• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.332-342
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• 2013

In the present study, carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by carbonizing a methyl imide hollow fiber precursor, which was spun by non-solvent induced phase separation process. And effects of carbonization parameters such as pre-oxidation, pyrolysis, and post-oxidation on the gas permeation were systematically investigated. CMS membrane having the highest gas flux was obtained by carbonizing the precursor through a combined process of air pre-oxidation at $250^{\circ}C$ for 2h, nitrogen pyrolysis at $550^{\circ}C$ for 2h, and oxygen post-oxidation at $250^{\circ}C$ for 2h. The optimized membrane showed a considerable gas permeance : the $H_2$, He, $CO_2$ permeances were 69.72, 35.61, 31.01 GPU, respectively, and the $O_2$ and $N_2$ permeances were ignorable. Therefore, it was clear that the prepared CMS hollow fiber membrane was a promising membrane for recovering small gases such as hydrogen and hellium and carbon dioxide.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.640-646
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• 2021

In this study, pitch was synthesized using pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). Coke with mesophase microstructure was then prepared from the synthesized pitch and its properties were evaluated. Pitch was synthesized by poly-condensation reaction, which is an endothermic reaction at a temperature above 400 ℃ because the PFO was mainly composed of molecules with two to three aromatic rings. The Coke reactor was composed of the pretreatment reactor, preheater for applying heat energy, and coke drum for inducing microstructure of coke. Coke was prepared from synthesized pitch by controlling the temperature of the preheater to 400~490 ℃, and properties were evaluated by polarization microscope, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The coke prepared at a preheater temperature of 460 ℃ identified flow anisotropic microstructure, and the electrical conductivity was 72.0 S/cm due to high crystallinity. And the flow anisotropic coke showed approximately 2.2 times higher electrical conductivity than that of Super-P, a conductive carbon material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

Gasification characteristics in the fluidized bed reactor are essential for the design of a gasification furnace to optimize the operation condition. Moisture content of the solid fuel is one of the important factors to influence directly the gasification characteristics. So it is necessary to investigate the effect of moisture content of solid fuel in partial oxidation condition. Gasification characteristics are investigated with results from thermogravimetric analyzer and lab-scale fluidized bed reactor for wood and RDF samples along with changing moisture contents. Additionally lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was run continuously and gas concentrations at the exit were measured. It is observed that the rate of reaction in partial oxidation condition is between the results from the combustion environment and from the inert condition. Moisture content in a particle slows down the heating rate of a particle. So, reaction is delayed by the moisture content. However, RDF samples those are easy to break-up don't show the effect of moisture content. The result of continuous operation condition shows that proper moisture content promotes gasification because steam from the particles helps gasification of the solid fuel. A simulation to predict the syn-gas composition was conducted by the Aspen Plus process simulator. The cold gas efficiency of the experiment was compared with results from the simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2000

The temperature profiles of gas phase and the concentration profiles of GaN precursors in an inverted OMVPE reactor have been carried out by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. Pure rotational Raman scattering from the carrier gas (rd) was used to determine the temperature profiles in the reactor, and a large temperature gradient perpendicular the susceptor surface was observed. The homogeneous gas phase decompositions of the OMVPE precursors were investigated by the vibrational Raman spectra, and it was found that the pyrolyses of $NH_3$ and TMGa begin above 800 K and 650 K, respectively, but a noticeable amount of precursors remain undecomposed even in the region very close to the susceptor.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2017

Pure $In_2O_3$, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% Mg doped $In_2O_3$ hollow spheres were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of a solution containing In-, Mg-nitrate and sucrose and their gas sensing characteristics to 5 ppm $C_2H_5OH$, p-xylene, toluene, and HCHO were measured at 250, 300 and $350^{\circ}C$. Although the addition of Mg decreases the specific surface area and the volume of meso-pores, the gas response (resistance ratio) of the 0.5 wt% Mg doped $In_2O_3$ hollow spheres to 5 ppm $C_2H_5OH$ at $350^{\circ}C$ (69.4) was significantly higher than that of the pure $In_2O_3$ hollow spheres (24.4). In addition, the Mg doped $In_2O_3$ hollow spheres showed the highest selectivity to $C_2H_5OH$. This was attributed to the dehydrogenation of $C_2H_5OH$ assisted by basic MgO into reactive $CH_3CHO$ and $H_2$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.901-906
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• 1997

Ultrafine silicon dioxide($SiO_2$) powder was prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) by the gas-phase reaction. The effects of reaction temperature, flow rate of gas, TEOS concentration, and preheating temperature of reactants on the particle size were investigated. As the reaction temperature increased, average particle size of the silicone dioxide powder became smaller. Smaller particles were also obtained with decreasing the residence time of reactants in the reaction zone. Larger particles having narrow size distribution were produced with the high concentrations of the reactants. The effect of the preheating temperature was not considerable on the average particle size. The range of average particle size was from 30 nm to 58 nm depending on experimental conditions.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2004

Nanosized WC and WC-Co powders were synthesised by chemical vapor condensation(CVC) process using the pyrolysis of tungsten hexacarbonyl(W(CO)$_6$) and cobalt octacarbonyl(Co$_2$(CO)$_8$). The microstructural changes and phase evolution of the CVC powders during post heat-treatment were studied using the XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and ICP-MS. CVC powders were consisted of the loosely agglomerated sub-stoichimetric WC$_{1-x}$ and the long-chain Co nanopowders. The sub-stochiometric CVC WC and WC-Co powders were carburized using the mixture gas of CH$_4$-H$_2$ in the temperature range of 730-85$0^{\circ}C$. Carbon content of CVC powder controlled by the gas phase carburization at 85$0^{\circ}C$ was well matched with the theoretical carbon sioichiometry of WC, 6.13 wt％. During the gas phase carburization, the particle size of WC increased from 20 nm to 40 nm and the long chain structure of Co powders disappeared.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.560-566
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• 1999

PDTF (Pressurized drop tube furnace) experiments using variations of temperature, oxygen/coal ratio, steam/coal and pressure with Roto coal (Sub A) were performed in order to investigate the effects of these experimental parameters on global gasification characteristics at elevated pressure. The results shows that the gasification at elevated pressure is more profitable than that at atmospheric pressure considering the carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency. The oxygen/coal ratio at which maximum cold gas efficiency was appeared ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 g/g. only when the temperature is sufficiently high enough, the raise of steam/coal ratio brings improvement of cold gas efficiency. As the pressure increased, the volume of carbon conversion by heterogeneous reaction increased but the volume of carbon conversion by pyrolysis decreased relatively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.23-31
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• 1999

PDTF(Pressurized drop tube furnace) experiments using varied temperature, oxygen/coal ratio, steam/coal ratio and pressure with Roto coal(Sub A) were performed in order to investigate the effects of these experimental parameters on global gasification characteristics at elevated pressure. The results shows that the gasification at elevated pressure is more profitable than that at atmospheric pressure considering the carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency. The oxygen/coal ratio at which maximum cold gas efficiency was appeared ranged from 0.5 to 0.7g/g. Only when the temperature is sufficiently high enough, the raise of steam/coal ratio brings improvement of cold gas efficiency. As the pressure increased, the volume of carbon conversion by heterogeneous reaction increased but the volume of carbon conversion by pyrolysis decreased relatively.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

Real-time formation of $L1_0$ phase of FePt nanoparticles in the gas phase during ultrasonic-spray pyrolysis is first discussed in the present study. Without any post heat treatment, $L1_0$ phase of FePt nanoparticles appeared at the temperature above $900^{\circ}C$ in the gas phase synthesis. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that FePt nanoparticles less than 10 nm in size contained small volume of $L1_0$ fct phase. However, in other samples obtained at the temperature below $900^{\circ}C$, iron oxide phase co-existed and no evidence of phase transformation was found. Thus, it is anticipated that the time of flight of particles required for crystallization and phase transformation was extended according to the increase of the collision rate. Finally, magnetic properties represented by coercivity and saturation magnetization and functional groups on the particle surface were discussed based on VSM and FT-IR results.