• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.684-690
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• 2003

Recently Choongchung provinces in the central part of South Korea have received increasing attention because of the newly Planned administrative capital construction. In this area, a seismic network of Korea National University of Education has been installed since September 1996, and analyzed Q$_P^{-1}$ and Q$_S^{-1}$ by the extended Coda normalization method based on 60 events recorded by 2 stations of the network. To compensate for insufficient data, we combined the data from 33 events observed at 1 of the stations of the network of Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials. Estimated Q$_P^{-1}$ and Q$_S^{-1}$ showed frequency dependence that decrease from (1.9${\pm}$3.0)${\times}$10$^{-3}$ and (2.4${\pm}$1.4)${\times}$10$^{-3}$ at 3.0 Hz to (5.4${\pm}$1.5)${\times}$10$^{-4}$ and (6.3${\pm}$1.1)${\times}$10$^{-4}$ at 24 Hz, respectively. Using a power law dependent on frequency, the best fit of Q$_P^{-1}$ and Q$_S^{-1}$ are 0.003f$^{-0.62}$ and 0.006f$^{-0.71}$ respectively. These values correspond to those of seismically stable regions, and are slightly less dependent on frequency than those of the southeastern part of Korea due to high Q$^{-1}$ values in high frequencies. Further observations are required in the central part of S. Korea to evaluate the difference of Q$^{-1}$ between central and southeastern parts of S. Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.120-126
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• 2016

This study was carried out to examine the relationships between seasonal variations of soil $CO_2$ efflux rates and soil environmental factors in matured Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis stands in the Wola national experimental forests, southern Korea. Soil $CO_2$ efflux rates were measured monthly from March 2015 to February 2016. Mean soil $CO_2$ efflux rates during the study period were significantly higher in the Q. variabilis ($mean{\pm}standard$ error; $2.27{\pm}0.22{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) than in the P. densiflora ($1.63{\pm}0.12{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) stands. Mean soil water content and pH were also significantly higher in the Q. variabilis ($26.96{\pm}0.93%$, pH 5.19) than in the P. densiflora ($21.32{\pm}0.89%$, pH 4.87) stands, while soil temperature was not significantly different between the P. densiflora ($13.92{\pm}0.67^{\circ}C$) and in the Q. variabilis ($13.52{\pm}0.70^{\circ}C$) stands. $Q_{10}$ values were higher in the Q. variabilis (3.35) than in the P. densiflora (2.72) stands. The results indicate that soil $CO_2$ efflux rates in Q. variabilis stand could be more sensitive by the change of soil temperature compared with P. densiflora stand under a similar site environmental condition.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_1
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• pp.725-733
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a temporal mask map using MCD12Q1 data, and (2) to extract the annual variations in paddy, (3) to investigate the correlation analysis between MYD13Q1 NDVI and rice yield, and (4) to review its applicability. For these purposes, the temporal mask map was created using annual MCD12Q1 PFT data from 2002 to 2019, and compared with the fixed mask map. As a result, it found that the temporal mask map well reflected the variations of the paddy area. In addition, the correlation coefficient between NDVI and rice yield was also high significant as compared to the fixed mask map. Therefore, the temporal mask map will be useful for NDVI extraction, crop monitoring, and estimation of rice yield.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral health education with Q-scan for preschool children. The 59 children were divided into two groups, one with Q-scan and the other with dentiform, and they were evaluated by interview questionnaire and measurement of dental plaque index using Quigley-Hein index. Using SPSS ver. 18.0 for statistical analysis, paired t-test and Independent t-test were carried out for dental plaque index change and chi-square independence test for change between before and after oral health education. The result of this study revealed that the dental plaque index of the children showed significant decrease of 12% more in the experimental group (p<0.001). Both groups showed significant difference in knowledge about fluorine (p<0.05) and the percentage of correct answers showed significant increase in questions about bad food for teeth (p<0.05). In attitude toward oral health, the experimental group showed significant difference in every variable (p<0.05), and the control group showed significant difference in regular oral examination and frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significant result (p<0.05) with increase in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to hold a toothbrush and decrease in the percentage of correct answers for the question about how to apply toothpaste, while the control group did not show significant difference in any variable. Therefore, Q-scan as an appropriate tool for motivation, provides effective educational methods in oral health education.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.169-179
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• 2003

Undrained shear strength of clay deposit is one of the most important properties in the design of geotechnical structures. The use of piezocone test is rapidly growing due to its merit that can measure the in-situ undrained shear strength continuously with less error. The reliability of the shear strength from piezocone test depends upon the cone factor applied. Many researchers have suggested different ranges of values for the factors. This study performs to find out the validity of the suggested values in Korea and their charateristics related to the mechanical properties of clay. Piezocone tests were performed at the site of pilot project of ground improvement at Yangsan-Mulgeum Gyeongnam to investigate the charateristics of piezocone factors. The piezocone fators$(N_{kt}, N_{ke}, N_{\Delta u})$ based on the undrained shear strength from quick triaxial compression test are generally within the suggested range. And there appears considerable relations between undrained shear strength and $(N_{kt}, N_{ke}, N_{\Delta u})$ and between preconsolidation pressure and $(N_{kt}, N_{ke})$, while plasticity index, rigidity index and friction ratio do not show any relations with cone factors. The results also reveal that factor $(N_{\Delta u})$ shows higher reliability than factors $(N_{kt} and N_{ke})$, which show smaller standard deviation, breadth of change and scattering.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

We classified the forest type and figured out the ecological characteristics for each of the types in order to provide the basic informations for being induced ecologically efficient forest practice plan by vegetation units in the natural forest of Songnisan. We established the 250 sample points and collected the vegetation data of vertical distribution for each sample. A variety of multivariate statistical methods were applied to classify the forest types. The species diversity index were analyzed to estimate the stability and maturity for forest vegetation in each the type. The types were divided from two to ten clusters by cluster analysis. The appropriate number of clusters was estimated five clusters by indicator species analysis. It was verified through the multiple discriminant analysis that the estimated number of clusters had been suitable. Based on the species composition for each the type, this study site was classified into five forest types: 1) Quercus serrata and 2) mixed mesophytic forest in the valley area, 3) Q. mongolica forest in the main ridge, 4) Pinus densiflora forest in the sub-ridge extending from the main, and 5) Q. variabilis-P. densiflora forest between the sub-ridge and valley. The species diversity index of the pine forest that had been a simple species composition was the lowest while that of the mixed mesophytic forest of which the composition had been diverse was the highest. As the forest vegetation was more varied, the index showed a tendency to increase.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.43-53
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• 2009

Knowledge retrieval service that uses collective intelligence which has special quality of open structure and can share the accumulative data is gaining popularity. However, acquiring the right needs for users from massive public knowledge is getting harder. Recently, search results from Google which is known for it's exquisite algorism, shows results for collective intelligence such as Wikipedia, Yahoo Q/A at the highest rank. Objective of this paper is to show that most answers come from human and to find the most influential people in on-line knowledge retrieval service. Hereupon, this paper suggest the influence value calculation algorism by analyzing user relation as centrality which social network is based on user activeness and reliance in Naver 지식iN. The influence value calculated by the suggested algorism will be an important index in distinguishing reliable and the right user for the question by ranking users with troubleshooting solutions in the knowledge retrieval service. This will contribute in search satisfaction by acquiring the right information and knowledge for the users which is the most important objective for knowledge retrieval service.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.140-156
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• 2004

This study, to find whether a sports activity and a speciality aptitude activity in school-childhood can affect in forming E.Q, has been done in Gyoung-Nam area and Busan wide city with asked 222 of men and women being in their school-childhood and a group of 85 people who had not joined in such activity, using a E.Q testing paper provided by Dae-Gyo Education Corp,. and Seoul National University Educational Research Institute. Following is the results after analyzing the compiled datas. 1. The E.Q. level difference between people who joined, and who not joined in a sports action activity was reported existing, the total E.Q average of those who joined was resulted 212.6, a point 29.6 higher than those not joined of 183.0 ( p< .05). As for the E.Q causing points, it resulted that the points of the joined group is generally up than that of the non-joined group, especially this difference was remarkable in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.05) 2. Joining periods of sports activity did also have relation to develping E.Q. of school-childhood according to this research, the total E.Q points of a group joined in the activity more than 2 years was 215.5 points, which was 17.4 points higher than those not joined of 186.5 points ( p< .05). Backing again to E.Q causing points in this case, it resulted without exeption of all main causes that those who joined in more than 2 years are generally higher than that of those joined less than 2 years, especially the difference was regarded as big in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.01). 3. The E.Q. differnce between those joined in a specialty aptitude activity and not joined was studied existing, the total E.Q average points of those joined in a specialty aptitude activity was 207.8, a higher figure by 21.3 points than those not joined group of 186.5 ( p< .05). As for the E.Q causing points, it resulted without exeption of all main causes that those who joined are generally higher than that of those not joined, especially for feeling recognition or feeling control, this difference was more clear, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.01). 4. It also resulted that E.Q growth depends on the periods to have joined in a speciality aptitude activity, for example, the total E.Q points of those joined in the activity more than 2 years was 217.1, a total more higher by 13.5 points than 203.6 of those not joined ( p< .05). For the E.Q. causing points, it, with the exception of empathy was resulted that those who joined in the speciality aptitude activity more than 2 years are generally higher than those joined less than 2 years, especially the difference is remarkable in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that is also remarkable ( p<.05). 5. The E.Q difference between the men and women who joined in both activities of sports & speciality aptitude was found existing, the total E.Q. average for women was resulted 214.2 points, which was 9.2 points higher than men of 205.0. As for the E.Q. causing points, which, without exeption of main causes, women's was reported being high than that of men, in special is more remarkable in terms of feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention. ( p<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2010

In addition, an intense competition depending on the diversity of consumer demands women's clothing brands show changes in market organization such as diversification of the circulation market and general market depression in this rapidly changing fashion environment. Companies tend to use fashion VMD (a marketing-strategic approach) as a differentiation method to create a fashion brand shop image as brand differentiation becomes difficult due to generalization of techniques. This study analyzes forms and types of VMD recognized by consumers within this marketing communication environment and Q methodology was adapted to analyze the subjective internal order of individuals. First, a set of stimuli that presented the brand name and another without it were prepared (two sets in total) to examine the effects in the presentation of the brand name. Stimulants with the brand name were presented to the subjects by the same method after an experiment through stimuli without the brand name presented. As a result, VMD recognition factors were classified into 4 Q factors in cases of stimuli without brand names and 2 factors in cases of stimuli with brand names. This indicates that among brand functions, the role of simplifying information management and grasping the thoughts of consumers was applied. This study has a practical value of presenting VMD directions of each brand image based on the factors discovered.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genu valgum on the body mass index, movement of lower limb joints, and ground reaction force. Methods : Gait patterns of 30 college students with genu valgum were analyzed and the static Q angle of the femur was measured for selecting genu valgum of the subjects. To analyze the kinetic changes during walking, the six-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system was used. The subjects were asked to walk 12 meters using the more comfortable walking method for walking. After they walked 12 meters more than 10 times, their most natural walking patterns were chosen three times and analyzed. Results : As a result of measuring a relationship between genu valgum and Q-angle, as the Q-angle increases, it showed a genu valgum also increased. Body Mass Index showed a significant difference between the groups was higher in the genu valgum group.(p<.001). The analysis result showed that genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment in the hip joint(p<.05). Also, genu valgum had a significant effect on the internal rotation moment of the knee joint(p<.05). The comparative analysis of the Medial-Lateral ground reaction force in the genu valgum group showed a tendency to increase the medial ground reaction force(p<.05). The vertical ground reaction forces of the middle of the stance phase(Fz0) showed a significant increase in genu valgum group(p<.05), in particular the results showed a decrease in the early stance phase(p<.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the change in body mass is considered to be made by proactive regular exercise for improvement of the genu valgum. In addition, the prevention of the deformation caused by secondary of the genu valgum in this study may be used as an indicator of the position alignment rehabilitation for structural and functional improvements. Applying a therapeutic exercise program for the next lap will require changes in posture alignment.