• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.145-170
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to clarity the concept of health insensitivity using Hybrid model, which consists of three phases： theoretical, empirical, and analytic. In the theoretical phase, the definitions of health insensitivity were searched in korean dictionary and examples used in the websites because the concept of health insensitivity has never been studied before. Two dimensions of health insensitivity emerged out from this investigation were cognitive and behavioral. And then a working definition of health insensitivity was established. The sub-concepts and related factors of health insensitivity were identified through the extensive reviews of the literature focusing on two dimensions of cognitive and behavioral. In the empirical phase, in order to obtain description of health insensitivity, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with nine persons who are not related to professional health care. Grounded theory approach was applied to analyze these qualitative data. In the final analytic phase, theoretical results and empirical results were analyzed in the integrated way and a theoretical framework of health insensitivity was established. A refined definition of health insensitivity was that decreased health risk perception in cognitive dimension and conduction of the unhealthy behaviors in behavioral dimension. Sub-concepts of decreased health risk perception were optimistic bias and decreased general fear. Sub-concepts of unhealthy behavior were doing health threatening behavior and not doing desirable health behavior. The contact of health information was a causal condition of health insensitivity. Optimistic disposition, health locus of control, and avoidance coping style were intervening conditions of health insensitivity. Three types of health insensitivity were identified： unconcern or ignorance type, optimistic bias type, and cognitive dissonance type. Finally, The implications of these findings for further research and nursing practice are discussed.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.636-648
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• 2008

Purpose: The smoking rates among teenagers in Korea grow gradually since 1980s despite of the numerous programs for youth smoking prevention and cessation have been developed and implemented. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the processes of habituating to smoking among teenagers using the grounded theory methodology. Method: Qualitative data was collected via six focus group interviews. A total of 38 people, twelve teachers and 24 middle school students participated in this study. All focus group interviews were tape-recorded. transcribed. and analyzed according to the grounded theory methodology. Results: The overriding theme of the elicited grounded theory was "stepping into a quagmire by a merest chance". The student participants began smoking by a simple chance. The contingent factors to starting smoking were "discord within the family", "family member's smoking", "schoolwork stresses". or "a rebellious spirit". The conditions of smoking included accessibility. going around in group, and the lack of discipline. "Stigmatizing", "involved in mob violence", and "making a poor academic record" coexisted as the covariance of the smoking habituation. Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrated the comprehensive and insightful picture of the phenomena under investigation. Nursing implications and further directions for research were discussed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2017

Taking samples of data and using samples to make inferences about unknown populations are at the core of statistical investigations. So, an understanding of the nature of sample as statistical thinking is involved in the area of statistical literacy, since the process of a statistical investigation can turn out to be totally useless if we don't appreciate the part sampling plays. However, the conception of sampling is a scheme of interrelated ideas entailing many statistical notions such as repeatability, representativeness, randomness, variability, and distribution. This complexity makes many people, teachers as well as students, reason about statistical inference relying on their incorrect intuitions without understanding sample comprehensively. Some research investigated how the concept of a sample is understood by not only students but also teachers or preservice teachers, but we want to identify preservice secondary mathematics teachers' understanding of sample as the statistical literacy by a qualitative analysis. We designed four items which asked preservice teachers to write their understanding for sampling tasks including representativeness and variability. Then, we categorized the similar responses and compared these categories with Watson's statistical literacy hierarchy. As a result, many preservice teachers turned out to be lie in the low level of statistical literacy as they ignore contexts and critical thinking, expecially about sampling variability rather than sample representativeness. Moreover, the experience of taking statistics courses in university did not seem to make a contribution to development of their statistical literacy. These findings should be considered when design preservice teacher education program to promote statistics education.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 Sackin, M.J. 와 Merriam, D.F. (1969) 등(等)이 암석(岩石) 및 광물(鑛物)의 구성상태변화(構成狀態變化)를 파악(把握)하기 위해 사용(使用)한 Transition Matrices의 해석방법(解析方法)을 이용(利用)하여 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)의 천이특성(遷移特性)을 파악(把握)할 목적(目的)으로 현장실측자료(現場實測資料)를 토대로 확정(確定)된 천이(遷移)모델의 천이특성(遷移特性)인 특정사빈(特定砂濱)의 출현빈도(出現頻度) 및 그 기여율(寄與率)을 구(求)하였다. 또 실제(實際)의 사빈변화(砂濱變化)가 계절적(季節的)인 순환특성(循環特性)을 보이면서 파랑(波浪)에 응답(應答)하는 시문(時問)과 공간(空間)의 복합적(複合的)인 요소(要素)들을 분리(分離)하여 선형함수(線型函數)의 조합(組合)으로 분석(分析)하고자 Winant, Inmann 그리고 Nordstorm(1975) 등(等)에 의해 제시(提示)된 Empirical Eigenfunction을 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)의 변형해석(變形解析)에 적용(適用)하여 변형원인(變形原因)에 관한 인자(因子)의 규명(糾明)을 시도(試圖)하였으며 분석결과(分析結果) 요지(要旨)는 다음과 같다. (1) 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)의 천이특성파악(遷移特性把握)이 Transition Matrices 전개해석방법(展開解析方法)으로 가능(可能)하였다. (2) 적용(適用)된 경험적(經驗的) 고유함수(固有函數)의 전개결과(展開結果)에 의하여 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱) 전체(全體)의 시간(時間) 및 공간적(空間的) 변형(變形)에 대한 설명(說明)이 가능(可能)하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1990

Quality deterioration of barley drink during storage was examined by measuring viable count, titratable acidity (TA), turbidity and pH of barley drinks with or without barley particles stored at temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35$^{\circ}C$. Qualitative analysis of organic acids in spoiled barley drink was also performed. TA of barley drink during storage increased to 0.009, 0.0095, 0.0097 and 0.020% at 20, 25, 30 and 35$^{\circ}C$, respectively. TA reached the mixima between 7 and 10 days of storage and reduced from then on. pH values followed the exactly reverse trend of TA. The rate of bacterial spoilage of barley drinks was faster when it was stored at higher temperatures. The numbers of bacteria were in the range between 9.0${\times}10^6-8.0{\times}10^8$ cells/ml depending on the storage temperatures and the different brands. Those samples with higher bacterial growths showed higher optical densities. Volatile organic acids such as acetic, formic, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric acids were detected in addition to ethyl alcohol. Non-volatile organic acids such as pyruvic, lactic, oxalacetic, succinic, fumaric acids were detected. Among them, acetic acids were most important in their quantities. Five different kinds of spoilage bacteria were isolated and identified as Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Badillus cirulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus brevis, all of which were found to form endospores.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1261-1266
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• 2012

Introduction: HPV has been found repeatedly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. However, reported detection rates of HPV DNA in these tumors have varied markedly. Differences in detection methods, sample types, and geographic regions of sample origin have been suggested as potential causes of variation. We have reported that infection of HPV DNA in ESCC tumors depends on anatomical sites of esophagus of the patients from Mazandaran, north of Iran. Materials and Methods: HPV DNA was examined in 46 upper, 69 middle and 62 lower third anatomical sites of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens collected from Mazandaran province in north Iran, near the Caspian Littoral as a region with high incidence of ESCC. HPV L1 DNA was detected using Qualitative Real time PCR and MY09/MY11 primers. Results: 28.3% of upper, 29% of middle and 25.8% of lower third of ESCC samples were positive for HPV DNA. 13.6% for males and 14.1% for females were HPV positive in all samples. Conclusions: HPV infection is about one third of ESCC in this area. Findings in this study increase the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Further investigation with a larger sample size is necessary.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.196-207
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• 2013

전 세계 Juncus (골풀속)의 속내 분류체계는 최근 Kirschner에 의해 2아속 10절로 정리된 바 있으며, 두 아속은 소포의 유무와 화서에 의해 구분되며, 각각의 절은 잎의 특징, 화서의 위치, 수술, 종자의 형질 등에 따라 구분된다. 현재까지 한국산 Juncus 분류군들을 구분하는 형질들에 대한 종합적 검토는 미흡한 상태이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 지금까지 한반도에 자생한다고 보고된 분류군들 중 채집 및 표본조사가 가능한 14개의 Juncus 분류군들에 대하여 국내 11개 표본관으로부터 약 950점의 표본을 대여하여 조사하였고, 이들에 대한 지하경, 잎, 화서, 꽃, 과실, 종자 등의 외부형태학적 형질들에 대한 형질상태의 유형을 파악하여 도해하고, 분류군들 간의 구분성을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 주요 식별 형질들을 이용한 검색표를 제시하였다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

Tunnelling in poor and heterogeneous ground is a difficult task. Even with a good geological investigation, uncertainties with respect to the local rock mass structure will remain. Especially for such conditions, a reliable short-term prediction of the conditions ahead and outside the tunnel profile are of paramount importance for the choice of appropriate excavation and support methods. The information contained in the absolute displacement monitoring data allows a comprehensive evaluation of the displacements and the determination of the behaviour and influence of an anisotropic rock mass. Case histories and with numerical simulations show, that changes in the displacement vector orientation can indicate changing rock mass conditions ahead of the tunnel face (Schubert & Budil 1995, Steindorfer & Schubert 1997). Further research has been conducted to quantify the influence of weak zones on stresses and displacements (Grossauer 2001). Sellner (2000) developed software, which allows predicting displacements (GeoFit$\circledR$). The function parameters describe the time and advance dependent deformation of a tunnel. Routinely applying this method at each measuring section allows determining trends of those parameters. It shows, that the trends of parameter sets indicate changes in the stiffness of the rock mass outside the tunnel in a similar way, as the displacement vector orientation does. Three-dimensional Finite Element simulations of different weakness zone properties, thicknesses, and orientations relative to the tunnel axis were carried out and the function parameters evaluated from the results. The results are compared to monitoring results from alpine tunnels in heterogeneous rock. The good qualitative correlation between trends observed on site and numerical results gives hope that by a routine determination of the function parameters during excavation the prediction of rock mass conditions ahead of the tunnel face can be improved. Implementing the rules developed from experience and simulations into the monitoring data evaluation program allows to automatically issuing information on the expected rock mass quality ahead of the tunnel.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.262-276
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the elementary teachers' views and students' views about the difficulties in teaching and learning on open inquiry activities of elementary school science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with three elementary teachers who have serviced more than three years, and with twenty four elementary students attending schools located in Cheongju City. And their anecdotes were collected and analyzed. The interview questions were developed through Seidman's steps to acquire the reliability in the interview data. From the interviews and anecdotes, we found that elementary teachers' views about the difficulties of teaching open inquiry activities: the difficulties of teaching in finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, the difficulties of managing group activities, the difficulties of managing class hours for inquiry, the lack of the students' inquiry abilities, and problems on students' affective characteristics. And the students have the views about the difficulties in doing open inquiry activities: the difficulties of finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, being unaccustomed to write reports, the troubles with investigating, problems on affective characteristics, the difficulties of joining in a group, and the lack of inquiry abilities. The teachers give suggestions for effective application of the open inquiry activities: first, the teachers must encourage students' emotion and will in doing open inquiry activities, second, there must be the steady inquiry teaching and learning in ordinary elementary science classes. Based on the results, this study suggested that elementary teachers should concern specially about students' being unaccustomed to write reports and the troubles in doing scientific investigation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

진동전달을 차단하는 공법으로는 방진구나 방진벽공법 등이 있으며 최근에는 다양한 재료를 사용한 차단벽공법 등이 제안되고 현장 시공도 다수 행해지고 있으며 또한 저감효과가 확인되고 있다. 그러나 이들 공법은 가진원의 특성, 지반조건, 차단벽의 매개변수 등이 복잡하여 합리적이고 정량적인 진동저감 평가방법이 아직 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 관점에서 지표면에 점가진이 전달될 경우 진동차단벽공법을 원심모형실험을 통하여 재현하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 차단벽재의 강성 및 차단벽재의 타설 심도를 변화시키는 실험을 실사하고 이들의 차이가 방진효과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 본 연구결과 원심모형 실험장치를 환경진동 문제에 적용하고 파동의 지반내 전달현상 및 메카니즘을 파악하고 본 연구에서 개발한 충격 재하장치의 적용성을 확인했다.