• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

The FTA(Free Trade Agreements) are loading the world trade liberalization. Entering into FTA with Chile on 1 Apr 2004, Korea is trying to tie with Singapore and Japan in FTA. It also has a long-term plan for free-trading with China, USA, ASEAN, Canada and India. The portion of the dairy products imported from Chile, Japan and Singapore is under 1% of total dairy product imports. However, in the long run the conclusion of FTA with dairy product exporting countries such as USA, Australia, New Zealand and Netherlands will give a big impact on the dairy industry with abrupt increment in dairy product imports. Especially, whole and skim milk powder imports which are imported on the high tariff rate expect to increase. Furthermore mixed milk powder(Food preparations of goods and other whey powders) imports which domestic price is higher than world market also will dramatically increase. The milk powder stocks have increased since 2002. That made the government carry out some policies. Those include slaughtering milking cow(2002) and terminating the dairy farm enterprise and decreasing in milk production(2003). Also the case of artificial insemination by a Hanwoo fertilized egg has increased with the rise of Hanwoo farm price in 2003. By those reason, it is forecasted that the downward trend in the number of cow will be continued in 2004. It is also forecasted that the raw milk production in 2004 will decrease 4.4% compared to last year due to decreasing in the number of milking cow and raw milk collecting quota.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.184-195
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the micro-agribusiness realities of dairy farms by surveying both farmers' opinions and consumers' recognition of dairy farm products for in a value-chain analysis. In most cases, dairy farms produced fermented milk for sales and to prepare cheese both for sales and for providing the necessary material for farm visitors. Value-chain analysis did not seem to be a viable strategy for dairy farmers, except when assessing the quality of farmstead milk products in comparisons of dairy farm milks and commercial milk products. Consumers had a wide range of experience with milk products and had no willingness to buy products from dairy farms because of the high cost and the lack of product diversity. Our findings established three strategies for improving the economic feasibility of dairy farms. First, the price should be reduced by adopting a production balance to establish a farm-gate price, i.e., not as quota milk but as surplus milk. Second, consumers should be educated on the prescription of cheese at home. Third, a value-chain based on cooperative partnerships should be established among dairy farms. In addition, to improve the consumers' satisfaction on the diversity and quality of farm dairy products, developments of new value-added milk products made from the milk of cows allowed to graze on mountain pastures are needed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.152-163
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• 2003

Pupose : The Korean cancer pain assessment tool (K-CPAT) was developed in 2003 is consisted of questions concerning the pain location, quality of pain, present pain intensity, symptoms associated with pain, and psychosocial/spiritual pain assessments. This study was done to evaluate the reliability and validity of K-CPAT. Methods : A Stratified, proportional-quota, clustered, systematic sampling has been employed. Study population (903 cancer patients) was 1% of the target population (90,252 cancer patients). A total of 314 (34.8%) questionnaires have been collected. Results : Average pain score (5 Likert scale) by cancer type and at-present average pain score (VAS, $0{\sim}10$) were correlated (r=0.56, P<0.0001), and showed a moderate agreement (kappa=0.364). Mean score of satisfaction was 3.8 ($1{\sim}5$). The average time of completion of the questionnaire was 8.9 minutes. Conclusions: The K-CAPT is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of Cancer Pain for Korean.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2003

The purposes of this study which was conducted by applying three projection formulae to the data from admission quota for paramedic of the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development the number of ambulances the number of emergency medical centers of the Ministry of Health & Welfare and rate of successful candidates of annual report of the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board were to find out demand and supply of paramedic from 2002 to 2045 and to expand scope of practice of paramedic in Korea. The conclusions from this study were summarized as follows; (1) The simple formulae derived from the projection formula of the Economic Planning Board were applied under the present Emergency Medical Services Act including qualifying over 3-years experienced EMT-Basic for paramedic examinee, stationing paramedic or EMT-Basic or physician or nurse per ambulance, stationing paramedic or EMT-Basic per emergency medical center and under the amended Emergency Medical Services Act including qualifying only paramedic graduate for paramedic examinee, stationing 4.5 paramedics per ambulance, stationing 10 to 2 paramedics per emergency medical center. (2) It was estimated that on the American basis of 5.6 EMTs per 10,000 in 1996, the number of paramedics under the present act will reach the basis before 2020, the number of paramedics under the amended act will reach the basis about 2040. (3) It was estimated that on the basis of 22,000 paramedics demanded from the number of ambulances, the number of emergency medical centers in 2001, the number of paramedics under the present act will reach the basis before 2015, the number of paramedics under the amended act will reach the basis about 2030. (4) There was relationship between requirements for emergency medical centers scope of practice of paramedic in the act and demand-supply of paramedic, this necessitates surveys, studies, amendment of the act, legalization for expanded scope of practice of paramedic including EMD, instructor, teacher of safety. (5) This study which includes only expanded scope of practice of paramedic and projection for paramedic in the act needs complementary studies such as decision-making process in health manpower policy and so on.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2017

본 연구는 도서관을 움직이는 핵심요소인 시설 (설치에 대한 법률적 근거), 경영(전담부서), 인적자원, 예산을 중심으로 교육청 소속 도서관의 미래 발전을 위한 정책적 과제를 점검하고 이에 대한 해결책을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해서 국가법령정보센터와 국가도서관통계시스템을 활용하여 관련 자료를 수집 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교육청 소속 도서관의 행정기구가 달라서 도서관기능을 수행하는 기관의 명칭이 다양하게 나타나며, 전담부서의 도서관업무는 보조업무로서 정책의 우선순위에서 배제될 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되어 이에 대한 개선이 절실하다. 또한 소수직렬 승진기회를 제공하기 위한 사무관의 총 정원의 확대와 전체 예산대비 도서관 투입예산의 증가가 반드시 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 1997

Korea will soon experience a high demand for medical rehabilitation specialists, if it tries to deliver advanced health welfare service. In order to medical rehabilitation manpower policies, this study attempts to analyse, estimate and plan a long-term supply for physiatrists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. The study analysed both national and foreign statistical data of manpower supply for medical rehabilitation specialists. Based on the above data, the demand of and supply for each specialists were estimated for long term up to the year 2030. Based on the comparative analysis results of the future demand and supply. the author intended to develop a new supply plan for the three specialist categories. The major finding of the supply plan are as follows : First, as for the supply plan for physiatrists, the author recommends to adopt the demand estimation 1 as the most suitable. In order to prevent an oversupply of physiatrists, the supply plan 1 is recommended which annual enrollment of specialists will maintain with the quota of fixed number of 63 from the year of 1999. Second, it is estimated that there was already an oversupply of physical therapists in Korea. This oversupply is expected to continue even though there would be an increase in rehabilitation hospital beds, rehabilitation facilities for the elderly, and nursing homes, Thus, it would be desirable to cut down the number of students admitted to physical therapy schools each year. Third, there will be a high demand for occupational therapists in the near future as people become more aware of the usefulness of this therapy. Thus, it is urgent to establish a supply plan to meet the demand. Given the close relationship between physical therapy and occupational therapy, the study recommends that the universities already having the the department of physical therapy open the department of occupational therapy as well.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권sup1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2016

Background: This study investigates the perception of the general public regarding the concentration to metropolitan, hospitals of cardiac and cerebrovascular surgeries, and the perceived public need for government policies to resolve this issue. Methods: A total of 800 participants were recruited for our telephone interview survey. Quota sampling was performed, adjusting for age and sex, to select by various geographic regions. Sampling with random digit dialing was performed; we called the randomly generated telephone numbers and made three attempts for non-responders before moving on to a different telephone number. Results: Our sample population was 818 participants, 401 men (49.0%) and 417 women (51.0%). Our data showed that 85.5% of participants thought that cardiac surgery and neurosurgery patients are concentrated in large hospitals in Seoul. The principle reason for regional patients to want to receive surgery at major hospitals in Seoul was because of poor medical standards associated with regional hospitals (87.7%). We found that a vast majority of participants (97.5%) felt that government policies are needed to even out the clustering of cardiac surgery and neurosurgery patients, and that this clustering may be alleviated if policies that can specifically enhance the quality and the capacity of regional hospitals to carry out surgeries are adopted (98.3%). Conclusion: Government policy making must reflect public desiderata, and we suggest that these public health needs may be partially resolved through government-designated cardiac and neurosurgery specialist hospitals in regional areas.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2012

Objectives : This review suggests prospect of educational institutions through research on the establishment trend of Korean dental hygiene programs by comparison with health science programs, analysis based on location and year. Methods : For the research, 78 dental hygiene programs, 11 dental colleges, 144 nursing programs, 41 medicine programs, 38 radiology programs, 49 optometry programs, 39 biomedical laboratory science programs, 65 physical therapy programs, 48 occupational therapy programs were analyzed using SPSS 12.0v. The result is as follows. Results : Establishment trend of dentistry-related programs and dental hygiene programs is twice as high as nursing programs and medicine-related programs. Number of 3-years dental hygiene programs is twice as high as 4-years dental hygiene programs. Entrance quota of 3-years dental hygiene programs is four time higher than 4-years programs. On regional basis, number of dental hygiene programs is the highest in Gyeonggi-do by 9 while it is the lowest in Incheon-si and Jeju-do by 1. Number of students in dental hygiene programs is the highest in Gyeonggi-do by 2,514. Establishment of dental hygiene programs showed the biggest increasing trend in Gyeonggi-do and Jeju-do from 1995 to 1999; and in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do from 2005 to 2010. Conclusions : Assurance of legal rights in the workplace and improvement of educational environment should take prudence over establishment of dental hygiene programs in order to develop professionalism among students in dental hygiene.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.244-257
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• 2017

Nutrition labeling can provide information in order for people to select products suitable for their own health, and sodium content labeling for processed foods is important since sodium is one of the main causes of cardiac diseases. This study had carried out to propose the desirable sodium content labeling by conducting surveys on the awareness of sodium content in processed foods, understanding of sodium content labeling, and requirements for new sodium comparative claims. The survey period was from 12th of September, 2016 through the 24th, during which a self-administered questionnaire survey was given to 1,003 persons through demographic quota sampling by age and region. As a result of the survey, 66.0% of respondents assuring nutrition labeling answered they check sodium content labeling, whereas 83.2% were aware of excessive intake of sodium having a negative effect on health. Exactly 49.9% of respondents answered that the current system for nutrition labeling on processed foods does not help one to understand the content of sodium, whereas 72.9% answered they wanted to compare sodium contents with those of other products when buying or taking processed foods. As 92.5% cited the importance of sodium comparative claims made by processed foods, preparation of a new system for food labeling should be considered by which consumers can easily compare sodium contents with those of other similar products.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of store attributes of Korean consumers and to analyze it's influence on consumer satisfaction in duty free stores which gain ground inch by inch in the distribution chanel. And it is to find discriminative result as compared with foreign consumer. Research design, data, and methodology - Subjects for the quantitative study, quota sampling was adopted in the Lotte, Shilla downtown and airport duty free stores from the first to 15^th December 2016 and 177 questionnaires from Koreans who had purchasing experience in off line duty free store were analyzed. The data was analyzed by using factor and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, the independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. To test consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. Results - The result were as follows; 1. Korean consumers consider the importance of store attributes in duty free stores in order Product, Economic Feasibility, Convenience, Promotion, and Accessibility. 2. The meaningful impactive factors of duty free store attributes on consumer satisfaction turned out Product and Promotion. 3. These results show meaningful distinction between Koreans and foreigners in terms of consumer satisfaction in duty free stores. Conclusions - A marketer who is working for duty free store consider now that price benefit can not give strong impact to Korean consumers more and should concentrate on various brand assortment even including private brand. In terms of promotion, most duty free shops put special stress on foreign consumer's wants now as highly increasing of Chinese travelers but Korean consumer's sales portion and number of visitor also are steadily increasing. Therefore, a duty free marketer should prepare the Korean-oriented services with more enhanced promotion strategies for individual and group travellers, for example, a mileage service, VIP room and social network system to satisfy Korean consumers. In order to get satisfaction from Korean consumers, it makes effort on product and promotion than accessibility, price and convenience. Due to high level influence, further study is needed to enlarge to on-line market and to develop private brands for duty free stores.