• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

The putting stroke accounts for 40~50% of total stroke for a golf rounding and most golfers have difficulties on the puting. Studies for the putting stroke have been conducted by analyzing various factors such as kinematics, kinetics, psychologic and physiologic parameters. A lot of devices were developed to support the studies. However there was no appropriate method to measure the position of the ball quantitatively. In this study, we developed a new measurement system to measure and evaluate the putting result. The developed system uses a USB camera to take the 2-dimensional image of the surface including the hole cup at the center of the image and the ball. The position of the ball is extracted as a set of distance and angle in polar coordinate system. We evaluated the new system with an indoor set-up for putting experiments and the system provided accurate measurement results. The proposed system can be combined with the other measurement systems such as 3D motion capture system and force plate without any restriction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2018

This study proposes measures and methods to reduce healthcare associated infections by comparing and analyzing the bacterial contamination level before and after putting on personal protective equipment (PPE) on the test equipment and the contact infected patients getting chest PA projections. Among the 50 inpatients who were diagnosed with C. difficile, MRSA, and VRE, 28 patients who were instructed to undergo chest PA projection and follow-up were chosen, The 3 parts that come in contact with the detector, chin, chest, and hands, were designated for all, and the bacterial contamination level before and after disinfection and before and after putting PPE was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using Medcalc version 14, and quantitative analysis was performed using paired student t-test, with statistical significance being noted at p<0.05. Results for the comparison of the mean values before and after disinfection of the detector, chin (3.000), chest (2.000), and hands (3.430), showed that the number of bacteria after disinfection was lower than it was before disinfection. Analyzing for each part before and after disinfection, there were statistically significant differences for the chin, chest, and hands (p<0.01). Results for the comparison of the mean values before and after putting on PPE, chin (2.202), chest (2.140), and hands (4.213), showed that the number of bacteria after putting on PPE was lower than it was before putting on PPE. Analyzing for each part before and after putting on PPE, there were statistically significant differences for the chin, chest, and hands (p<0.03). As a result, it was confirmed that the number of bacteria after putting on PPE was lower than it was before putting it on. In the future, expanding the research scope for contact infected patients will establish standards for quarantine guidelines depending on the way it spreads, and contribute to the prevention of healthcare associated infections.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2007

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Recently, many domestic golf course have showed interest in introducing new cultivars into existing putting greens without reconstruction. But, any report and survey method for interseeding substitute ratio haven't been published. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness for interseeding by investigating how many interseeding plants were introduced into existing putting green by using molecular biologic tool. The Woo Jung Hills Country Club was one time introduced penn A4 into penncross putting green. The Lake Side Country Club was three times introduced CY-2 into penncross putting green. The interseeding substitute ratio using SCAR markers was 20% in the Woo Jung Hills Country Club and 35.5% in Lake Side Country Club. The interseeding putting green in Lake Side Country Club was investigated to three site, strong pressure, middle pressure and weak pressure. These substitute ratios were strong pressure 27.1%, middle pressure 37.3%, and weak pressure 47.2%. The data indicated that an interseeding substitute ratio was more increased three times than one time to introducing new cultivar into existing putting green. A long-term program should be made in order to exchange existing cultivar in putting green without reconstruction.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Robot has been developed as something to help human beings, and robot will be very important field as an entertainment. This paper intends to contribute to developing golf robot as an entertainment using AVR ATmega Chips. It is believed that the entertaining robot giving a pleasure to human beings has good prospects for the rapid growth along with other robot industry. Golf robot developed in this paper has been developed for entertainment and has a similar sense in comparison with the real golf. This golf robot is represented in the way of putting the ball in the hall by hitting the ball just like the actual golf game and putting through making robot come close to the ball with the putting robot. This golf robot can playa game with several people like the actual golf if many putting robots can be used. It is, therefore, considered that the development of golf robots for entertainment using AVR has a high value of the golf robot as an entertainer on the ground that it can playa real golf.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

This studies was carried out to estimate the influence of mowing height, time lapse, rolling, and dew removal on green speed of putting green in Lake Side C. C. on 29, 30 Jun. 1998. The results were as follows. As mowing height increased, green speed tended to be decreased. After mowing, green speed tended to be decreased over the time, and appeared to be decrease significantly on the next day[Y=3.206-0.127.X1-1.41$\times$10-2.X4(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X4=time lapse)]. This suggests that the frequency of mowing must be increased to maintain the green speed. But, frequent mowing cause the turfgrass of putting green to be stressed. Rolling tended to increase green speed[Y=3.555-0.202.X1+0.111.X2(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X2=rolling)]. Thus, rollers is thought to be an tool used to increase green speed and rolling is expected to be able to decrease turfgrass stress while maintaining the performance level of the putting green. Dew removal appeared to increase green speed significantly[Y=2.499-0.125.X1+0.366.X3(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X3=dew removal)]. Thus, dew removal is expected to maintain the green speed in the morning.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was development and evaluation of putting training system with specialized guides which were adjustable its width and changeable its distance from the ball. The system hardwares that used in this study were made by LEGO NXT and Tetrix set. The system software was made by LabVIEW ver. 2010. The subjects were organized in non-experts(10persons) and KPGA(5persons) players. The putting training schedule was composed of 10 sets and each sets were identically same, which were organized in 4 different width of its guide at 3 different distance from the ball hitting spot, 3 repetition each. The speed/acceleration in wrist area and movement in head area were both reduced by the putting training. Most of testees submitted positive comments in aspect of concentration and motivation. This training method which had changeable width and distance will be able to adapt easily to another sports for the handicapped and the elderly such as ParkGolf or Gateball.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

USGA green specification is currently accepted in construction method of Korea. This study was carried out to find the factors influencing growth of turfgrass associated with soil physical properties of soil root-zone on golf green constructed with USGA method. Three putting greens in poor turfgrass and one in good turfgrass condition were selected for investigation on one golf course site at mid-South Korean peninsula. Soil hardness, moisture content, root length, and turf density were measured on-site greens, and soil physical properties and soil chemical properties also analyzed in laboratory. As a result of on-site surveys and soil physical tests in laboratory, soil physical properties were most important factors which influenced on turfgrass growth at tested greens. The results of soil particle analysis on green No. 2, in good turf condition, matched USGA sand particle recommendations. But those greens such as Nos. 1, 11 and 16, in poor putting greens, showed high soil compaction and improper soil particle distribution. Those factors created low leaf density, poor root depth, and higher moisture content compared with lower part of topsoil. Such phenomena caused inadequate turfgrass growth with soil hardening associated with poor drainage. Therefore, declines of soil physical properties associated with improper particle distribution caused a major factor influencing on turfgrass growth in golf green. Adequate test of soil particle analysis by USGA specification and proper construction method followed by adequate turf maintenance should be performed to obtain optimal turf quality on putting green.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.269-278
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a goal setting method for increasing the probability of a holed in a side inclined putting stroke. Method: Three-dimensional video data was recorded at a frequency of 120 hz per second after synchronizing 19 infrared motion capture systems (Qualisys, Gothenburg, Sweden). Putting green used a polycarbonate plate ($1.2{\times}2.4{\times}0.01meter$) with coefficient of friction (${\mu}=0.062$) and a real curve of the actual hole. Results: The velocity ratio between the club and the ball was 1:1.6 under various ball speed conditions in this study. The overall position of the break is 1 m to 1.4 m from the point where the ball leaves. If there is a slope, the ball follows the target line by the straightening force, and when it reaches 1 m position, the straightening force decreases by 30~50% and reaches to the deviation (break) point which is severely influenced by the slope. From here, the ball is aimed in a direction other than the target, and the size is affected by the slope. Conclusion: If there is a side slope, the ball moves away from the straight line, and the larger the slope, the closer the break point is to the starting point of the ball. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the degree of departure according to the slope carefully, and it is preferable that the slower the speed is, the more the influence of the slope becomes. It is preferable to use the center of the hole as a reference when calculating the departure.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.729-738
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact accuracy and kinematic parameters of skill level and eye-tracking type during putting strokes. For comparison, five elite golfers and five novice golfers participated in this study. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected for each subject while 10 putting trials were performed for each skill level and eye-tracking type. The APAS system was used to compute the impact accuracy and kinematic parameters of putter heads. The putting stroke was divided into three phases: back swing, downswing, and follow-through. The findings indicated that significant differences were found in skill level as it affected the rate of success. For impact accuracy and the displacement of putter heads, a significant difference was found for the skill level, particularly in backs-wing and follow-through. In addition, the displacement of the putter head had a greater influence on stroke accuracy than on velocity.