• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

Pulegone is a naturally occurring organic compound obtained from essential oils from a variety of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibitory mechanism of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results revealed that pulegone significantly inhibited NO production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expressions. Meanwhile, western blot analysis showed that pulegone down-regulated LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the selected compound suppressed LPS-induced intracellular ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells, while the expression of stress response gene, HO-1, and its transcriptional activator, Nrf-2 was upregulated upon pulegone treatment. Taking together, these findings provided that pulegone inhibited the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the down-regulation iNOS, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and MAPKs signaling pathways as well as up-regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 indicating that pulegone has a potential therapeutic and preventive application in various inflammatory diseases.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2002

These studies were carried out to investigate the fumigant toxicity, the contact toxicity and the ovipositional repellency of 25 monoterpenoids against oak longicorn beetle adults, Moechotypa diphysis. Monoterpenoids with 100% of fumigant toxicity were 1, 8-cinehone, fenchone, pulegone and (equation omitted)-terpinene at 20 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration, pulegone and (equation omitted)-terpinen at 10 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration, pulegone at 5 (equation omitted)/954 ml (air) concentration. Most monoterpenoids showed low or no contact toxicity but only pulegone showed about 70% mortality. Some monoterpenoids which had repellency to female adults with Y-tube olfactometer were bornylacetate, carvacrol, 1, 8-cineole and menthol at 1 (equation omitted) dose, while citronellol showed attractant response. Carveol, geraniol and perillyl alcohol of 25 monoterpenoids showed ovipoistional repellency of 82.1%, 78.3%, 87.5%, respectively, at the concentration of 1,000 ppm in the laboratory condition. In the field, the result tested with three monoterpenoids indicated that geraniol was the most effective one at the concentration of 10,000ppm and 1,000 ppm, but residual effect wasn't found.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

Objectives : To compare limonene, menthone and pulegone content from different part of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet. Methods : The quantitative content of essential oil was determined according to the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. GC analysis of essential oil was carried out using a flame ionization detector. The results obtained were confirmed by GC/MS. Results : The content of essential was high on the leaf part. The content of menthone was higher than other ingredients. When compare the content observed by harvesting time, the highest pick was shown on middle of August. Conclusion : This research can be used to modify or feedbackthe article in the Korean Pharmacopoeia.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.358-363
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• 1993

The metabolic capability of the cultured cells of peppermint was tested with whole intact cells by feeding appropriate exogenous substrates to the suspension cultures. Conversion of (-)-limonene into any other monoterpenes was not observed with the suspension cultures. (+)-Pulegone was converted into (+)-isomenthone and (-)-menthone, and (-)-menthone into (-)-menthol. The experiments confirmed that the suspension retained most of the menthol biosynthesis pathway in the cell except for a few loci. (-)-Isopiperitenone was transformed into (+)-pulegone, piperitenone, (-)-7-hydroxyisopiperitenone and two unidentified products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

Essential oil components and contents were investigated at different growth stages and organs of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet. The content of essential oil different by growth stages and organs and the amount of essential oil at leaf was higher than any other organ. The content of essential oil at leaf and spica were increased by long growth period. The d-menthone and l-pulegone were maj or components of essential oil and contain 51-76% of total essential oil at leaf and spica. In the early stage leaf. l-pulegone was major component of essential oil but d-menthone was major components in the late stage leaf.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2006

Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. are used in folk medicine as common cold, sore throat, headache and skin infection in Korea, China and Japan. To compare the contents of domestic and Chinese Schizonepeta tenuifolia quantitative HPLC analysis was performed using a Luna $C_{18}$ column $(4.6{\times}250\;mm,\;5{\mu}m)$, with 1 ml/min of flow rate of 0.01% formic acid in water : acetonitrile = 50 : 50 under UV 254 nm of detector. Pulegone was detected at retention time of about 17.14 min.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1579-1582
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• 2008

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

Fumigant toxicity of four plant essential oils (muguet flower, patchouli, pennyroyal, spearmint) were tested against the adults of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Among them, pennyroyal and spearmint oils showed 100% mortality at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC-MS, we confirmed that main constituents of pennyroyal oil were pulegone(100.0%), and spearmint oil were $\beta-myrcene(3.5%)$, limonene(12.1%), carvone(85.4%). Among them, carvone and pulegone showed 100% fumigation at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose, respectively. It can concluded that two oils are potential control agents against F. occidentalis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2002

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2012

The essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the herbs of Jeju Agastache rugosa has shown significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. For the elucidation of its volatile components, the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Each component was identified by GC or mass spectral analysis. The compounds identified were as follows: pulegone, L-menthone, DL-limonene, isopulegone, beta-caryophyllene, beta-myrcene, and estragole. Several abundant components with phenylpropanoid-type structures may have contributed to the activity. The results suggest that the essential oil may be suitable for development as a food preservative and alternative antioxidant.