• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2018

Predictive demand and collapse fragility functions are two essential components of the probabilistic seismic demand analysis that are commonly developed based on statistics with enormous, costly and time consuming data gathering. Although this approach might be justified for research purposes, it is not appealing for practical applications because of its computational cost. Thus, in this paper, Bayesian regression-based demand and collapse models are proposed to eliminate the need of time-consuming analyses. The demand model developed in the form of linear equation predicts overall maximum inter-story drift of the lowto mid-rise regular steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs), while the collapse model mathematically expressed by lognormal cumulative distribution function provides collapse occurrence probability for a given spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure. Next, as an application, the proposed demand and collapse functions are implemented in a seismic fragility analysis to develop fragility and consequently seismic demand curves of three example buildings. The accuracy provided by utilization of the proposed models, with considering computation reduction, are compared with those directly obtained from Incremental Dynamic analysis, which is a computer-intensive procedure.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information from patients how much they understood about their medication and also to know whether patients are making reasonable drug choice between Health Functional Foods and Herbal medicine. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to the parents of students in two elementary schools located in OO, Junlabukdo province. 421 questionnaires were completed to be evaluated. Results Among 421 subjects, 53.0% were female, and 47.0% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine were67.7% and 67.8%, respectively. Among those people who consumed Health Functional Food, 44.1% were using nutritional supplements, red ginseng or ginseng products (26.9%), chlorella products (11.5%), and plum extract products (7.7%). As for the reason to consume Health Functional Foods were varied, but 'in order to be healthy, although currently displaying no illness.'(43.0%) were the most responses among the given choices. On the other hand, the reason for consuming herbal medicine was 'In order to grow taller'(26.1%), 'In order to cure weak physical state frequently displaying common illnesses',(25.9%), and 'In order to cure diseases.'(23.3%). For the questions about effectiveness after consumption,the 69.9% subjects said that it seemed to be effected, and that % was slightly higher than that of subjects with consuming Health Functional Foods(64.4%). For question concerning preferences between Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine, 57.5% chose herbal medicine, and this percentage was higher than that of Health Functional Foods(42.5%).As for the reasons of additional consumption of the Health Functional Foods, subject answered as 'Easy to consume.'(41,6%), which was the most common among the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods. On other hand, the subjects of herbal medicine answered as that herbal medicine is 'more effective'(45.7%), and 'more trustworthy in preventing side-effects.'(40.3%). After consumption of the herbal medication, only 3.9% of the subjects consuming either Health Functional Foods or herbal medicine had side-effects. The most common side-effects were 'dermal reaction' which is normally caused by Health Functional Foods and 'indigestion' problems caused by herbal consumption. Conclusions According to the 421 subjects those involved in study, the percentages of consuming Health Functional Foods(67.7%) and herbal medicine(67.8%) were similar. The most commonly consumed products were a type of Health Functional Foods which were the nutrition-supplying products. Ginseng or red ginseng products were the next commonly used products. Health Functional Foods were commonly consumed for preventing illness and maintaining health rather than any other purpose. In contrary, herbal medicines were more commonly consumed for purposes such as for growth or treating certain type of disease. As a result of consumption, more than half of both subject replied as 'satisfied'. As for the side effects, dermal reaction was the most common problem for those with consuming Health Functional Foods, while indigestion was the most common side effect from the subjects with consuming herbal medicine.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

The prediction of the total resistance of a ship is generally based on considering it to be a simple sum of the viscous resistance and the wave resistance. An experimental approach for predicting full-size ship resistance on this basis is practical but obviously has the deficiency that a model has to be built for each prototype of interest and the resulting tank tests are time consuming. On the other hand, purely theoretical calculations of the wave resistance, using, for example, the Michell theory, require relatively little computer time and give an excellent portrayal of the overall variation of the vessel resistance as a function of forward speed. Unfortunately, there are sufficient differences between this theory and the measured results to make this method impractical for design purposes. The proposal examined here is to use a data bank of experimental resistance results to modify the theoretical predictions. It is demonstrated that the technique will produce remarkably accurate resistance predictions and can take into account the effects of the water depth, any restriction of canal or river width, as well as the prismatic coefficient, and other geometric parameters.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1998

The purposes of this study is to find middle school student's application of Home Economics course and its related variables. The samples are 323 middles school students in Kangneung. For the statistics analysis of this study, frequency, mean, Cronbach's a coefficient, ANOVQ, t-test, Pearson'correlation and multiple regression were calculated. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. It is appeared that middle school student's application of Home Economics course are the food, human development and family relationship family, resources management and the consuming, the clothing. 2. Variables that affect middle school student's application of Home Economics course are the vocation of father, way of learning about home life skill, agreement with educational goal of Home Economic, evaluation of Home Economic teacher, evaluation of education field, participation in class of Home Economic and needs for Home Economics. 3. The explanation degree of these seven variables is 27.7% and needs for Home Economics is the most domineering variables.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2019

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used as promising tools for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. Traditional and common strategies for pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation toward disease-relevant cell types depend on sequential treatment of signaling molecules identified based on knowledge of developmental biology. However, these strategies suffer from low purity, inefficiency, and time-consuming culture conditions. A growing body of recent research has shown efficient cell fate reprogramming by forced expression of single or multiple transcription factors. Here, we review transcription factor-directed differentiation methods of PSCs toward neural, muscle, liver, and pancreatic endocrine cells. Potential applications and limitations are also discussed in order to establish future directions of this technique for therapeutic purposes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.430-435
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• 1992

Hazard identification is one of the most important task in process design and operation. This work has focused on the development of a knowledge-based expert system for HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies which are regarded as one of the most systematic and logical qualitative hazard identification methodologies but which require a multidisciplinary team and demand much time-consuming, repetitious work. The developed system enables design engineers to implement existing checklists and past experiences for safe design. It will increase efficiency of hazard identification and be suitable for educational purposes. This system has a frame-based knowledge structure for equipment failures/process material properties and rule networks for consequence reasoning which uses both forward and backward chaining. To include wide process knowledge, it is open-ended and modular for future expansion. An application to LPG storage and fractionation system shows the efficiency and reliability of the developed system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.132-135
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• 1996

This study is to develop an ammonia based chemical heat pump(STELF) for a freezing and refrigeration system coupled to gas, fuel and/or waste from industrial processes as heat sources. Recently it has been continually taking a growing interest in chemical heat pumps without electric power and having higher COP's than those of existing compression type refrigeration systems using freon. By introducing STELF technology, efficient heat recovery utilizing enormous amount of waste heat in energy consuming large scale industries or building for their own refrigeration purposes is possible. Moreover, air-conditioning systems coupled to city gas for small scale industries or building can be realized. Therefore, STELF technology can contribute much for overall energy savings and efficient energy management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.810-813
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• 2004

Air void systems in hardened concrete has an important influence on concrete durability such as freeze-thaw resistance, water permeability, surface scaling resistance, and etc. Linear traverse method and point count method described at ASTM have been widely used to estimate the air void system in hardened concrete. These methods, however, are rarely used at present, because they require many efforts, are time consuming works, depend on each person's decision, and are not repeatable. Thus, new image analysis method using microscope and computer processes has been approached for analyzing air void system in hardened concrete. However, it is just in initial step. The purposes of this study were to develope an effective and reliable image analysis technique for estimating air void system in hardened concrete. The developed technique was proved to be accurate, reasonable and repeatable.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2006

Historically, the common folk have made use of various wild herbs for both food and medicinal purposes. However, the misuse of these wild herbs can lead to adverse consequences, including severe poisoning in some cases. In cases of poisoning from wild herbs, patients can exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the herbs involved, which in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms may include hemodynamic alteration and abnormal neurologic signs. In the present case, two patients were admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of toxicity after consuming Rhododendron brachycarpum liquor. Rhododendron brachycarpum and other wild herbs contain the toxic material grayanotoxin. Because of its serious toxic symptoms, great caution must be exercised in using rhododendrons for food and medicinal purposes.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1182-1196
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• 2014

In problems of global hydroelastic ship response in severe seas including the whipping problem, we need to know the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship hull during almost arbitrary ship motions. In terms of ship sections, some of them can enter water but others exit from water. Computations of nonlinear free surface flows, pressure distributions and hydrodynamic forces in parallel with the computations of the ship motions including elastic vibrations of the ship hull are time consuming and are suitable only for research purposes but not for practical calculations. In this paper, it is shown that the slamming forces can be decomposed in two components within three semi-analytical models of water entry. Only heave motion is considered. The first component is proportional to the entry speed squared and the second one to the body acceleration. The coefficients in these two components are functions of the penetration depth only and can be precomputed for given shape of the body. During the exit stage the hydrodynamic force is proportional to the acceleration of the body and independent of the body shape for bodies with small deadrise angles.