• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1997

Background : A pressure sore was defined as any skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure and resulting in damage to underlying tissue. The health care institutions in the United States were reported the incident rate of pressure sores ranging from 6 to 14 %. Intensive Care Unit needed highest quality of care has been found over 40% incidence rate of pressure sore. Also, Annual expenditures for the care of pressure sores in patients in the United States have been estimated to be $7.5 billion; furthermore, 50 percent more nursing time is required to care for patients with pressure sore in comparison to the time needed to implement preventive measures against pressure sore formation. However, In Korea, there were little reliable reports, or researches, about incidence rates of pressure sore in health care institution including intensive care unit and about the integrated approach like CQI action team for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Therefore, this study was to develop pressure sore risk assessment tool and the protocol for prevention of pressure sore formation through CQI action team activities, to monitor incident rate of pressure sore and the length of sore formation for patients at high risk, and to approximately estimate nursing time for sore dressing during research period as the effect of CQI action team. Method : CQI action team in intensive care unit, launched since early 1996, reviewed the literature for the standardized risk assessment tool, developed the pressure sore assessment tool based on the Braden Scale, tested its validity, compared on statistics including incidence rate of pressure sore for patients at high risk. Throughout these activities, CQI action team was developed the protocol, called as St. Marys hospital Intensive Care Unit Pressure Sore Protocol, shifted the emphasis from wound treatment to wound prevention. After applied the protocol to patients at high risk, the incident rate and the period of prevention against pressure development were tested with those for patients who received care before implementation of protocol by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier Method of Survival Analysis. Result : The CQI action team found that these was significant difference of in incidence rate of pressure sores between patients at high risk (control group) who received care before implementation of protocol and those (experimental group) who received it after implementation of protocol (p<.05). 25% possibility of pressure sore formation was shown for the patients with 6th hospital day in ICU in control group. In experimental group, the patients with 10th hospital day had 10% possibility of pressure sore. Therefore, there was significant difference(p<.05) in survival rate between two groups. Also, nursing time for dressing on pressure sore in experimental group was decreased as much as 50% of it in control group. Conclusion : The collaborative team effort led to reduced incidence, increased the length of prevention against pressure sore, and declined nursing care times for sore dressing. However, there have had several suggestions for future study. The preventive care system for pressure sore should be applied to patients at moderate, or low risk throughout continuous CQI team activities based on Bed Sore Indicator Fact Sheet. Hospital-wide supports, such as incentives, would be offered to participants for keeping strong commitment to CQI team. Also, Quality Information System monitoring incidents and estimating cost of poor quality, like workload (full time equivalence) or financial loss, regularly in a hospital has to be developed first for supporting CQI team activities as well as empowering hospital-wide QI implementation. Being several limitations, this study would be one of the report cards for the CQI team activities in intensive care unit of an acute hospital and a trial of quality improvement of health care in Korea.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

There is a variety of opinions about the first translation activities within the Turkic Empire. It is widely believed that some Buddhist sutras were translated into the Turkic language in the period of Taspar Qagan (572-581). This theory is based on certain arguments: Some Turks practiced Buddhism, Buddhist monks translated sutras in the center of the Turkic Empire, Taspar brought sutras from China and had them translated, and the monarch of Northern Qi had a sutra translated and sent to Taspar. However, in my opinion, these arguments lack credibility. This article, which is based on primary Chinese sources, will question the likelihood of such translation activities having occurred. Some Chinese records for these claims exist: Da Tang Nei Dian Lu (大唐內典錄) and Xu Gao Seng Chuan (續高僧傳) by the Buddhist monk Jinagupta and the records of Hui Lin in Sui Shu (隋書) and Wen Xian Tong Kao (文獻通考). These are known as "primary sources." Secondary sources, namely contemporary history and language studies, such as those in books and articles, must be based on primary sources. It can be seen that claims relating to the first Turkic translation activities at the time of Taspar are mainly derived from secondary sources, and that the arguments in these secondary sources vary. Sometimes researchers make suppositions on the existence of information that is not referred to in primary sources. However, this is not normal practice. If a researcher relies on unknowns for the evidence of information existing, it can cause false information, ideas and anachronisms to be created. It is important that primary sources, such as the Chinese sources mentioned above, be translated correctly in language and history studies. If only a word is mistranslated, very different results may occur. Mistranslating or misinterpreting a primary source allows conclusions to be reached that are not supported by dissemination of information from primary sources. This can mislead experts and result in information that is not correct being considered as being true. As well as helping to prevent such misinterpretations occurring, another aim of this paper is to question the interpretations of the first Turkic translations in contemporary studies on history and language. The origin of such assessments will be explored and the validity of that information will be examined.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.903-920
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• 2019

본 연구는 요양병원 간호사의 간호행위 위임정도, 간호전문직관 및 이직의도를 파악하고 이들간의 관계를 확인함으로써 향후 간호행위 위임에 필요한 정책적 지침 및 절차에 관한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 서술적 조사연구로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2개 광역도 소재 6개 요양병원의 간호사 146명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 자료수집기간은 2016년 7월부터 8월까지이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 요양병원 간호사의 간호행위는 위임에 대한 명확한 지침이나 법적 절차가 없는 상태에서 7개 행위를 제외한 대부분의 간호행위가 간호보조인력에게 위임되고 있었다. 요양병원 간호사의 간호행위 위임정도와 간호전문직관, 이직의도와의 유의한 관련성은 없었으나 간호전문직관과 이직의도는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서, 요양병원 간호사의 이직의도를 낮추기 위해서는 개인적인 측면으로 긍정적인 간호전문직관을 확고히 하는 방안이 모색되어야 하며, 정책적인 측면에서는 요양병원의 적절한 간호인력배치 기준을 마련하여 간호행위 위임지침을 개발해야 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2015

A new actinomycete strain NA4 was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and showed promising antifungal activities against soilborne fungal pathogens. It was identified as Streptomyces cavourensis by morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The main antifungal components were isolated and identified from the fermentation culture as bafilomycins B1 and C1. These compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities and a broad antifungal spectrum. The results suggest that the Streptomyces cavourensis NA4 and bafilomycins B1 and C1 could be used as potential biocontrol agents for soilborne fungal diseases of plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Two major endoglucanase genes (cel7B and cel5A) were cloned from Penicillium decumbens 114-2 using the method of modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR). The result of Southern blotting suggested that P. decumbens has a single copy of the cel5A gene and a single copy of the cel7B gene in its chromosomal DNA. The expression levels of cel5A and cel7B were determined by means of real-time quantitative PCR, suggesting that the two genes were coordinately expressed, and repressed by glucose and induced by cellulose. Both endoglucanase genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant proteins were purified. The recombinant Cel7B and Cel5A were both optimally active at $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0. The recombinant Cel7B showed more than 8-fold, 30-fold, and 5-fold higher enzyme activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose, barley $\beta$-glucan, and PASC, respectively, in comparison with that of Cel5A. However, their activities toward pNPC and Avicel showed minor differences. The results suggested that Cel7B is a strict endoglucanase, whereas Cel5A showed processivity because of its relative higher ability to hydrolyze the crystal cellulose.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

A lectin named AAL has been purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. AAL consisted of two identical subunits of 15.8 kDa, its pI was about 3.8 determined by isoelectric focusing, and no carbohydrate was discerned. Being treated by pyrogultamate aminopeptidase, the blocked N-terminus of AAL was sequenced as QGVNIYNI. AAL agglutinated human and animal erythrocytes regardless of blood type or animal species. Its hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by acid or alkali treatment and demetalization or addition of divalent metals $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. AAL was toxic to mice: its LD50 was 15.85 mg per kilogram body weight by intraperitoneal injection. In this study, two novel activities of AAL were proved. It showed inhibition activity to infection of tobacco mosaic virus on Nicotiana glutinosa. The result of IEF suggested that AAL attached to TMV particles. Mycelia differentiation promotion was the other interesting activity. AAL promoted the differentiation of fruit body primordia from the mycelia of Agrocybe aegerita and Auricularia polytricha. AAL antiserum was prepared and immunologically cross-reactived with several proteins from five other kinds of mushrooms. These results suggested that AAL probably was a representative of a large protein family, which plays important physiological roles in mushroom.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1997

The changes of mental activities and the normal life during the pregnancy have a direct and indirect influences not only on the maternal health but also on the physiological function of the fetus. In the oriental medicine, many attentions have been ordered during the pregnancy. And they called these attentions and managements during the pregnancy as 'Tia-jiao(胎敎)'. The Tia-jiao, that is the prenatal culture, means 'educations for the fetus', so it is a hygienic conception for the pregnacy and the delivery. About this, many oriental gynecologic texts contained various contents such as the prohibitions against food(Shi-ji 食忌), the attentions on the mental activities(Yang-xing-ging 養性情), the notions on the normal life(Qi-ju-ji 起居忌), the cautions against drugs(Yao-ji 藥忌), the instructions for the treatments, the preventions against abortion(Gu-tia-liang-fa 固胎良法). The Tai-jiao can be divided two categories. The one is the behaviors and mental attitudes which can induce the good characters, and the other is the intake of foods and drugs which can grow the healthy body. According to the transitions of the generation, the economies, the societies, and the cultures have been changed. Through the pursuits of the intelligent babies have been remained, all conceptions and recognitions have also been altered. Therefore the ways to the prenatal culture must be changed, The reviewing the old and learning now, and doing the appropriate Tia-jiao in the modern times may be the best way to get the good babies.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2005

Purpose: This study has been attempted as one of the Quality Improvement activities in order to provide with intravenous injection control and to confirm the evaluation from the patients and their guardians, and also from nurses themselves. Method: The subject of this intravenous injection control was a control group of 239 patients and 176 nurses, a comparison group of 128 patients and 146 nurses. The tool consisted of hospitality (towards patients), explanation, and infection prevention activities. The collected data were analysed using SPSS Windows 11.0 program for percentage, $X^2$-test and t-test. Result: 1) The nurses who were instructed in standardised intravenous injection control received more satisfactory evaluation from the patients(t=-2.89, p=.004) than the nurses who were not. However, in the subdivisions, the explanation field was the only one to receive a more satisfactory evaluation(t=-1.14, p=.255). 2) The nurses who were instructed in standardised intravenous injection control showed higher performances in intravenous injection control (t=-4.21, p=.000) than the nurses who were not. In the subdivisions, hospitality, explanation, and infection prevention activities all showed effectiveness ($t=-2.35{\sim}3.90$, $p=.020{\sim}.000$). Conclusion: From the results stated above, it can be concluded that standardised intravenous injection control instruction for nurses brought out better evaluation, i.e. satisfaction, from the patients and their guardians, and the nurses who received the instruction showed better performances in intravenous injection control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2307-2312
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• 2015

Curcumol is a sesquiterpene originally isolated from curcuma rhizomes, a component of herbal remedies commonly used in oriental medicine. Its beneficial pharmacological activities have attract significant interest recently. In this study, anti-cancer activity of curcumol was examined with both in vitro and in vivo models. It was found that curcumol exhibited time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects in SPC-A-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells with cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase while apoptosis-induction was also confirmed with flow cytometry and morphological analyses. Interestingly, curcumol did not display growth inhibition in MRC-5 human embryonic lung fibroblasts, suggesting the anti-proliferative effects of curcumol were specific to cancer cells. Anti-neoplastic effects of curcumol were also confirmed in tumor bearing mice. Curcumol (60 mg/ kg daily) significantly reduced tumor size without causing notable toxicity. In conclusion, curcumol appears a favorable anti-cancer candidate for further development.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.14-34
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive information of qualification systems of developed countries needed to establish our national system for QI(Quality improvement) specialists. Methods: All articles related to any applicable domestic or foreign countries' laws, operational status, and detailed programs for professional qualification system of QI were reviewed. Result: In the United States, a non-profit organization, Healthcare Quality Certification Commission (HQCC) has set the policies, procedures and standards in the field of health care quality. And qualification system of CPHQ (certified professional in healthcare quality) has been operated in order to authenticate the qualifications in the field of quality management. IBQH(international Board for quality in healthcare), a qualification system of experts in the United Kingdom, was designed to assist the qualification of professionals to improve the quality of healthcare. In addition, Health Research Center of Feinberg School of Medicine in Northwestern University has been operating Master's and doctoral degree programs in the field of the quality of care and patient safety and IHI (institute for healthcare improvement) open school was operating a professional training course related to the quality of care and patient safety. Conclusion: Quantity and complexity of information of the quality of care and patient safety have been increased. For reform of the health care system, a special training course of the expertise and leadership are needed. So far, there is no national professional certification courses in our nation. Therefore essential job skill should be acquired individually. For systematic and effective quality improvement activities, the educational and certification system with professional development model are needed.