• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-79
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• 2002

The urea cycle, consisting of a series of six enzymatic reactions, plays key roles to prevent the accumulation of toxic nitrogenous compound and synthesize arginine de novo. Five well characterized diseases have been described, resulting from an enzymatic defect in the biosynthesis of one of the normally expressed enzyme. This presentation will focus on two representative diseases; ornithine transcarbamylase(OTC) deficiency and citrullinemia(argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency). OTC deficiency is one of the most common inborn error of urea cycle, which is inherited in X-linked manner. We identified 17 different mutations in 20 unrelated Korean patients with OTC deficiency; L9X, R26P, R26X, T44I, R92X, G100R, R141Q, G195R, M205T, H214Y, D249G, R277W, F281S, 853 del C, R320X, V323M and 10 bp del at nt. 796-805. These mutations occur at well conserved nucleotide sequences across species or CpG hot spot. The L9X and R26X lead to the disruption of leader sequences, required for directing mitochondrial localization of the OTC precursor. Their phenotypes are severe, and neonatal onset. The G100R, R277W and V323M mutations were uniquely identified in patients with late onset OTC deficiency. The other genotypes are associated with neonatal onset. Out of 20 patients with OTC deficiency, only 6 patients are alive; two were liver transplanted, and normal in growth and development at 2, 4 years after transplantation respectively. Citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by the mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase(ASS) gene. We identified in 3 major mutations in 11 unrelated Korean patients with citrullinemia; G324S, $IVS6^{-2}$ A to G, and 67 bp ins at nt 1125-1126. Among these, the 67 base pair insertion mutation is novel. The allele frequency of each mutation is; G324S(45%), IVS6-2 A to G(32%), and 67 base pair insertion(14%). All patients are diagnosed at neonatal or infantile age. Interestingly, two patients presented with stroke like episode. Out of 11 patients, 5 patients died. Among 6 patients alive, one patient was successfully liver transplanted.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2016

Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄ ⋅ 6H₂O) and hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) precipitation in urine-separating toilets (NoMix toilets) causes severe maintenance problems and also reduce the phosphate and calcium content. Application of urine separating technique and extraction of by-products from human urine is a cost effective technique in waste water treatment. In this study, we extract urine calcite from human urine by batch scale method, using urease producing microbes to trigger the precipitation and calcite formation process. Extracted urine calcite (calcining at 800℃) is a potential adsorbent for removal of heavy metal(loid)s like (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ and As³⁺) along with additional leaching analysis of total nitrogen (T-N), phosphate (T-P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The transformations of calcite during synthesis were confirm by characterization using XRD, SEM-EDAX and FT-IR techniques. In additional, the phosphate leaching potential and adsorbate (nitrate) efficiency in aqueous solution was investigated using the calcinedurine calcite. The results indicate that the calcite was effectively remove heavy metal(loid)s lead up to 96.8%. In addition, the adsorption capacity (q_e) of calcite was calculated and it was found to be 203.64 Pb, 110.96 Cd, 96.02 Zn, 104.2 As, 149.54 Cu and 162.68 Ni mg/g, respectively. Hence, we suggest that the calcite obtain from the human urine will be a suitable absorbent for heavy metal(loid)s removal from aqueous solution.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2022

The treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is challenging due to its complex etiology. From epidermal disruption to chronic inflammation, various cells and inflammatory pathways contribute to the progression of AD. As with immunosuppressants, general inhibition of inflammatory pathways can be effective, but this approach is not suitable for long-term treatment due to its side effects. This study aimed to identify a plant extract (PE) with anti-inflammatory effects on multiple cell types involved in AD development and provide relevant mechanistic evidence. Degranulation was measured in RBL-2H3 cells to screen 30 PEs native to South Korea. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Parasenecio auriculatus var. matsumurana Nakai extract (PAE) in AD, production of cytokines and nitric oxide, activation status of FcεRI and TLR4 signaling, cell-cell junction, and cell viability were evaluated using qRT-PCR, western blotting, confocal microscopy, Griess system, and an MTT assay in RBL-2H3, HEK293, RAW264.7, and HaCaT cells. For in vivo experiments, a DNCBinduced AD mouse model was constructed, and hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, toluidine blue, and F4/80-staining were performed. The chemical constituents of PAE were analyzed by HPLC-MS. By measuring the anti-degranulation effects of 30 PEs in RBL-2H3 cells, we found that Paeonia lactiflora Pall., PA, and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. show an inhibitory activity of more than 50%. Of these, PAE most dramatically and consistently suppressed cytokine expression, including IL-4, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α. PAE potently inhibited FcεRI signaling, which mechanistically supports its basophil-stabilizing effects, and PAE downregulated cytokines and NO production in macrophages via perturbation of toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, PAE suppressed cytokine production in keratinocytes and upregulated the expression of tight junction molecules ZO-1 and occludin. In a DNCB-induced AD mouse model, the topical application of PAE significantly improved atopic index scores, immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression, abnormal activation of signaling molecules in FcεRI and TLR signaling, and damaged skin structure compared with dexamethasone. The anti-inflammatory effect of PAE was mainly due to integerrimine. Our findings suggest that PAE could potently inhibit multi-inflammatory cells involved in AD development, synergistically block the propagation of inflammatory responses, and thus alleviate AD symptoms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1999

연구배경: 진폐증은 공기중에 있는 광물성 분진을 흡입함으로써 발생하는 폐의 조직반응을 의미하는 질병으로 우리나라에서 진폐증의 탄광부 진폐증이 주종을 이루고 있다. 그러나 일단 이환되면 별다른 치료방법이 없어 대증요법에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 진폐증은 예방이 중요하지만 기존의 환자들의 관리도 소홀히 할 수 없을 것이다. 이에 저자들은 진폐증으로 진단된 환자들의 소견을 분석하여 경과와 예후에 관계된 요인을 밝히고자 임상적 고찰을 시행하였다. 방법: 1995년 6월부터 1997년 6월까지 서남의대 남광병원에서 진폐정밀진단을 실시했던 외래환자 77명, 임상 증상이 심하여 1995년 이후로 입원하고 있는 입원환자 10명, 1995년 이후 입원중 사망한 입원사망 환자 8명 등 총 95명의 대상으로 시행하였던 병력, 흉부X-선사진, 폐기능검사, 심전도검사, 결핵균에 대한 객담도말 및 배양검사, 일반 혈액검사 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 대상환자 모두 남자였으며, 직업은 대부분 탄광부였고, 평균나이는 57.4세, 평균분진노출기간은 18.8년이었다. 대상환자의 주요 임상증상은 호흡곤란(100%), 객담(71.6%), 흉통(55.8%), 기침(23.2%), 객혈(6.3%)순 이었고, 호흡곤란의 정도는 82.1%의 대상환자들에서 Morgan-Seaton Grade 2 이상이었다. 흉부 X-선사진상 소음영은 82.1%, 대음영은 17.9%를 보였으며 소음영은 t/t형 (37.2%), q/q형 (25.6%), r/r 형(11.5%) 순이었고, 대음영은 B형이 42.2%로 제일 많았다. 폐기능검사상 69.1%에서 환기기능장애를 보였는데 제한형 40.3%, 혼합형 19.5%, 폐색형 8.3% 순 이었다. 그리고 흉부 X-선상 조밀도가 증가할수록 $FEV_1$이 현저하게 저하하였다 (p<0.01). 흉부 X-선상 37.9% 에서, 객담 항산성 도말검사에서는 15.8% 에서 결핵양성을 보였는데 폐결핵이 양성인 경우 환자의 입상상태가 심하였으며 호흡곤란의 정도도 심하였다 (p<0.0l). 입원사망 환자들은 흉부 X-선사진상 100%, 객담 항산성 도말검사에서 75%의 결핵균 양성율을 보였고 75%에서 만성폐성심의 소견을 보였으며 반복되는 호흡기감염으로 급성호흡부전과 폐성심 등의 합병증이 사망원인이었다. 결론: 진폐증환자에 있어서 폐결핵의 이환이 진폐증의 경과나 예후에 결정적인 영향을 미친다고 사료됨으로 진폐증이 발병된 환자에서 결핵의 합병을 예방하는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2000

연구목적 : 백반증 환자의 치료에서 간과되어지고 있는 심리적인 요인이 치료에서 중요하게 다루어져야 한다는 것을 제시하기 위하여 첫째 백반증 환자에서의 우울과 불안의 정도 및 성격유형이 어떠한가를 알아보고, 둘째 이 결과를 정상 대조군과 비교함으로써 환자들의 정서상태 및 성격특성을 고려하여 이들의 스트레스나 정신과적인 문제에 어떻게 접근하는 것이 도움이 될 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였으며, 마지막으로 환자들의 특성에 따른 차이를 알아봄으로써 이를 고려한 치료방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 방법 : 21명의 백반증 환자와 정상인 20명을 대상으로 Beck의 우울 검사, Spielberger의 상태-특성 불안검사 및 염태호와 김정규가 한국판 표준화한 Cattell의 16 성격요인검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 백반증 환자군과 정상 대조군 간에 우울과 불안에서 차이를 보이지 않았고, 성격특성에서는 백반증 환자군이 정상 대조군보다 소심하지만 고집이 센 것으로 나타났으며 다른 성격특성에서는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 백반증 환자들의 특성에 따른 비교에서는 여성 환자들이 더욱 민감한 것으로 나타났으며 미용 상 문제가 되는 병변 유무와 진행유무는 특별한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났지만, 30세 이상의 환자들이 지배적, 도덕적이며 의심이 많고 사변적이며 자가 충족적이고 통제적이고 독립적이며 강한 초자아를 가지고 있으며 창조적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유병기간은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 백반증 환자들은 정상인에 비해 대인관계에서 소심하면서 고집이 샌 것으로 나타나 나이에 맞는 성격 발달을 하고 있지만 대인관계에서는 문제점이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 백반증 환자들의 치료에 있어서 대인관계에서의 문제 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있는 정신과적인 접근을 피부과적인 치료법과 병용함이 유익하리라는 것을 제시한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 스트레스와 관련된 이갈이 환자의 성격요인을 MBTI를 이용하여 분석하고, 어떤 성격 유형이 이갈이 환자에게 많이 발생하는 지를 밝힘으로써 그 성격별 특징을 이해하고, 향후 환자에게 균형 잡힌 선호를 갖도록 방안을 제시하고 조언을 해줌으로써 심인성 환자의 치료 효율을 높임과 동시에, 기존과는 차별화된 다양한 생존 전략을 고심해야 할 시점에 이갈이 원인 중 성격 요인이 크다는 것을 밝혀 타 병원과의 차별성 획득 방안을 마련하고자 하는 것이다. 실증 분석 결과를 종합해보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이갈이 환자에서는 I 비율이 높게 나왔다. 이는 주의집중과 에너지 방향을 자기 내부에 집중을 하며, 사생활이 보호되는 것을 좋아하는 내향성이 스트레스 발산에 둔감할 수 있으므로 이갈이를 한다고 생각할 수 있다. 둘째, 이갈이 환자에서는 T비율이 높게 나왔다. 이는 의사결정 시에 원리, 논리, 원칙에 따르고, 분석적인 사고형이 심인성 스트레스가 크다고 생각된다. 셋째, 이갈이 환자의 ST분포가 월등히 높았다. 이는 일의 생산성과 효과, 효율성을 추구하는 보수적인 성향이 있는 유형이 이갈이를 잘 한다는 것을 의미하고, 이로 인한 긴장과 스트레스도 많으리라고 생각된다. 넷째, 이갈이 환자에서는 IJ지표가 높았다. 이는 변화하기 어렵고 준비에 철저한 성격인 결정 지향적 내향형이 이갈이를 많이 하게 된다는 결론을 가질 수 있다. 다섯째, 이갈이 환자에서 IT지표가 높았다. 내향적 사고형이 쉽게 상처받는 그들의 성격 특성상 스트레스의 강도가 크리라 생각된다. 마지막으로, 이갈이 환자에서는 IS지표가 높았다. 이는 조용하고 수동적이나 다른 사람의 감정에 대해 방어적인 내향적 감각형이 이갈이를 많이 하는 것을 의미한다. 이 결과에서 나타나듯이 이갈이 환자군은 분명한 성격유형 특징이 있다. 분석적이고 내향적인 유형이 많은 이갈이 집단이 대조군에 비해 스트레스의 인지 정도가 더 높으리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2008

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of $5.6{\pm}0.51kg$ were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1${\beta}$gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1718-1728
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro ability of keratinase to hydrolyze soybean glycinin and ${\beta}$-conglycinin and to evaluate the in vivo effects of keratinase when included in corn-soybean diets with different levels of crude protein and fed to nursery pigs. In experiment 1, a saturated keratinase solution (1 ml) was added to two blank controls of either glycinin or ${\beta}$-conglycinin resulting in the hydrolysis of 94.74% glycinin and 88.89% ${\beta}$-conglycinin. In experiment 2, 190 pigs (8.3${\pm}$0.63 kg BW) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement on the basis of body weight, and sex was balanced among the pens. The effects of crude protein (19 vs. 22%) and keratinase (0 vs. 0.05%) were studied. Each treatment was applied to six pens with seven (two pens) or eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 21 d. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved (p<0.05) with keratinase supplementation while feed intake was reduced (p<0.05). Keratinase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein and phosphorus. Keratinase supplementation also increased n-butyric acid in the cecum and colon, lactobacilli and total anaerobe counts in the colon as well as the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. Additionally, fecal score, ammonia nitrogen and branch chain volatile fatty acids in the colon, E. coli and total aerobe counts in the colon, crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum as well as serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) by keratinase supplementation. A reduction in dietary crude protein decreased (p<0.05) colon ammonia nitrogen concentration and cecal propionic acid and branch chain volatile fatty acid concentrations. In addition, cecal E. coli counts, colon total anaerobe counts, ileal crypt depth, and serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) with the reduction of dietary crude protein. With the exception of fecal scores, there were no significant interactions between crude protein and keratinase. This study provides evidence that dietary keratinase supplementation improved nursery pig performance by improving intestinal morphology and ecology, thus improving nutrient digestibility and alleviating the inflammatory response.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.209-224
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• 1999

I have practiced this reserch for the purpose of proposition of basic data for amendment and addition of computer system after I surveyed the degree of abilities and satisfaction on the computerization in nursing\ practice. Subjects were collected from September 1 to September 30, 1998. Study subjects are 151 clinical nurses who are working at university hospital in Chonbuk area. Study instrument consists of 116 questionnaire which was developed by Kim H. K(1998). The data were analized number, mean ,t-test, ANOVA by using SPSS. The study results are as follows: 1. Most of the nurses who answered the questions were educated computerizing(96%). The abilities of computer program utilities were the most in inputting data(74%). The program nurses wanted computerizing education was wordprocess, dealing internet and statistics. 2. As for applying parts of computer system in nursing, the most nurses were Dr's order check (96%), treatment activity(91.4%), medication(89.4%), lab. test(87 .4%), transfering department(85.4%), transfering room(79.5%), diet(71.8%), discharge (70.2%), Barcord Sticker(70.2%) , reservation(62.2%) in order that were all conected order system mutually to other part. It showed that computer system was not applied for treating the original nursing work such as nursing record (13%), duty scheduling(6.0%) , nursing process(4.6%) , Q.I(1.3%), nursing research(1.3%), education(1.3%), 3. As for the benefit when computer system is applied for, the most respondence was promptness of work and convenience(90.6%) , exactness of work (82.8%), offering information exactily and efficiently(36.3%), offering good quality of nursing (6.0%) in order. 4. The degree of contentment on computerizing in nursing practice showed average 3.24%. The best marking item is that they are eager to participate in the computer education. Next, the automatic output of label and giving the number automatically is to prevent loss and mentioned items of patient registration from being changed(3.95) and to prevent mistakes possibly happening because of doctor's difficult order(3.85). 5. The problems which may happen to in nurses' utilization of computerization for the nursing practice showed average 3.18. The most problem is that the practice may stop because of the problem of computer itself(3.67), and the next, the indication of act can be imperfect(3.66) , manual training may overlap because of incomplete computerization (3.60), practical education for the computerizing is lack(3.41), and the computer literate nurses are lack(3.40) . 6. Study subject's contentment by age was significant difference(F=3.10,P=0.0119). Study subject's contentment by job posision was significant difference(F=6.001P=0.0034) I will propose the following according to the above results. The domain of original nursing practice is urgernt. Manual and indication of act should be made before long in computer obstacle. Nursing department should support the nurses so that they could receive the education needed for the nurses themselves.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2000

Objectives : Risperidone is a new antipsychotic drug developed to overcome the therapeutic limitation of conventional antipsychotics. It responses to negative as well as positive symptoms by blocking both dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors, causing no significant side effects such as agranulocytosis and seizure. It is, however, not known whether it induces any serious cardiovascular side effects as evoked by other conventional antipsychotic drugs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of risperidone on cardiovascular function, and to discuss the factors affecting the cardiovascular function. Methods : For 42 patients(22 males and 20 females) diagnosed as schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-IV classification, the cardiovascular fuctions such as heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, PR interval, QRS interval and QT interval were successively checked before and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration. Furthermore, variables such as body weight, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), Anticholinergic Rating Scale(ARS), serum cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum high-density-lipoprotein level, serum WBC, serum Hb, serum platelet level, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were also analyzed before and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration. Results : 1) Risperidone treatment resulted in a significantly decreased heart rate and increased QT interval after 4 weeks administration(p<0.005 respectively). 2) The scores of BPRS and CGI were significantly decreased after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration as compared with baseline(p<0.001 respectively). The scores of ESRS and ASRS were significantly increased after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration as compared with baseline(p<0.001 respectively). 3) There were positive correlations between heart rate after 4 weeks and total dose(P<0.05). Blood pressure was significantly(p<0.05) correlated with sex(higher in male) and significantly(p<0.05) positive correlated with body weight. QT interval was significantly(p<0.05) correlated with sex(longer in female) and smoking history(shorter in smokers). Conclusions : Risperidone could induce significant change in heart rate and Q-T interval. Therefore, the cardiovascular safety for risperidone should be reconsidered according to the duration and dosage increase.