• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to compare peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) values, measured at different monitoring sites, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of neurocritical patients. Methods : The study included 110 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. The patients' SpO₂ values were measured in their index fingers, both second toes, both earlobes, and foreheads, using the patient monitoring system. These values were compared with the standard value of SaO₂ measured using a blood gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive values, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and Bland-Altman plots. Result : Regardless of the measuring site, SpO₂ was correlated with the paired measurements of SaO₂ (r=.40~.60, p<.001, CCC range=.40~.58). No significant bias in paired measurements of SpO₂ and SaO₂ was observed at all sites (-0.06~0.19%, p>.05). SpO₂ values at the left finger and right earlobe had the narrowest range, with a 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (left finger -3.04~2.93% and right earlobe -3.18~2.79%). SpO₂ at the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, had a narrower range of 95% LOA than that of the opposing finger (-3.00~2.97% vs. -3.73~3.26%). Conclusion : SpO₂ at the finger without an arterial catheter had the highest level of precision. This study suggests using the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, for pulse oximetry in neurocritical patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.450-464
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• 2023

Pulse oximetry, a non-invasive technique for evaluating blood oxygen saturation, conventionally depends on isolated measurements, rendering it vulnerable to factors like illumination profile, spatial blood flow fluctuations, and skin pigmentation. Previous efforts to address these issues through imaging systems often employed red and near-infrared illuminations with distinct profiles, leading to inconsistent ratios of transmitted light and the potential for errors in calculating spatial oxygen saturation distributions. While an integrating sphere was recently utilized as an illumination source to achieve uniform red and near-infrared illumination profiles on the sample surface, its bulkiness presented practical challenges. In this work, we have enhanced the pulse oximetry imaging system by transitioning illumination from an integrating sphere to a multi-wavelength LED configuration. This adjustment ensures simultaneous emission of red and near-infrared light from the same position, creating a homogeneous illumination profile on the sample surface. This approach guarantees consistent patterns of red and near-infrared illuminations that are spatially uniform. The sustained ratio between transmitted red and near-infrared light across space enables precise calculation of the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation, making our pulse oximetry imaging system more compact and portable without compromising accuracy. Our work significantly contributes to obtaining spatial information on blood oxygen saturation, providing valuable insights into tissue oxygenation in peripheral regions.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.578-579
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• 2015

Transmission and reflectance are two non-invasive techniques to perform pulse oximetry. This paper presents a design of reflectance-based pulse oximetry for watch-type wearable device, in which sensor and detector are located on the same surface of the body part. The basic principle of a pulse oximeter is based on the measurement of the red and infrared (IR) light absorption. Oxygenated blood has significant differences of light absorption characteristics than deoxygenated blood under red (660 nm) and infrared (940 nm) wavelength. Infrared is absorbed more by oxygenated hemoglobin than red. So the hardware implementation is included placing of the two LEDs (red and IR) with single photo-detector in the middle on the patient's wrist to get the corresponding pulsatile signals which are used to estimate the $SpO_2$.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.612-613
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• 2016

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2010

목적: 신생아 집중치료실에서 널리 이용되고 있는 맥박산소측정장치의 과도한 거짓 알람은 참 알람에 대한 반응을 느리게 하였다. 이에 Masimo $SET^{(R)}$는 움직임에 의한 거짓 알람을 극복한 장치로 소개되었다. 저자들은 안정 시나 일상적인 움직임이 있을 때 두 장치간의 거짓 알람의 빈도를 조사함으로써 Nellcor$N-595^{(R)}$와 Masimo $SET^{(R)}$의 임상적 수행능력을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 연구 당시 체중이 1,000-2,500 g인 미숙아 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 두 장치의 sensor를 동일한 환아의 양쪽 발에 각각 부착한 후 산소포화도가 85% 이하인 경우 알람이 울리도록 하였다. 맥박산소포화도 측정장치의 알람이 울린 경우 중에서 장치의 맥박수가 심전도의 심박수와 차이가 나는 경우, 파형이 일정하게 그려지지 않는 경우, 저산소증의 뚜렸한 증상이 없는 경우를 거짓 알람으로 정의하였고 두 장치의 거짓 알람의 빈도를 비교하였다. 결과: 대상 환아의 나이는 출생 후 평균 20.8일이었으며 평균체중은 1,668 g이었다. 두 장치간의 전체 거짓 알람의 빈도는 Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$에 비해 Masimo $SET^{(R)}$에서 유의하게 적었으나 (Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$에서 48회, Masimo $SET^{(R)}$에서 27회), 일상적인 움직임이 있을 경우 두 장치간의 거짓 알람의 빈도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$에서 32회, Masimo$SET^{(R)}$에서 19회). 결론: Masimo $SET^{(R)}$는 Nellcor $N-595^{(R)}$에 비해 거짓 알람의 빈도가 적고 실제 저산소증 여부를 잘 반영하므로 적절한 산소치료에 유용하고 의료진의 불필요한 처치를 감소시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

펄스옥시메트리는 서로 다른 두 파장의 빛을 이용하여 동맥혈의 산소포화도를 측정하는 비침습성의 광에 의한 측정 방법이다. 동맥혈의 맥동성분은 정맥혈, 피부 그리고 기타의 비맥동성분들에 의해 감쇠되는 직류 성분에 중첩되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 맥동 성분의 적분비를 이용하여 산소포화도를 계산하는 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 알고리즘에서는, 심장의 수축과 관련되는 맥동신호의 1/2 싸이클만을 이용한다. 이용하는 시간은 1 cycle의 약 1/4이다. 1/4 주기를 이용하는 본 알고리즘은 기존의 방식과 유사한 결과가 나타났다. 신호의 진폭이 낮고, 시간의 점유가 많은 부분을 계산에서 배제했기 때문에, 동잡음의 영향이 감소되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.710-716
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• 2006

소아치과에서 진정요법은 치과 환경에 대하여 공포를 가진 아동, 협조 전 단계의 아동, 장애를 가진 아동 그리고 구토반사 등을 보이는 환자에게 사용될 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 다발성 치아 우식증을 주소로 본원에 내원한 환아에서 1.0mg/kg 케타민과 $0.03{\sim}0.06mg/kg$ 미다졸람 그리고 아트로핀 정주 병용투여 하에 수복치료를 시행하였다. 치료시간의 연장과 적절한 진정 상태 유지를 위하여 케타민(0.33mg/kg)과 미다졸람 $1mg(0.03{\sim}0.05mg/kg)$을 혼합하거나 각각 추가 투여하였다. 지속적으로 환자의 활력징후를 관찰하면서 약물의 추가투여 용량을 결정하였다. 모니터링 장비로 맥박 산소 측정법(pulse oximetry), 전자심전도(electrocardiogram), 비혈관식혈압(NIBP : Noninvasive Blood Pressure)을 사용하여 맥박, 호흡수, 혈압, 산소 포화도 등을 측정하였다. 진료 과정동안 안전을 위해 미국 소아치과 학회(American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry ; AAPD)의 권고 사항을 준수하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

Pulse oximetry is a well established non-invasive optical technique for monitoring the SpO$_2$ during anaesthesia, recovery and intensive care. Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. The sensors consists of red and infrared light sources and photodetectors. In the measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, conventional method has required the technique of filtering of remove the noise, and of complex signal processing algorithm. So much time have required to signal processing. In this research, we separate AC signal and DC signal in the stage of signal detection. We filter the noise from each signal and convert A/D. We obtain the SpO$_2$ using the DSP algorithm.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

Polysomnography is used to diagnose many types of sleep disorders including sleep apnea, periodic limb movement disorder, REM sleep behavior disorder, parasomnias, and narcolepsy. It is a comprehensive recording of the biophysiological changes that occur during sleep. The polysomnography monitors many body functions parameters including EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, respiratory airflow, respiratory effort, and pulse oximetry during sleep. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) is performed for diagnosing narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is usually to be done after an overnight polysomnography. The test consists of four or five 20-minute nap opportunities that are scheduled two hours apart.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.