). Discussion : Replication studies with larger numbers of subjects are required. Based on the present study, systematic studies on factors affecting life stress, sleep quality, and mental health are also necessary. Moreover, programs should be developed to reduce life stress as well as improve sleep quality and mental health.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the needs for hospice care and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected from 127 cancer patients hospitalized at a university hospital in Chonbuk between October, 2006 to March, 2007. Two instruments were used: cancer patients' need for hospice care, developed by Kang and Kim and quality of life developed by Tae et al. Results: The mean scores were 3.11 out of 4 for hospice care needs, and 5.25 out of 10 for quality of life. The correlation between needs for hospice care and quality of life was moderate and negative (r=-0.395, P<0.01). Among the four groups of needs, physical need was the most strongly correlated with quality of lifer (r=-0.388, P<0.01). The need for hospice care was significantly different according to participants' religion (t=6.02, P<0.05), and duration of disease (F=3.45, P< 0.05). Quality of life was significantly different according to participants' monthly income (F=3.38, P<0.05). cancer stage (F=8.10, P<0.01) and chemotherapy (t=6.09, P=0.015). Conclusion: The results suggested that the cancer patients' hospice care needs should be answered in order to improve their quality of life. While doing so, participants' characteristic need should also be considered.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate of instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) and quality of life and their relationships between the elderly. Data were collected from 150 elderly home residents. The data were collected from December 1st to December 20th, 2000. Structured questionnaires developed by Lawton & Brody and by Ro were adopted to measure IADL and Quality of life. Data were analyzed for percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA and Parson correlation coefficients using the SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of the level of IADL was $20.68{\pm}2.98$ ($M{\pm}SD$) with a range of 7-26. 2. The average score of the level of Quality of life was 2. $96{\pm}0.25$ ($M{\pm}SD$). In the average score of each lower area, highest score was 3.22 for neighbor relationship and family relationship and then 3.00 for self-esteem, 2.95 for economic status, 2.86 for emotional status, and 2.85, lowest score, for physical condition and function. 3. Comparing IADL and Quality of life with general characteristics, IADL showed that there were significant difference in age(t=2.927, p=0.036) and separated children contact frequency(t=2.482, p=0.046), while Quality of life showed that there were significant difference in spouse existence(t=2.334, p=0.021), religion(t=4.089, p=0.008), family style(t=3.285, p=0.040), children number living together(t=5.332, p=0.006), communication with separated children frequency(t=4.129, p=0.003), and separated children contact frequency(t=3.908, p=0.005). 4. There was also significant positive correlation between IADL and Quality of life. The above results show that neighbor relationship and family relationship which have greatly an influence on IADL and Quality of life are very important. The elderly should be helped to satisfy their basic desire and show their potential living together with the younger generation interdependently without being isolated from family and society. Therefore, the nursing strategy that enhance IADL and Quality of life are needed and the nursing strategy that can improve IADL and Quality of life of Elderly Home Residents should be developed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1314-1321
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• 2016

We conducted this 10-wk experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary phytoncide, Korean pine extract as phytogenic feed additive (PFA), on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs ([Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire]${\times}$Duroc, body weight (BW) = $58.2{\pm}1.0kg$) were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their BW and sex, 10 replicate pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen were used (2 barrows and 2 gilts). Dietary treatments were: CON, control diet; PT2, CON+0.02% PFA; PT4, CON+0.04% PFA; PT6, CON+0.06% PFA. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was higher in PT4 (p<0.05) than in PT6, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was lower in PT6 than in CON (p<0.05). Besides ADFI decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide and gain:feed ratio in PT4 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON treatment. During 5 to 10 weeks and overall, quadratic (p<0.05) effect was observed in ADG among the treatments. At the end of this experiment, pigs fed with PT4 diet had a greater (p<0.05) red blood cell concentration compared to the pigs fed CON diet. Water holding capacity increased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide supplementation. Moreover, firmness, redness, yellowness, and drip loss at day 3 decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increase in the level of phytoncide supplementation. In conclusion, inclusion of phytoncide could enhance growth performance without any adverse effects on meat quality in finishing pigs.