• 아동학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2006

Twenty-one adoptive parents participated in this study on adoption-related conflicts perceived by adoptive parents in open adoption. Q-methodology, which provides understanding of individual attitudes and experiences, identified three types of conflict. Type 1 experienced a great deal of conflict and concern prior to the adoption decision; they also faced difficulties stemming from lack of information about parenting an adopted child and institutional inertia. For type 2, the major factors of conflict were discord among siblings, negative bias against adoption in the community, and insufficient national assistance. Type 3 reported that they feel concerned for their adopted-child's developmental and psychological wellbeing they worried that adoption status might lead to behavioral and attitudinal problems in their adopted-child during youth and young adulthood.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1928-1935
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• 2015

Microbial growth kinetics is often used to optimize environmental processes owing to its relation to the breakdown of substrate (contaminants). However, the quantification of bacterial populations in the environment is difficult owing to the challenges of monitoring a specific bacterial population within a diverse microbial community. Conventional methods are unable to detect and quantify the growth of individual strains separately in the mixed culture reactor. This work describes a novel quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based genomic approach to quantify each species in mixed culture and interpret its growth kinetics in the mixed system. Batch experiments were performed for both single and dual cultures of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli K12 to obtain Monod kinetic parameters (μ_max and K_s). The growth curves and kinetics obtained by conventional methods (i.e., dry weight measurement and absorbance reading) were compared with that obtained by qPCR assay. We anticipate that the adoption of this qPCR-based genomic assay can contribute significantly to traditional microbial kinetics, modeling practice, and the operation of bioreactors, where handling of complex mixed cultures is required.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.75-99
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• 2012

Innovation can come from inside or outside organizations. Recently, organizations have begun turning to external knowledge more often, through various forms of collective intelligence (CI) as collaborative platform to solve complex problems. Several factors facilitate this CI utilization phenomenon. First, with the rapid development of Internet and social media, numerous web applications have become available to millions of the Internet users over the past few decades. Web 2.0 and social media have become innovative web applications that provide an environment for human social interaction and collaboration. Second, the diffusion of simple and easy-to-use technologies that enable users to interact and design web applications without programming skills have led to vast, previously unknown amounts of user-generated content. Finally, the Internet has enabled communities to connect and collaborate, creating a virtual world of CI. In this study, web enabled CI is defined as a composed ability of individuals who are acting as a single cognitive unit to achieve common goals, think reasonably, solve problems, make decisions, carry out complex tasks, and develop creative ideas collectively through participation and collaboration on the web. Although CI plays a critical role in organizational innovation and collaboration, the dubious quality of CI is still problem that is difficult to solve. In general, the quality level of content collected from the crowd is lower than that from professionals. Thus, it is important to identify determinants of CI quality and to analyze the relationship between CI quality and its usefulness. However, there is a lack of empirical study on the quality factors of web-enabled CI. There exist a variety of web enabled CI sites such as Threadless, iStockphoto or InnoCentive, Wikipedia, and Youtube. One of the most successful forms of web-enabled CI is the Wikipedia online encyclopedia, accessible all over the world. Another one example is Naver KnowledgeiN, a typical and popular CI site offering question and answer (Q&A) services. It is necessary to study whether or not different types of CI have a different effect on CI quality and its usefulness. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to answer to following research questions: ${\bullet}$ What determinants are important to CI quality? ${\bullet}$ What is the relationship between CI quality factors and the usefulness of web-enabled CI? ${\bullet}$ Does CI type have a moderating effect on the relationship between CI quality, its determinants, and CI usefulness? Online survey using Google Docs with email and Kakao Talk was conducted for collecting data from Wikipedia and Naver KnowledgeiN users. A totoal of 490 valid responses were collected, where users of Wikipedia were 220 while users of Naver KnowledgeiN were 270. Expertise of contributors, community size, and diversity of contributors were identified as core determinants of perceived CI quality. Perceived CI quality has significantly influenced perceived CI usefulness from a user's perspective. For improving CI quality, it is believed that organizations should ensure proper crowd size, facilitate CI contributors' diversity and attract as many expert contributors as possible. Hypotheses that CI type plays a role of moderator were partially supported. First, the relationship between expertise of contributors and perceived CI quality was different according to CI type. The expertise of contributors played a more important role in CI quality in the case of Q&A services such as Knowledge iN compared to wiki services such as Wikipedia. This implies that Q&A service requires more expertise and experiences in particular areas rather than the case of Wiki service to improve service quality. Second, the relationship between community size and perceived CI quality was different according to CI type. The community size has a greater effect on CI quality in case of Wiki service than that of Q&A service. The number of contributors in Wikipeda is important because Wiki is an encyclopedia service which is edited and revised repeatedly from many contributors while the answer given in Naver Knowledge iN can not be corrected by others. Finally, CI quality has a greater effect on its usefulness in case of Wiki service rather than Q&A service. In this paper, we suggested implications for practitioners and theorists. Organizations offering services based on collective intelligence try to improve expertise of contributeros, to increase the number of contributors, and to facilitate participation of various contributors.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2006

월출산국립공원 금생골의 식생구조 분석을 실시하기 위해 30개 조사구를 설치하고, 식생조사를 실시하였다. Classification 기법 중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군락분리를 시도한 결과, 굴참나무군락(I),상수리나무군락(II), 소나무군락(III), 소나무-상수리나무군락(IV)의 4개 군락으로 분리되었다. 이상의 분석결과 월출산국립공원 금생골의 식생은 군락 I 과 II의 경우 소나무에서 굴참나무와 상수리나무 등 참나무류로 천이가 진행된 발전단계였으며, 군락 III과 IV는 소나무가 참나무류와 경쟁관계에 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

Depending on the mode of nutrition exploitation, major fungal guilds are distinguished as ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. It is generally known that diverse environmental factors influence fungal communities; however, it is unclear how fungal communities respond differently to environment factors depend on fungal guilds. In this study, we investigated basidiomycetes communities associated with Quercus mongolica using 454 pyrosequencing. We attempted to detect guild pattern (ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic fungal communities) by comparing the influence of geography and source (root and surrounding soil). A total of 515 mOTUs were detected from root (321) and soil (394) of Q. mongolica at three sites of Mt. Jeombong in Inje County. We found that patterns of diversity and community structure were different depending on the guilds. In terms of alpha diversity, only ectomycorrhizal fungi showed significant differences between sources. In terms of community structure, however, geography significantly influenced the ectomycorrhizal community, while source appeared to have a greater influence on the saprotrophic community. Therefore, a guildbased view will help to elucidates novel features of the relationship between environmental factors and fungal communities.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.791-802
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• 2015

백두대간 조침령-신배령 구간의 응복산을 대상으로 2012년 4월부터 2013년 8월까지 영구조사구를 설치하여 조사하였다. 총 25개소($20{\times}20cm$)의 산림식생조사 자료를 토대로 Z-M식물사회학적 방법에 의해 식생유형 분류를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군이 분류되었으며, 군락단위에서는 난티나무군락과 물개암나무군락으로 세분화 되었다. 난티나무군락은 철쭉군과 산딸기군으로 나누어지며, 산딸기군은 다시 태백제비꽃소군과 줄딸기소군으로 분류되어 총 4개의 식생단위로 분류되었다. 사면의 해발고에 따른 중요치는 교목층에서 신갈나무의 중요치가 높게 나타났으며, 아교목층에서는 당단풍이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 향후 교목층에서 신갈나무가 아교목층에서는 당단풍나무로 유지될 것이다. 종 다양성 분석결과 식생 단위 3에서 0.974로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 식생단위1에서 0.725로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 종간연관 분석 결과 크게 4개의 유형으로 구분되었고, 이는 식생단위의 식별종 및 표징종과 일치하는 경향이었다. 특히 그룹 I은 철쭉의 식별종과 일치하는 경향이었으며, 그룹 III은 물개암나무군락에서 주로 출현하는 식물종으로 이루어진 그룹으로 나뉘어졌다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2015

We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between environment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although adherence to a higher diet quality may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults, literature for this in a Korean population is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korean older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 806 community-dwelling people aged 60 yrs and over in Korea. Diet quality was assessed via the revised Recommended Food Score (RFS) and alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMDS). Cognitive function was measured using a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). Associations between diet quality indices and MMSE-KC score were assessed with a general linear model after adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of MCI. RESULTS: The prevalence of MCI was 35.3%. There were no significant trends between MMSE-KC scores and RFS and aMDS after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, living status, social activity, and alcohol drinking. Among total subjects, RFS was inversely associated with the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.83). Among total subjects and men, aMDS was inversely related to the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.89 for total subjects; Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83 for men). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that high diet quality evaluated by RFS and aMDS is inversely associated with the risk of MCI. Thus, high quality diet may reduce or retard cognitive decline in the old population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between diet quality and the risk of MCI in the elderly.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.156-168
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• 2024

본 연구는 향버섯이 발생하는 임지를 대상으로 식생구조와 토양 특성을 구명하여 임지 및 환경의 필수적인 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지는 신갈나무가 우점하고 있는 신갈나무군락과 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 소나무 등이 혼재하고 있는 혼효림 형태인 굴참나무군락으로 구분되었다. 또한 전자의 군락에는 실새풀, 후자의 군락에는 애기나리와 대사초가 지표종으로써 유의한 수준으로 나타났다. 두 군락 모두 유효인산과 pH, 모래, 점토가 강한 상관성을 나타내었으며, 토양의 높은 유기물 함량과 약산성 pH는 향버섯 발생에 관련된 것으로 판단된다. 하위 층위에 나타나는 종들은 상위 층위에 출현한 종들이 실현 지위를 확보하고 있기 때문에 지속적으로 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 해당 입지는 북-동의 방위로 비교적 습윤한 입지에 분포하였고, 낙엽층 깊이가 얇고 암석노출도가 낮아 토양이 발달한 것으로 보였다. 선정된 향버섯 발생지들은 교란 또는 외부 간섭으로부터 적응성이 높은 종을 중심으로 식생이 발달하고 있었다. 이와 같은 사실을 통해 향버섯이 발생할 수 있는 임분을 간접적으로 파악할 수 있으며, 인공재배 시 향버섯 발생 촉진을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2016

This study was focused on the northernmost limit of the distribution changing of Daphniphyllum macropodum and studied characteristic of plant communities of natural monument No. 91 in Najangsan national park, Korea. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The highest importance percentage(I.P.) value at tree layer in Quercus. mongolica community was Q. mongolica, 37.8%. But the highest value of mean importance percentage(M.I.P.) was D. macropodum, 32.8%. 2. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Carpinus laxiflora community was C. laxiflora, 47.4%. The highest M.I.P. value was C. laxiflora, 28.8% and M.I.P. value of D. macropodum was 24.0%. 3. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in D. macropodum community was D. macropodum, 55.6%. C. laxiflora and Q. mogolica I.P. value was 14.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 47.9%. Sapium japonicum and C. laxiflora M.I.P. value was 11.4% and 10.7%, respectively. 4. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Quercus variabilis community was C. laxiflora, 20.8%. Q. variabilis and Acer pseudosieboldianum I.P. value was 15.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 21.5%. It needs to the continuous monitoring of vegetation and importance percentage change in tree layer and subtree layer of D. macropodum. The researching results of D. macropodum distribution, the distribution range of D. macropodum showed expanded more than range of Lim and Oh' result(1999). In other words, it was distributed low density level between Najangsa temple and Byeokryeonam, and distributed in upper Keumsun waterfall and Wonjeok upper valley. D. macropodum was appeared on hiking trails around from Wonjeokam to Bulchulbong. Especially, it was found in this study that D. macropodum was distributed on Seoraebong's north which placed outside area of Naejangsa region. In this study, it was considered that distribution range of D. macropodum was expanded. Also, it is expected to be used as a result of the field study of changing distribution study of broad leaved evergreen forest due to global warming.