• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.309-318
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• 2020

Besides respiratory infection, COVID-19 has many neurological symptoms not only loss of smell and taste but also fatigue and brain fog. But it is a challenge to treat the neurological symptoms especially of anosmia and ageusia. In order to search for the therapeutic methods, the geographical diversity and pathological mechanisms of the COVID-19 and two symptoms were investigated from the latest clinical studies. Because the environmental conditions of the monsoon climate zone of East Asia and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate zone of Italy, Britain, United States and tropical Brazil are different, each of diverse etiology and internal milieu should be considered differently in the treatment. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits the dampness-like characteristics and the olfactory and gustatory disorders are particularly more common than other flu or cold. and it tends to show features of damaging the lung qi of olfaction and heart-spleen qi of gustation. The mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory loss are various according to precursory, inflammatory, non-inflammatory and sequelar forms, so the therapeutic method should be designed for each period and pathology. If the process of inflammation arises from nasal and respiratory, olfactory epithelium to the central nervous structure by way of blood brain barrier, the treatment should be corresponded with the stage and depth of pathogen place. And if the olfactory loss is asymptomatic or in the initial stage, it can be applied intranasal topical scent therapy to relieve temporary locking of qi movement, but maybe also used in parallel together with herbs of relieving dampness toxin latent in the lung parenchyma.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Objectives : Through the analysis of the harmonization(和) thought in Traditional Chinese culture, and then excavate the theory and application of Harmonization Method(和法) in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經) and Shanghan Zabing Lun(傷寒雜病論). Methods : We find the harmonization(和) means harmony and neutral in traditional Chinese culture, including the harmony of society, the harmony of the mind and the body, and so on. Results : Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經) emphasized the health status is moderate, the disease state is unbalance, preserving our health should keep the yin-yang equilibrium, treating disease should reestablish the equilibrium status, which establish the foundation of the theory of Harmonization Method(和法). Shanghan Zabing Lun(傷寒雜病論) created the methods of settlement and harmony, which is a precedent for the wide application of Harmonization Method(和法) for future generations, including to reconcile the interior-exterior and yin-yang, to harmony the ying-wei and qi-blood, to reconcile the activities of qi of internal organs. Conclusions : The harmonization(和) is the ideological foundation of the theory system of TCM and the Harmonization Method(和法). The Harmonization Method(和法) is an important treatment method for clinical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

Fragrance(aroma) have many effects on body. Recently, aromatherapy was used to treat dementia, atopicdermatitis, alopecia areata, perineal disease, lymphatichydrops, and articularrheumatism. And people are interested in physical and mental effects of aroma, especially in mental. People empirically have been known the effects of aroma on soul and used aroma in life from long ago. They have had a meditation and had a sacrificial rites burning incense. Scholars also burned incense when reading books or tasting tea. Until now, there is no physiological study about recognition process and effects of aroma on body, but only many clinical studies using aromatherapy. Fragrance(aroma) is different from smell and good flavors of herbs. And it goes through nose and has effects on body in harmony on So-mun(素問). Also flavors of herbs are spreaded ki of herbs and have many effects on body. Aroma coming through the nose is recognized by co-operation of five-viscera(五臟), especially heart and lung. The nose and pectoral qi(宗氣) are related with lung. The lung opens into the nose, reflect its physiological and pathological conditions. Pectoral qi(宗氣) is the combination of the essential qi derived from food with the air inhaled, stored in the chest, and serving as the dynamic force of blood circulation, respiration, voice, and bodily movements. Because of the heart-spirit(心神), Heart is the organ can recognize the aroma, although the nose is the first organ of receiving aroma. Five spirits(五神: ethereal soul(魂), spirit(神), ideation(意), corporeal soul(魄), will(志)) and seven emotions(七情: joy(喜), anger(怒), anxiety(憂), thought(思), sorrow(悲), fear(恐), fright(驚)) are rerated with five-viscera(五臟) and essence-spirit (精神) processing steps and express of emotions. And aroma effects on five-viscera(五臟). So aroma have many effects on body, especially mentally.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.273-288
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oriental cause and treatment of the polyhidrosis of hands and feet. Methods: It was studied 47 kinds of Oriental Medical literature for polyhidrosis of hands and feet Results: Polyhidrosis of hands and feet due to lowered superficial resistance brought on by deficiency of qi. Main pathogenesis(病因病機) is the heat in the middle energizer(中焦熱) such as heat in the stomach(胃熱) and the spleen and stomach heat stagnation(脾胃積熱), deficient in Yin and Yang, qi and blood(陰陽氣血), and retention of undigested food(食積) due to improper diet(飮食不能). Treating method(治法) is eliminating dampness and regulating the stomach(淸熱燥瀑和中), invigorating, replenishing spleen qi(補益脾氣), and nourishing the stomach Yin(滋養胃陰). Treating prescription(治方) is presented as Palmultang with Additional Ingredients Rhi.zoma Pinelliae, Pona for principle drug Rhi.zorm Typfwnii Radix Aconiti for adjuvant and messenger drug(八物湯加半夏 茯笭君 白附子 川烏爲在使), Daeshihotang(大柴胡湯), Cheongbisan(淸脾散), Moryeosan(牡蠣散) etc. The external treatments(外用法) are described as ways of washing hand and foot after steaming with boiled Decoction(牡蠣散) of AJurnen(白礬); Radix Puerariae(乾葛), Radix Astragali(黃?); Radix Puerariae(乾葛), Herba Schiwnepetae(荊芥); Radix Saposhnikoviae (防風), 白礬(AIumen). The acupuncture recipes (鍼治療法) are the toninfication(補) of Buryu(KI 7)(復溜) ; Eumgeuk(HT 6)(陰?), tonification(補) methods of Buryu(KI 7)(復溜) ; Gihae(CC 6)(氣海) and reduction(潟) of Hapgok(LI 4)(合谷), the reduction(潟) of Hapgok(LI 4)(合谷), tonification of Buryu(Kl 7)(復溜), reduction(潟) of Jigu(TE 6)(支溝) ; Taechung(LR 3)(太衝) ; Yangneungcheon (GB 34)(陽陸泉). and selection of points of Hapgok(Li 4) (合谷) and Nogung(PC 8)(勞宮). The Tui-na therapies (推拿療法) are removing heat from the stomach meridian(淸胃經O) and so on.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2015

Objectives : I hope this prescription configuration analysis among Liuhejian's and Lidongyuan's books and "Hejijufang" would explain the differences among Liuhejian's and Lidongyuan's theories against Hejijufang. Methods : I have searched for frequently used herbs combinations in the books and compared each features with others. And then I'd like to find out similar prescription by comparing composition ratio of configuring herbs. Conclusions : (1) In the composition ratio of configuring each of herbs Liuhejian's composition ratio of configuring herbs is higher than "Hejijufang" and Lidongyuan's prescriptions. (2) Lidongyuan's tendencies are about 'stimulate qi', 'removal of fever', 'removal of damp' and 'supplement of yin'. Liuhejian's tendencies are about 'removal of fever' and 'removal of wind'. Tendencies of "Hejijufan" are about 'heat up inside' and 'supplement of blood'. As I compared Lidongyuan's prescriptions with Liuhejian's, Lidongyuan's tendencies are about 'raising yang', 'supplement of qi', 'stimulation qi' and 'promotion of digestion'. Liuhejian's tendencies are about 'removal of fever' and 'removal of wind'. (3) I could prove that Liuhejian and Lidongyuan had created new theories against tendency of Hejijufang.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-70
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• 2019

Objectives : Medical records of Xueji in the "Xiaozhufurenliangfang" were examined in this study which aimed to look at the medical situation in gynecology of China's Ming Dynasty period, in hopes for it to yield implications and treatment directions to gynecology in $21^{st}$ century Korea. Methods : The medical records were systematically organized with a medical anthropological approach along with overall analysis of the entire records, which lent meaningful statistical information in numeric form. A bibliographical review of the text as historical artifact was undertaken as well. Results : In managing gynecological conditions, Xueji frequently attributed them to depletion of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and Liver. In terms of pathogenic factors, he frequently mentioned Fire and Heat, and as etiological factors, emotional distress. For treatment, he frequently used 'Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang(補中益氣湯)', 'Xiao Yao San(逍遙散)' and 'Gui Pi Tang(歸脾湯)'. Conclusions : Through studying the medical records of Xueji in "Xiaozhufurenliangfang" a close look into a master's insight on gynecological disorders in terms of diagnosis and treatment was achieved. The formulas he used are widely applied even today, and this study shows that the formulas's clinical application could be expanded even wider.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

Objectives : In order to infer the effect of blood-activating and stasis-dispelling herbs by the analysis of effect terms which have extracted and refined, based on five tastes. Methods : I extracted the effect terms and five tastes of blood-activating and stasis-dispelling herbs written in Herbology. Extracted effect terms was divided into single meaning term and was refined as typical term. After that, I sorted herbs according to the five tastes and find the most highly mentioned effect terms. And I infered each herb's effects based on the relationship between five tastes and most highly mentioned terms. Results & Conclusions : I extracted 5 tastes and 53 effect terms and refined it as 43 effect terms. As the result of analyzing the effect term based the tastes, blood-activating and stasis-dispelling herbs are usually have blood-activating and pain-relieving. The herbs that have the hot taste, have the effect of moving-qi, stasis-breaking and aggregation-dispersing. And I supposed new effects of 5 kinds of herbs among them. The herbs that have the sweet tastes, have the effect of stasis-dispelling. And I supposed new effects of 2 kinds of herbs among them by analyzing the relationship between the tastes and effect terms.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Objective : The aims of this study were to show the clinical state and to investigate depression and anxiety by BDI and STAI scale in tension headache patients. Method : The patient group was consisted of the 20 patients with Tension Headache who were treated in Department of Neuropsychiatry, Daejeon University Oriental Hospital from 3 March 2003 to 30 September 2003. The control group was consisted of the 20 patients on physical therapy with cerebaral vascular disorder in the Daejeon University Cheonan Oriental Hospital. The patient group was investigated by various characteristics, and compared with the control group by BDI and STAI scores. Result : 1. The ratio of female was higher, the 40 aged were higher frequence, in distribution of the period of the clinical history, short term within 1 week was the most.. 2. Tension headache was most frequent at whole portion, neck stiffness, shoulder pain, general body weakness were mainly coexited, and the prescription invigorating spleen supplementing qi and tonifying qi and blood. 3. The BDI score was higher in patient group, but there was no significant difference 4. The STAI score was higher in patient group, but there was no significant difference.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.375-385
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was carried out to research the protective effects of Sagunja-Tang(SA) through in vivo experiments, and tried to investigate the relation between oxidation of liver tissues and deficiency of Qi. Methods : Acute liver injury which initiated from free radical induced by $CCl_4$, were applied to mice and metabolic data were obtained. In order to measure the degree of liver injury, serum level of alanine aminotransferase(AST), aspartate aminotransferase(ALT), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total protein(TP) and glucose were measured. Lipid peroxidation of liver slice was examined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : SA had protective effects on $CCl_4$ induced acute liver injury by decreasing serum level of ALT. Kidney injury was induced by injection of $CCl_4$ too, and SA protected kidney injury by decreasing serum level of creatinine and BUN. Conclusions : Through this study, we found that SA have healing effects on liver and kidney injury of $CCl_4$ induced oxidative stress that is similar to deficiency of Qi. And further studies have to be followed to certify the mechanisms.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2003

Sokmyeungtang was the representative prescription for Apoplexy under the rule of Tang and Song dynasty of which the cultures were thriving in the history of China. However, the clinical use of Sokmyeungtang has been gradually reduced since Geumwon dynasty of China because it was misunderstood that the dryness heat drugs of pungent in flavor and warm in property such as Ephedra, Pubescent Angelica Root, Chinese Cassia Tree-Bark, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root, Prepared Aconite Root, Fresh Ginger, and Wildginger Herb included in the presciption for Apoplexy supplemented heat as damaging Yin flood. In fact, the drugs pungent in flavor and warm in property activate exterior and interior circulation, circulate channels and collaterals, promote blood circulation, and remove blood stasis with the side effect of relieving exterior syndrome with drugs warming channels. When treating Apoplexy with Sokmyeungtang, the cold drugs such as Gypsum, Baikai Skullcap Root, and Pueraria Root are prescribed to suppress fire of pungent dryness and to control excessive heat of people with Apoplexy as reducing the effects of hot drugs causing impairment of Yin. For treatment of Apoplexy, the above drugs accelerate blood and Qi circulation in channels and collaterals and then in necrotic tissue of human body as removing blood stasis. Consequently, these drugs improve disorders of capillary tube circulation. If Sokmyeungtang, an old prescription, is properly understood, it will be substantially helpful to all kinds of treatments in clinical cases