• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.1 s.69
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

For treating a huge amount of plastic waste with the environment problem, pyrolysis of plastic waste into alternative fuel oil is one or important issue in recycling methods. This study was introduced over the trend or generation of plastic waste, in Korea pyrolysis technology in domestic and foreign countries, basic technology in pyrolysis process and new technology of pyrolysis developed in KIER (Korea Institute of Energy research). The characteristics of process developed in KIER are the continuous loading treatment or mixed plastic waste with an automatic control system, the minimization of wax production by circulation pyrolysis system in non-catalytic reactor, the reuse of gas produced and the oil recovery from sludge generated in pyrolysis plant, which have greatly the advantage economically and environmetally. The experiment result data in 300 ton/yr pilot plant showed about $81\;wt\%$ liquid yield for 3 days continuous reaction time, and also the boiling point distribution of light oil (LO) and heavy oil (HO) produced in distillation tower was a little higher than that of commercial gasoline and diesel, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.34-46
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• 2005

For treating a huge amount of plastic waste with the environment problem, pyrolysis of plastic waste into alternative fuel oil is one of important issue in recycling methods. This study was introduced over the trend of generation of plastic waste, pyrolysis technology in domestic and foreign countries, basic technology in pyrolysis process and new technology of pyrolysis developed in KIER (Korea Institute of Energy Research). The characteristics of process developed in KIER are the continuous loading treatment of mixed plastic waste with an automatic control system, the minimization of wax production by circulation pyrolysis system in non-catalytic reactor, the reuse of gas produced and the oil recovery from sludge generated in pyrolysis plant, which have greatly the advantage economically and environmetally. The experiment result data in 300 ton/yr pilot plant showed about 81 wt% liquid yield for 3 days continuous reaction time, and also the boiling point distribution of light oil (LO) and heavy oil (HO) produced in distillation tower was a little higher than that of commercial gasoline and diesel, respectively.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2011

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most promising technologies for converting biomass to liquid fuels. The pyrolysis oil, also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), have been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of BCO in diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the BCO. One of the easiest way to adopt BCO to diesel engine without modifications is the use of BCO/diesel emulsions. In this study, a diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), and BCO/diesel emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by BCO/diesel emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation. Long term validation of adopting BCO in diesel engine is still needed because the oil is acid, with consequent problems of corrosion especially in the injection system.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 1987

We identified pyrolysis condition, effect of catalyzer and pyrolysis mechanism through contact decomposed method by adding Bentonite in waste plastic of hospital solid waste. The result from this study were summarized as the followings: 1. The optimum fuel oil were obtained when hospital wasted plastic (P.P) and Bentonite were mixed in the ratio of 30:1. 2. Maximum absorption wave of hospital wasted plastic (P.P) appeared at 2900cm$^{-1}$, 1480cm$^{-1}$, 1360cm$^{-1}$ and 1180 cm$^{-1}$ by FT-IR and the plastics were identified and confirmed. 3. Reaction temperature of hospital wasted plastic started at 360$\circ$C, proceed rapidly at 437.5$\circ$C and finished at 481$\circ$C. The residue was 0.729%. When bentonire was added started at 318$\circ$C, proceed rapidly at 399.5$\circ$C and finished at 449.3$\circ$C, the residue being 4.23%. 4. Pyrolysis products of hospital wasted plastic were about 90 kinds. The Main components were 2-Heptene-3-ethyl-4-trimethyl (27.4%), 1-Heptene-2-isobutyl-6-methyl (8.6%) and 1-Heptene decene (7.7%). There was little component difference at different temperature. This is the result from stability of decomposition product. 5. Pyrolysis efficiency increased by the addition Bentonire. 6. Some of the Environmental and Sanitary problems could be solved by the pyrolysis of hospital wasted plastic and the decomposed products were to be used as fuel oil.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2018

Oil shale is the sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which is one of the abundant unconventional fuel. In the pyrolysis process, oil, gas and coke are produced from the decomposition of oil shale. In this study, TGA and the continuous pyrolysis of oil shale have been investigated for the clean conversion of oil shale. Effects of reaction temperature and residence time on the pyrolysis conversion and oil production rate have been determined. Conversion of oil shale increases with increasing the reaction temperature and residence time. Optimum conditions for oil production were reaction temperature of $450{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ at the residence time of 30 min.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.596-602
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• 2006

The effects of resin additives and inorganic compounds addition on the thermal decomposition of low density polyethylene(LDPE) resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer(TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The silica-alumina type compounds tested were kaolinite, bentonite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated clay and clay. The resin additives were antiforgging-agent and longevity-agent. As the results of TGA experiments, addition of antifogging-agent, longevity-agent and clay increased the temperature of the maximum reaction rate($T_{max}$). The silica-alumina type inorganic materials increased the pyrolysis reraction rate in the order of activated clay, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, perlites, and kaolinite. In the DSC experiments, addition of antifogging-agent and clay decreased the heat of fusion and the heat of pyrolysis reaction. Bentonite decreased 20% of the heat of fusion and 25% of the heat of pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of clay retarded the initial producing rate of fuel oil, but increased the yield of fuel oil. Addition of bentonite increased the yield of fuel oil from LDPE resin. Mixing of antifogging-agent and longevity-agent produced the fuel oil having lower carbon number. The amounts of the carbon number below 12 in fuel oil decreased with adding the clay. That below 23 in fuel oil increased with mixing of bentonite, perlite, kaolinite, and activated clay. But the mixing of diatomaceous earth did not affect the carbon contents of fuel oil from pure LDPE resin. In the silica-alumina type inorganic material used in this experiments, bentonite was the most effective from the pyrolysis heat, yields, and the characteristics of fuel oil.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The target of this work was the process development of demonstration plant to produce the high quality alternative fuel oil by the pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste. In the first step of research, the bench-scale units of 70 t/y and the pilot plant of 360 t/y had been developed. Main research contents in this step were the process performance test of pilot plant of 360 ton/year and the development of demonstration plant of 3,000 t/y, which was constructed at Korea R & D Company in Kimjae City. The process performance of pilot plant of 360 t/y showed about 80% yield of liquid product, which was obtained by both light gas oil(LGO) and heavy gas oil(HGO), The boiling point range distribution of LO product that was mainly consisting of olefin components in PONA group appeared at between that of commercial gasoline and kerosene. On the other hand, HO product was mainly paraffin and olefin components and also appeared at upper temperature distribution range than commercial diesel. Gas product showed a high fraction of $C_3\;and\;C_4$ product like LPG composition, but also a high fraction of $CO_2$ and CO by probably a little leak of process.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

The effects of zeolite-type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of the PP resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer, a Pyrolyser GC-mass, and a small batch reactor. The zeolite type catalysts tested were natural zeolite, used FCC catalyst, and ZSM-5. As the results of TGA experiments, the pyrolysis starting temperature for PP varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to the heating rate. Addition of the zeolite type catalysts in the PP resin increased the pyrolysis rate in the order of used FCC catalyst> natural zeolite> ZSM-5 > PP resin. Adding the used FCC catalyst in the PP reduced most effectively the pyrolysis finishing temperature. In the PY-G.C. mass experiments, addition of zeolite type catalysts decreased the molecular weight of pyrolyzed product. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of used FCC catalyst enhanced best the initial yield of fuel oil, but the final yield of fuel oil was 2% higher in the case of mixing of natural zeolite. Also in the carbon number analysis, used FCC catalyst was the most useful one in this experiments for fuel oil.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2020

The bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass contains a high amount of oxygenates, causing variation in the properties of bio-oil, such as instability, high acidity, and low heating value, reducing the quality of the bio-oil. Consequently, an upgrading process should be recommended ensuring that these bio-oils are widely used as fuel sources. Catalytic fast pyrolysis has attracted a great deal of attention as a promising method for producing upgraded bio-oil from biomass feedstock. In this study, the fast pyrolysis of tulip tree was performed in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor under different reaction temperatures, with and without catalysts, to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature and catalysts on product yield and bio-oil quality. The system used silica sand, ferric oxides (Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄), and H-ZSM-5 as the fluidized-bed material and nitrogen as the fluidizing medium. The liquid yield reached the highest value of 49.96 wt% at 450 ℃, using Fe₂O₃ catalyst, compared to 48.45 wt% for H-ZSM-5, 47.57 wt% for Fe₃O₄ and 49.03 wt% with sand. Catalysts rejected oxygen mostly as water and produced a lower amount of CO and CO₂, but a higher amount of H₂ and hydrocarbon gases. The catalytic fast pyrolysis showed a high ratio of H₂/CO than sand as a bed material.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2006

Fueled by ballooning oil prices, waste plastics are now regarded as being cheap and abundant renewable sources, removing their stigma of dirty wastes Catalytic pryolysis of plastics in liquid phase allows recovery of light fuel oil as well as green treatment of polymerics wastes, and therefore significant efforts have been devoted to this research field. In this study, catalytic Pyrolysis of LDPE was carl ied out in semi-batch reactor which equipped a unit of separation and recirculation. The effect of react ion conditions were examined by analyzing liquid oil yield and carbon number distribution of products