• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.326-344
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• 2020

옻칠의 건조속도를 향상시키기 위해 Laccase를 적용하여 효소첨가제로써의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 옻칠의 Laccase와 부후균의 Laccase를 적용한 경우 국내산과 중국산 모두 건조시간이 단축되었다. Laccase를 적용한 시험편 모두 건조시작 60분 안에 지촉건조가 이루어졌으며, Laccase의 함량비율이 높아질수록 건조속도가 향상되었다. 또한 국내산 옻칠과 중국산 옻칠의 경화건조시간의 차이는 있지만 온도 20 ± 2 ℃, 습도 55-60 %의 상온에서도 경화건조가 이루어지는 것이 확인되었다. 건조된 시험편의 도막분석 결과, 우루시올 대비 Laccase 함량비율이 5:1일 때 건조속도가 향상되었으며, 색차와 밀착력의 차이가 없고 도막이 안정적임을 확인하였다. Laccase를 적용한 경우 국내산과 중국산 옻칠의 광택도가 모두 감소되는 양상이 관찰되었으나 이외 FT-IR과 Py-GC/MS의 분석결과 물성에 영향을 미치는 정도의 성분변화는 나타나지 않아 첨가제로써의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

열중량 분석기와 파이롤라이저-가스크로마토그래피/질량분석기를 이용하여 폐플라스틱 필름의 열분해 특성연구를 수행하였다. 열중량 분석 결과, 최근 사용량이 증가된 녹말 첨가 바이오 플라스틱의 영향으로 폐플라스틱 필름의 열분해는 $200^{\circ}C$에서 $370^{\circ}C$ 사이의 녹말 분해구간과 $370^{\circ}C$에서 $510^{\circ}C$ 사이의 PS, PP, PE와 같은 플라스틱계열의 고분자 분해구간을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Revised Ozawa method를 이용한 동역학 분석 결과 폐플라스틱 필름의 열분해 반응 활성화 에너지는 녹말과 플라스틱계열 고분자의 다른 분해 반응에 의해 급격하게 변화되었다. 파이롤라이저-가스크로마토그래피/질량분석 결과 폐플라스틱 필름에 포함된 각 고분자의 열분해 부산물인 levoglucosan (녹말), terephthalic acid (PET), styrene monomer/dimer/trimer (PS), methylated alkenes (PP), alkadiene/alkene/alkane으로 구성된 triplet 피크 (PE)가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 고분자 첨가제로 사용되는 프탈레이트 성분도 검출되었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

옻칠은 천연도료로써 기원전 1~2세기부터 한반도에서 사용되었으며 접착제로도 활용되었다. 이러한 접착제로써의 기능은 고문헌과 실제 출토되는 유물에서 찾을 수 있으며, 아교, 밀가루, 어교 등을 혼합하여 사용했다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구는 첨가물을 혼합한 칠의 정성분석을 통하여 칠분석 및 혼합재료에 대한 분석가능성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 첨가물을 혼합한 칠에 대한 정성분석 결과, EGA분석을 통해 옻, 찹쌀풀, 아교의 열분해 온도를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 Py-GC/MS 분석을 통해 생칠 시료의 경우 우루시올 곁사슬(R기)에서 유래된 열분해 산물을 확인하였으며, 찹쌀풀과 아교 각각 글루코오스와 아미노산에서 유래된 물질로 추정되는 성분이 검출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 옻과 첨가물별 최적의 열분해 온도를 확인하였으며, 열분해 산물에 대한 기초 정성분석 값을 제시하였다. 첨가물 혼합 비율별 정성분석을 실시하여 실제 유물에서 관찰되는 칠 접착제 분석 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내 Holstein 젖소의 유생산 및 선형심사 형질의 유전적 특성을 파악하기 위해 실시하였다. 자료는 2009년 1월부터 2013년 4월까지 분만한 1산차인 Holstein 젖소 10,218두의 능력검정 자료와 유방 및 지제의 선형심사 자료를 이용하였고, 능력검정 자료 및 선형심사 자료는 각각 농협중앙회 젖소개량사업소 및 사)한국종축개량협회에서 수집한 자료이며, 사)한국종축개량협회의 33,436두에 대한 혈통정보를 분석에 활용하였다. 각 형질의 유전모수 추정은 Animal Model에 근거하여 개발 된 WOMBAT package를 이용하였으며, 추정된 유전분산 및 잔차분산을 이용하여 유전력을 계산하였다. 유량(MY), 유지방량(FY), 유단백량(PY), 유지방율(FP), 유단백율(PP) 및 체세포지수(SCS)의 유전력은 각각 0.128, 0.144, 0.100, 0.273, 0.333 및 0.090이었으며, 유방깊이(UD), 유방질(UT), 정중제인대(MS), 앞유방 붙음성(FUA), 앞유두 위치(FTP), 뒷유방 높이(RAH), 뒷유방 너비(RAW), 뒷유두 위치(RTP), 유두길이(FTL), 발굽기울기(FA), 뒤꿈치 깊이(HD), 뼈질(BQ), 옆에서 본 뒷다리(RLSV), 뒤에서 본 뒷다리(RLRV) 및 보행성(LC)에 대해 각각 0.179, 0.066, 0.104, 0.109, 0.127, 0.099, 0.059, 0.069, 0.154, 0.014, 0.010, 0.052, 0.065, 0.175 및 0.031로 추정되었다. MY와 UD, UT, FTP, RAW, FTL, FA 및 RLSV의 유전상관은 각각 0.334, 0.271, 0.445, 0.544, 0.076, -0.281 및 -0.228 이었고, PP와 MS, FTP, RTP, FTL, FA, BQ, RLSV, RLRV 및 LC의 유전상관은 각각 -0.147, -0.182, -0.262, -0.136, 0.355, 0.311, 0.135, 0.233 및 0.143으로 나타났다. 특히, MY는 RAW와 가장 높은 정의상관(0.544)을 나타낸 반면, SCS는 LC와 가장 높은 부의상관(-0.603)을 나타냈다. FP는 대부분의 유방 선형심사형질과 부의상관 관계를 나타낸 반면, FP는 지제 선형심사형질과 정의상관(0.056~0.355) 관계를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.984-988
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• 2003

The actinomycete strain KH-6l4 possessed strong antifungal activity, especially antagonistic to the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae. Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type and morphological and physiological characteristics, examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated that KH-614 belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Antifungal agent produced by this strain was found to be most active, when the strain was cultured in the presence of glucose, polypeptone, and yeast extract (PY) medium for 6 days at $27^{\circ}C$. Based on the spectral report data, MS and NMR, the antifungal agent was identified as cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl). According to the antimicrobial activity test measured by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the cyclo(1eu-pro) exhibited the activity against Candida albicans IAM 4905, Mucor ramannianus IAM6218, Rhizoctonia solani IFO 6218, Aspergilus fumigatus ATCC 42202, Glomerella cingulata IFO 9767, Trichophton mentagrophytes ATCC 18749, and Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 44766, the order of MIC values were 50, 12.5, 5, 50, 25, 5, $5\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, respectively. Specifically, cyclo(1eu-pro) was one of the most effective elements against Pyricularia oryzae IFO 5994 with the MIC value of $2.5\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, thus indicating that cyclo(leu-pro) is a potential antifungal agent.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.524-534
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• 1997

고무가황체는 고분자인 천연고무 및 합성고무에 여러 가지 유기첨가제를 배합하여 만든다. 이와 같은 배합고무의 분석은 여러 가지 다른 성질을 갖는 다양한 첨가제들로 인하여 많은 전처리 과정을 거쳐야 하므로 그 분석이 용이하지 않다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 열분해 가스크로마토그래피질량분석법(Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)을 이용하여 고무가황체 중의 유기 고무약품들의 직접분석을 시도하였다. 점착제인 쿠마론-인덴수지(coumarone-indene resin $C-90^{TM}$), 접착제인 알킬페놀 레조시놀 포름알데히드 수지, 가류지연제 등의 고무첨가제의 열분해과정 및 열분해체들의 질량스펙트럼들을 확인하였고 이를 통하여 복잡한 구성 성분으로 이루어진 가황고무 중에서 이들 배합제의 직접분석이 가능하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.486-497
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• 2019

The non-isothermal and isothermal pyrolysis properties of H lignin and P lignin extracted from different biorefinery processes (such as supercritical water hydrolysis and fast pyrolysis) were studied using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The lignins were characterized by ultimate/proximate analysis, FT-IR and GPC. Based on the thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves, the thermal decomposition stages were obtained and the pyrolysis products were analyzed at each thermal decomposition stage of non-isothermal pyrolysis. The isothermal pyrolysis of lignins was also carried out at 400, 500, and $600^{\circ}C$ to investigate the pyrolysis product distribution at each temperature. In non-isothermal pyrolysis, P lignin recovered from a fast pyrolysis process started to decompose and produced pyrolysis products at a lower temperature than H lignin recovered from a supercritical water hydrolysis process. In isothermal pyrolysis, guaiacyl and syringyl type were the major pyrolysis products at every temperature, while the amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl type and aromatic hydrocarbons increased with the pyrolysis temperature.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2024

Objectives: This is a case of air exposure assessment conducted after researchers complained of headaches and odor due to residual substances from fire extinguishing agents spread throughout the laboratory due to a malfunction of the fire extinguishing facility. Methods: A component analysis was conducted on the residual substances of a fire extinguishing agent spread in a laboratory using Py-GC-MS (pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry) at the research institute's own central equipment research center. As a result of the component analysis, several types of substances were detected. Among these, five types of substances subject to work environment measurement in the aromatic hydrocarbon series, which can affect headaches and odor, were selected as substances subject to exposure assessment in the air, and the measurement and analysis methods of the target substances were conducted in accordance with the KOSHA Guide for each substance. Conclusions: The measurement results showed that all 5 types of substances were not detected at locations A, B, and C. This is believed to be the result of the residual substances in the fire extinguishing agent being measured when approximately two months had elapsed after being exposed to the test bench, and the substances already exposed had volatilized and disappeared. In this survey, it is believed that the measurement process is more important than the measurement results.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiomic features derived from breast MRI for predicting the upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed using percutaneous needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: Between August 2018 and June 2020, 95 patients with 98 DCIS lesions who underwent preoperative breast MRI, including an ultrafast sequence, and subsequent surgery were included. Four ultrafast MRI parameters were analyzed: time-to-enhancement, maximum slope (MS), area under the curve for 60 s after enhancement, and time-to-peak enhancement. One hundred and seven radiomic features were extracted for the whole tumor on the first post-contrast T1WI and T2WI using PyRadiomics. Clinicopathological characteristics, ultrafast MRI findings, and radiomic features were compared between the pure DCIS and DCIS with invasion groups. Prediction models, incorporating clinicopathological, ultrafast MRI, and radiomic features, were developed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance in distinguishing between the two groups using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: Thirty-six of the 98 lesions (36.7%) were confirmed to have invasive components after surgery. Compared to the pure DCIS group, the DCIS with invasion group had a higher nuclear grade (P < 0.001), larger mean lesion size (P = 0.038), larger mean MS (P = 0.002), and different radiomic-related characteristics, including a more extensive tumor volume; higher maximum gray-level intensity; coarser, more complex, and heterogeneous texture; and a greater concentration of high gray-level intensity. No significant differences in AUCs were found between the model incorporating nuclear grade and lesion size (0.687) and the models integrating additional ultrafast MRI and radiomic features (0.680-0.732). Conclusion: High nuclear grade, larger lesion size, larger MS, and multiple radiomic features were associated with DCIS upstaging. However, the addition of MS and radiomic features to the prediction model did not significantly improve the prediction performance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3295-3305
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• 2011

Thermal behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate) was analyzed in the presence of tin (IV) chloride. Five different proportions - polymer to additive - were selected for casting films from common solvent. TG, DTG and DTA were employed to monitor thermal degradation of the systems. IR and py-GC-MS helped identify the decomposition products. The blends start degrading at a temperature lower than that of the neat polymer and higher than that of the pure additive. Complex formation between tin of additive and carbonyl oxygen (pendent groups of MMA units) was noticed in the films soon after the mixing of the components in the blends. The samples were also heated at three different temperatures to determine the composition of residues left after the expulsion of volatiles. The polymer, blends and additive exhibited a one step, two-step and three-step degradation, respectively. $T_0$ is highest for the polymer, lowest for the additive and is either $60^{\circ}C$ or $70^{\circ}C$ for the blends. The amount of residue increases down the series [moving from blend-1 (minimum additive concentration) to blend-5 (maximum additive concentration)]. For blend-1, it is 7% of the original mass whereas it is 16% for blend-5. $T_{max}$ also goes up as the concentration of additive in the blends is elevated. The complexation appears to be the cause of observed stabilization. Some new products of degradation were noted apart from those reported earlier. These included methanol, isobutyric acid, acid chloride, etc. Molecular-level mixing of the constituents and "positioning effect" of the additive may have brought about the formation of new compounds. Routes are proposed for the appearance of these substances. Horizontal burning tests were also conducted on polymer and blends and the results are discussed. Activation energies and reaction orders were calculated. Activation energy is highest for the polymer, i.e., 138.9 Kcal/mol while the range for blends is from 51 to 39 Kcal/mol. Stability zones are highlighted for the blends. The interaction between the blended parts seems to be chemical in nature.