• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.481-487
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• 1978

Seventeen patients of the congenital pulmenic stenosis were operated at the department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. There were thirteen male and four females, and ranging from six to thirty years of age. And it's incidence was 2.7% of congenital heart disease cases that were operated on. (Total 628) Seven case of trilogy of Fallot were excluded. Two cases of bacterial endocarditis were found. Right heart catheterization was done in all patients. Average right ventricular pressure was $121{\pm}35.8$mmHg, pulmonary artery $20{\pm}6.8$mmHg, and RV-PA pressure gradient $98{\pm}34.5$mmHg. The preoperative average time interval of A2-P2 which was checked at phonocardiography was $0.08{\pm}0.016$second, and was reduced to $0.03{\pm}0.009$second postoperatively. One was operated by Varco's procedure, another one was done by Brock's procedure, and fifteen patients were done by open heart surgery with heart-lung machine. Pure valvular stenosis was found in sixteen and infundibular stenosis in one case. And the combining anormalies were two patent ductus arteriosus, two patent foramen ovale, and one tricuspid valve hypoplasia. Two expired postoperatively at the begining stage of cardiac surgery in this Department. The remaining fifteen showed excellent operative results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2000

Background :To assess the accuracy of Electron-Beam Tomography(EBT) in following evaluation of the pulmonary vascular system after a shunt operation in the cyanotic con-genital heart disease with pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. Material and Method : Sixteen patients(M:F=11:5) who received Blalock-Taussig(n=8) bidirectional cavo-pulmonary shunt(n=10) and unifocalization (n=2) were ncluded in the study. We evaluated the patency of the shunt the morphology of intrapericardial and hilar pulmonary arteries(PA) peripheral pulmonary vascularity by background lung attenuation and the abundance of arterial & venous collateral. Angiography(n=12) and echocardiography(n=20) were used as the gold standard for the comparison of EBT results. Result: EBT was consistent with angiogram/ echo in 100% of the evaluation for the patency of the shunt and in 12(by angiogram 100%) and 19(by echo 95%) for the detection the hypoplasia stenosis or interruption of central PA In measuring of PA EBT and angiogram corrlated(r=0.91) better than EBT-echo(r=0.88) or echo-angiogram(r=0.72) Abundant systemic arterial collateral were noted in 4 and venous collateral in 3 cases. In evaluating the peripheral pulmonary vascularity the homogenous and normal-ranged lung attenuation(m=6) decreased but homo-genous attenuation(n=1) segment-by-sgment heterogeneous attenuation(n=3) homogenous but asymmetrical attenuation(n=3) segment-by-segment heterogeneous attenuation(n=3) homogenous but asymmetrical attenuation(n=3) and venous congestion(n=2) were observed nd 12 of them were compatible with the blood flow pattern revealed by cardiac catheterization. Conclusion: EBT was accurate in the integrated evaluation of the pulmonary vascular system after the shunt including the patency of the shunt operaion the morphology and dimension of the central and hilar PAs and the loco-regional pulmonary flow in the lung parenchyma. It suggests the useful information about the need of secondary shunt operation the proper timing time for total repair and the need of interventional procedure prior to total repair.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2003

목 적 : 분지 폐동맥 협착 부위에 스텐트를 삽입하여 효과적으로 교정한 후, 이후 추적 관찰시에 협착이 없었던 반대편 분지 폐동맥 단면적이 감소하지 않고 증가하는 양상을 관찰하였다. 이에 분지 폐동맥 단면적의 변화에 영향을 끼치는 형태학적 혈역학적 요인들을 분석해 보았다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 7월까지 연세대학교 심장혈관병원 소아심장과에서 좌폐동맥 분지 협착을 진단받고 스텐트 삽입을 시행받은 23명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환아에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 심혈관 조영술을 통해 좌우 폐동맥 단면적의 변화, 도플러 심초음파 검사를 시행하여 폐동맥 부전을 측정하여 역류 분율의 변화를 관찰하였고, 폐관류 검사를 함께 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 좌폐동맥 협착으로 스텐트를 삽입한 후 좌폐동맥 지수는 $102{\pm}12mm^2/BSA$에서 $125{\pm}11mm^2/BSA$로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.001). 2) 협착이 없었던 우폐동맥 지수의 변화를 보면, 좌폐동맥에 스텐트를 삽입하기 전에 평균 $238{\pm}17mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $249{\pm}20mm^2/BSA$로 유의한 증가는 없었다(P=0.474). 3) 스텐트 삽입 전후로 양측 폐동맥 지수의 합을 보면, 삽입전 $340{\pm}21mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $374{\pm}26mm^2/BSA$로 증가하는 경향이 있었지만 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.09). 4) 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율의 변화는 스텐트 삽입전 $50{\pm}5%$에서 $46{\pm}5%$로 감소하였으나, 유의한 감소량은 아니었다. 그러나, 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율 증감 정도에 따라 세 군으로 나누어 비교해 보면, 3 군에서 우폐동맥지수는 삽입 전 $260{\pm}23mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $325{\pm}33mm^2/BSA$으로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.041). 좌폐동맥 지수는 각 군에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 증가하는 양상은 관찰되었으나, 1군에서만 유의하였고, 이는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 역류 분율 증감이 좌폐동맥의 단면적에 변화를 미치는 일차적 요인은 아닌 것으로 분석된다. 5) 스텐트 삽입 후 좌 우폐동맥 모두 폐동맥 폐쇄부전이 심할수록 폐동맥지수가 증가하여 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 가지고 (좌폐동맥; r=0.69, P<0.01 및 우폐동맥; r=0.53, P<0.01), 회귀분석상으로도 유의한 관계를 보였다. 또한 양측폐동맥 지수의 합도 유의한 양의 상관 관계(r=0.71, P<0.01)를 보였다. 결 론 : 협착이 있던 좌폐동맥은 스텐트의 삽입으로 교정되어 그 단면적 지수가 증가하였다. 그리고, 반대편 우폐동맥의 경우에는 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 영향으로 단면적 지수가 감소하지 않고, 오히려 증가한 것을 관찰하였다. 그러나, 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 장기적 예후를 고려해 볼 때, 이를 예방할 수 있는 것이 중요하다. 또한 역류 분율을 정확히 산출하기 위해 자기공명영상을 이용하는 것도 적극 검토해야 할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.384-385
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• 2016

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1979

The present study reports 41 cases of congenital and acquired heart diseases, who received open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation [ECC] by Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine [HLM] at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital during the` period between July 1975 and February 1979. The priming of pump oxygenator was carried out by the hemodilution method using Hartman`s solution, whole blood, and fresh human plasma. The rate of hemodilution was in the average of 50.8 ml/kg. ECC was performed at the average perfusion flow rate of 85.0 ml/kg/min [2.43 L./ kg/2] and at moderate hypothermia. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, arterial pressure ranged between 55 mmHg and 90 mmHg, but generally maintaining over 70 mmHg. Patient age ranged between 2 and 54 year old, in congenital heart diseases, between 2 and 28, in acquired heart diseases, between 17 and 54 Sex ratio of male to female was 20:21. The cases include a case of pulmonary valvular stenosis, 4 cases of atrial septal defect, 9 cases of ventricular septal defect, 9 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 5 cases of pentalogy of Fallot, 3 cases of atypical multiple anomalies 7 cases of mitral stenosis or insufficiency, a case of myxoma in left atrium, and a case of ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva`s sinus. The surgical managements were 16 valvulotomy for pulmonary valvular stenosis, 2 Teflon patch graft closure and 5 simple suture closure of atrial septal defect, 16 Teflon patch graft closure and 5 simple suture closure of ventricular septal defect, 12 pericardial patch graft for infundibular stenosis of right ventricle, one anastomosis between left superior vena cava and right atrium, 2 open mitral commissurotomy, 5 mitral valve replacement using Starr-Edward`s ball valve, porcine xenograft by Hancock, by Carpentier-Edward, or Angell-Shiley, one removal of left atrial myxoma, and a repair of ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva`s sinus. Four [9.7%] out 41 cases expired postoperatively and the rest of 37 cases survived with satisfactory results. The causes of death were one coronary embolism in tetralogy of Fallot, 2 postoperative lower cardiac output in atypical multiple anomalies, and one right heart failure in large: ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.476-479
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• 2008

심실 중격 결손과 폐동맥 협착을 동반한 완전 대혈관 전위를 갖는 환자에서 기존의 Rastelli수술법의 만족스럽지 않은 장기 결과가 보고되는 반면, 최근 들어 대동맥 전위술은 이 질환에서 유용한 수술방법으로 보고되고 있다. 본 증례는 우심실 유입부로 연장된 막성주위형 심실중격결손과 폐동맥 협착을 동반한 완전 대혈관 전위로 진단되어 과거에 체폐단락술을 받았던 2세 남자 환아(체중 9.6 kg)에서 우심실에서 분리한 대동맥 근부를 후방의 좌심실쪽으로 전위시켜 좌심실 유출로 재건술을 시행하고, 판막 도관을 이용하여 우심실 유출로 재건술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 시행한 심초음파 검사에서 양호한 혈역학적 소견을 보여 문헌 고찰과 함께 증례 보고를 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

기관지 정맥류는 기관지 정맥압이 상승하는 승모판 협착증이나 폐정맥 폐쇄증에서 이차적으로 발생할 수 있다. 기관지 정맥류는 주로 좌측 주기관지에서 관찰되며, 드물지만 기관지 정맥류의 파열로 대량 객혈이 가능하고 사망할 수도 있다. 저자들은 중증 승모판 협착증 환자에서 동반된 기관지 정맥류를 기관지내시경에서 우연히 관찰하였고 승모판치환술 후 기관지 정맥류가 호전되어 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1508-1515
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• 1992

Between 1975 and 1992, forty five patients with trachea stenosis received tracheoplasty for relief of obstruction. The causes of airway problem are brain contusion[19 cases, 40%], cerebrovascular disease[3 cases, 7%], drug intoxication[8 cases, 18%], psychotic problem[2 cases, 4%], trachea tumor[3 cases, 7%], adult respiratory distress syndrome[9 cases, 20%] and direct trauma[1 case, 2%]. Direct causes of trachea stenosis were complications of tracheostomy[36 cases, 80%], complications of nasotracheal intubation[5 cases, 11%], tumor[3 cases, 6%] and trauma[1 case, 2%]. Thirty one patients underwent the sleeve resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Five patients performed a wedge resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Forteen patients received the Montgomery T-tube for relief of airway obstruction. Four patients have done simple excision of granulation tissue. Two, subglottic stenosis patients were received Rethi procedure[anterior division of cricoid cartilage, wedge partial resection of lower thyroid cartilage and Montgomery T-tube molding] and the other subglottic stenosis patient underwent permanent trachea fenestration. Including cervical flexion in all patients postoperatively, additional surgical techniques for obtain tension-free anastomosis were hyoid bone release technique in two cases, and hilar mobilization, division of inferior pulmonary ligament and mobilization of pulmonary vessel at the pericardium were performed in one case. Cervical approach was used in 39 cases, cervicomediastinal in 12 cases and transthoracic in one case. Complications of tracheoplasty were formation of granulation tissue at the anastomosis site[3 cases], restenosis[9 cases], trachea-innominate artery fistula[2 cases], wound infection[2 cases], separation of anastomosis[2 cases], air leakage[3 cases], injury to a recurrent laryngeal nerve[temporary 8 cases, permanent 2 cases] and hypoxemia[1 case]. Surgical mortality for resection with primary reconstruction was 6.7%, with one death due to postoperative respiratory failure and two deaths due to tracheo-innominate artery fistula.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.202-217
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• 2022

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital vascular disease in which interventional radiologists can play both diagnostic and therapeutic roles in patient management. The diagnosis of pulmonary AVM is simple and can usually be made based on CT images. Endovascular treatment, that is, selective embolization of the pulmonary artery feeding the nidus of the pulmonary AVM, and/or selectively either the nidus or draining vein, has become a first-line treatment with advances in interventional devices. However, some vascular diseases can simulate pulmonary AVMs on CT and pulmonary angiography. This subset can confuse interventional radiologists and referring physicians. Vascular mimickers of pulmonary AVM have not been widely known and described in detail in the literature, although some of these require surgical correction, while others require regular follow-up. This article reviews the clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary AVMs and their mimickers.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2004

A 4 year old mixed female dog was presented dyspnea, anorexia and syncope. In blood smear test, a lot of heartworm larvae were observed. In thoracic radiography, "reverse D" shape was observed. So, this case was considered with heartworm disease. In echocardiography, marked left heart hypertrophy was presented. In M-mode view, aortic valvular stenosis was found. After mongrel dog died, aortic valvular stenosis was reconfirmed in necropsy. After all, the dog died of pulmonary edema because of aortic valvular stenosis caused left heart failure.t failure.