• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2002

IMT-2000 technologies are divided 3G packet data system that using mobile IP and GPRS that based on the GSM networks. These technologies Push introduce mobile IP to support seamless roaming. In mobile If environments, use AAA server such as RADIUS or DIAMETER to provide authentication service for dial-up computers. This factor is important for mobile nodes. Mobile If require strong authentication between mobile nodes and home agents. We propose application of AAA protocols for smooth handoff mechanism in IMT-2000 environments.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2016

In an environment of IoT services, sensors to track things and human activities are included as an essential element and smart phone is actively used as a means of collecting and processing information from sensors. Especially, wireless communication and NFC provided by the smart phone are key technologies for exchanging information between participants of IoT service. In this paper, we propose and implement the smart attendance checking system based on BLE using a beacon for improving the quality of a university lecture by processing attendance information automatically. Proposed system uses the beacon sensor for being aware of attendance information and the smart phone for receiving and processing this information. The implemented system has the benefit to improve the lecture quality because a professor can minimize attendance checking time and spend a lot of time on the lecture.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2005

Most of the existing legacy DSL networks, about 80 million lines world-widely, adopted ‘ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) over DSL’protocol architecture for the effective interworking with the ATM-based regional backbone networks and for the effective support of native ATM-based multimedia application services. Recently, however, the regional backbone networks are moving towards Metro Ethernet networks, instead of the ATM networks, and most of the current multimedia applications are If-based, not native ATM-based. These environmental changes push the architecture of DSL networks to be accordingly changed, and the‘Ethernet over DSL’protocol architecture, instead of existing‘ATM over DSL’, is tried to be applied to the implementation of next generation DSL networks such as VDSL(Very high-rate DSL) . In this paper, we propose two different implementation models for next generation DSL networks in Metro Ethernet backbone environments, respectively EA(Ethernet-to-ATM) implementation model and RE(Ethernet-to-Ethernet) implementation model. And, a comparative analysis focused on the performance and the backward compatability with the legacy DSL networks will be presented.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.168-187
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• 2010

The mutual risk management in port is really important for operating the enterprise between container terminals who provide port service and shipping liners who use the port service. This study is performed to contribute to obtain the competitive power of domestic shipping and harbor industry by getting solution of mutual risk management which can make Win-Win strategy on each other as an alternative idea. We suggested two kinds of management models to promote common benefits between container terminals and shipping liners. It is necessary to push positive support and cooperation from government and belonging related organizations for activating the Gwangyang port. In this study, we presented the efficient method to manage mutual risks between container terminals and shipping liners.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.426-442
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• 2019

This study identifies possible determinants that may have influences on the switching behavior from the current payment system of credit or check cards to the easy payment service based on push-pulling-mooring model. And this research empirically tests how those determinants affect switching intention to the easy payment service. The moderating effect of policy expectation is also taken into account. The findings show switching intention to the easy payment service is influenced by the followings: dissatisfaction with the current payment system as a pushing factor, perceived easy of use and trust in easy payment service as pulling factors, and affective/cognitive inertia and unfavorable subjective norm as mooring factors. The results also show that moderating effect of policy expectation exists in the relationship between perceived ubiquitousness and switching intention.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-37
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• 2024

This study explores the tendency of corporations and organizations to continue with their current processes despite having incentives for better Information Technology (IT) innovation or transition. In this context, the study argues that organizations may struggle with 'outsourcing inertia,' a well-known concept referring to an organization's deficient adaptability to environmental changes, particularly defined here as the organization's slow adaptation to changes in outsourcing levels. To verify this, the study analyzes how key variables identified from existing IT Outsourcing (ITO) decision-making research and recent studies on cloud computing transitions actually affect a firm's transition intentions. In the process, this study investigates the moderating effect of a firm's outsourcing inertia, utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) model based on migration theory to propose a research model. The study aims to contribute to finding strategic approaches necessary for facilitating IT innovation and transition by understanding the impact of outsourcing inertia on the decision-making process related to IT outsourcing. It is important to note that the majority of domestic conglomerates own IT subsidiaries, which significantly influence the process of transitioning to cloud computing. Nevertheless, research on the impact of IT subsidiaries on cloud computing transition is relatively scarce. Based on this background, this study proposes that IT subsidiaries within domestic conglomerates can act as a significant mooring factor of organizational inertia in the decision-making process for adopting cloud computing. Through this, the study seeks to provide strategic insights for overcoming organizational inertia faced by IT subsidiaries during the cloud computing transition process.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-75
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• 2011

PoC(Push-to-talk Over Cellular) is an integrated technology of group voice calls, video calls and internet based multimedia services. If a PoC user can not participate in the PoC session for various reasons such as an emergency situation, lack of battery capacity, then the user can use the PoC Box which has a similar functionality to the MM Box in the MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service). The RTSP(Real-Time Streaming Protocol) method is recommended to be used when there is a transmission session between the PoC box and a terminal. Since the existing VOD service uses a wired network, the packet size of RTSP-based VOD service is huge, however, the PoC service has wireless communication environments which have general characteristics to be used in RTSP method. Packet loss in a wired communication environments is relatively less than that in wireless communication environment, therefore, a buffering latency occurs in PoC service due to a play-out delay which means an asynchronous play of audio & video contents. Those problems make a user to be difficult to find the information they want when the media contents are played-out. In this paper, the following techniques and methods were proposed and their performance and superiority were verified through testing: cross-over dual reception buffering technique, advance partition multi-reception buffering technique, and on-demand multi-reception buffering technique, which are designed for effective picking up of information in media content being transmitted in short amount of time using RTSP when a user searches for media, as well as for reduction in playback delay; and same-priority packetization transmission method and priority-based packetization transmission method, which are media data packetization methods for transmission. From the simulation of functional evaluation, we could find that the proposed multiple receiving buffering and packetizing methods are superior, with respect to the media retrieval inclination, to the existing single receiving buffering method by 6-9 points from the viewpoint of effectiveness and excellence. Among them, especially, on-demand multiple receiving buffering technology with same-priority packetization transmission method is able to manage the media search inclination promptly to the requests of users by showing superiority of 3-24 points above compared to other combination methods. In addition, users could find the information they want much quickly since large amount of informations are received in a focused media retrieval period within a short time.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2010

With the immergence of the iPhone, the interest in Smartphones is getting higher as services can be provided directly between service providers and consumers without the network operators. As the number of international tourists increase, individual tourists are also increasing. According to the WTO's (World Tourism Organization) prediction, the number of international tourists will be 1.56 billion in 2020,and the average growth rate will be 4.1% a year. Chinese tourists, in particular, are increasing rapidly and about 100 million will travel the world in 2020. In 2009, about 7.8 million foreign tourists visited Korea and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is trying to attract 12 million foreign tourists in 2014. A research institute carried out a survey targeting foreign tourists and the survey results showed that they felt uncomfortable with communication (about 55.8%) and directional signs (about 21.4%) when they traveled in Korea. To solve this inconvenience for foreign tourists, multilingual servicesfor traffic signs, tour information, shopping information and so forth should be enhanced. The appearance of the Smartphone comes just in time to provide a new service to address these inconveniences. Smartphones are especially useful because every Smartphone has GPS (Global Positioning System) that can provide users' location to the system, making it possible to provide location-based services. For improvement of tourists' convenience, Seoul Metropolitan Government hasinitiated the u-tour service using Kiosks and Smartphones, and several Province Governments have started the u-tourpia project using RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and an exclusive device. Even though the u-tour or u-tourpia service used the Smartphone and RFID, the tourist should know the location of the Kiosks and have previous information. So, this service did not give the solution yet. In this paper, I developed a new convenient service which can provide location based information for the individual tourists using GPS, WiFi, and 3G. The service was tested at Insa-dong in Seoul, and the service can provide tour information around the tourist using a push service without user selection. This self-tour service is designed for providing a travel guide service for foreign travelers from the airport to their destination and information about tourist attractions. The system reduced information traffic by constraining receipt of information to tourist themes and locations within a 20m or 40m radius of the device. In this case, service providers can provide targeted, just-in-time services to special customers by sending desired information. For evaluating the implemented system, the contents of 40 gift shops and traditional restaurants in Insa-dong are stored in the CMS (Content Management System). The service program shows a map displaying the current location of the tourist and displays a circle which shows the range to get the tourist information. If there is information for the tourist within range, the information viewer is activated. If there is only a single resultto display, the information viewer pops up directly, and if there are several results, the viewer shows a list of the contents and the user can choose content manually. As aresult, the proposed system can provide location-based tourist information to tourists without previous knowledge of the area. Currently, the GPS has a margin of error (about 10~20m) and this leads the location and information errors. However, because our Government is planning to provide DGPS (Differential GPS) information by DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) this error will be reduced to within 1m.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.169-180
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• 2017

China's mobile communication market has been growing quantitatively and qualitatively since 2000. Currently, it has secured 1.27 billion mobile subscribers and many of the Korean companies try to enter the Chinese market and cooperation with companies in China is being held. Thus understanding of the Chinese markets is the key to better prepare for future international competition. This study is to identify factors affecting switching intentions and behaviors for Chinese mobile subscribers to other mobile service providers by the PPM and it is to derive correlations between strategies of mobile service providers and users' switching intention by the groups classified by ARPU. We conducted a survey targeting 270 Chinese mobile users and analyze it by using Smart PLS 2.0. In conclusion, push effects have positive influence on intention to switching and relational switching cost among mooring effect have significantly negative influence on intention to switching In particular, intention to switching depending on the groups classified by a level of their ARPU have been shown as significantly different. This study will extend theoretical range of PPM theory in explaining users' switching behaviors and contribute to establish strategies to enter the chinese market.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.39-81
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• 2018

This study focuses on whether non-standard workers are matched by voluntary contract with employers in the labor market and analyzes the factors of involuntary choice of non-standard employees that are diverse by firm size. For the analysis I consider non-standard employees as either voluntary or involuntary according to the push/pull theory based on labor mobility. The Economic Activity Census Added Survey data 2016 show that the proportion of involuntary non-standard employees is greater than voluntary ones as the firm size is smaller. As a result of the analysis, involuntary non-standard employees are not significantly discriminated from voluntary non-standard employees in large firms. However, in small and medium-sized firms and micro small-sized firms, workers are more likely to be involuntarily non-standard if they are older or less educated. In addition, they are more likely to be employed involuntarily in micro small-sized firms than in small and medium-sized firms. Therefore, we should take into account the mismatching problems of compensation, specialty, and career in order to establish policies on non-standard workers. In addition to the financial support for small and medium-sized and micro small-sized firms, it is necessary to provide workers with job information that matches their job skills and career experiences.