• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2485-2491
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• 2009

Culture was performed by using Sheep Blood Agar Plate (BAP, Asan Pharmaceutical) and Sabouraud Dextrose Ager (SDA, Asan Pharmaceutical) along with air $IDEAL^{TM}$ (Biomerieux), which is a microbe interceptor based on inertial impaction interception, in order to investigate bioaerosol in indoor and outdoor air at five elderly care facilities in a metropolis and an urban-rural consolidated city for two months from April 1 to May 31, 2007. From the culture followed by isolation and identification, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. As for the general isolation of microbes in each facility, care center S had the largest amount of microbes (263 cfu/$m^3$) isolated in a 300L room, followed by care center U having 123 cfu/$m^3$ isolated. 2. As for the number of bacteria isolated from a medium intercepting 300 L indoor, the largest amount of other unidentified or non-pathogenic Gram positive cocci (321 cfu/$m^3$) was isolated and most of the other Gram positive cocci were CNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus). 3. As for the number of fungi isolated from a medium intercepting 300 L in a room, the largest number of Aspergillus spp. (66) was isolated, followed by Mucor spp. (62 cfu/$m^3$), Penicillium spp. (53 cfu/$m^3$), Alternaria spp. (50), and other unidentified or non-pathogenic fungi (42 cfu/$m^3$). 4. As for the rate of indoor and outdoor pollution, the average number of interceptions was all larger indoor than outdoor; the research differentiating the amount of air into 300 L and 500 L demonstrated that the larger amount of air led to more bacteria, making no great variation in the species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Gimpo Jangreung. The results are as follows: First, in the area of Gimpo Jangreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a military camp and industrial districts, Public Cemetery, they have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second, the traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted in the traditional forest. We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, the traditional buildings and facilities such as Hongsal-gate, Jaesil, Suragan, Subokbang and Uhjwong have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2016

This study collected opinions about the design and management of toothbrushing facilities from schoolteachers and the people in charge of public centers, through a focus group interview (FGI), for the development of guidelines. Four moderators conducted eight FGIs of 32 subjects in charge of toothbrushing facilities across all the regions. The qualitative data was analyzed by constant comparative analysis. The findings indicated that more students utilized the facility and brushed their teeth after the installation of toothbrushing facilities. To enhance students' accessibility and safety, guidelines for design and management guidelinesfor toothbrushing facilities need to be developed; the location, sink height and depth, drain size, etc. should be comprehensively considered in the development of the guidelines. This study can help to improve students' satisfaction by enhancing the accessibility, safety, and functionality of toothbrushing facilities, and by providing fundamental data for toothbrushing facilities' development. Finally, this study can maximize the effects of management of toothbrushing facilities management on the improvement of students' oral health and behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.171-181
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• 2020

This is an empirical study that analyzes factors affecting the work-family compatibility of female wage workers with underage children. The analysis was conducted with 1,113 women from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families by Korean Women's Development Institute. As for research methods, multiple regression analysis was used in order to analyze the effects of 'social support(home support, maternity protection support, childcare and education services)', 'job characteristics', 'socio-demographic variables' and 'husband characteristics' on 'work-family compatibility and conflict'. As a result, it was analyzed that the husband's support for work life, gender inequality at work and women's educational training were the factors that strengthen work-family compatibility. It was also analyzed that gender inequality, use of childcare and education facility, number of underage children, age of husband, husband's satisfaction with caring support and husband's support for work life were the factors that cause conflict between work and family. Thus, if the policy of strengthening the work-family compatibility is a long-term policy, it appears that it is necessary to supplement and strengthen policies that can reduce conflict factors in the short term. It is hoped that the results of the study will be used as objective and academic data to strengthen the maternity protection and work-family compatibility of female workers with underage children.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.219-224
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is mainly to provide theoretical basis of private security industry by analyzing the perception and flow of private security from the press-released materials according to periodic classification and duties through 'Big Kinds', a website of analyzing news big data. The research method has been changed to structured data to allow an analysis of various scattered unstructured data, and the keywords trend and related words by duties of private security were analyzed in growth period of private security. The perception of private security based on the results of the study was exposed a lot by the media through various crimes, accidents and incidents, and the issues related permanent position. Also, it tended to be perceived as a simple security guard, not recognized as the area of private security, and judging from the high correlation between private security and police, it was recognized not only as a role to assist the police force, but also as a common agent in charge of the public peace. Therefore, it should objectively judge the perception of private security, and through this, it is believed that it should be a foundation for recognizing private security as a main agent responsible for the safety of the nation and maintaining social orders.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.410-424
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• 2021

Background: Subway stations have the characteristics of being located underground and are a representative public-use facility used by an unspecified number of people. As concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase, various management measures are being implemented. However, there are few systematic studies and cases of long-term continuous measurement of underground station air quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and factors influencing IAQ in subway stations through real-time continuous long-term measurement using IoT-based IAQ sensing equipment, and to evaluate the IAQ improvement effect of a bio-filter system. Methods: The IAQ of a subway station in Seoul was measured using IoT-based sensing equipment. A bio-filter system was installed after collecting the background concentrations for about five months. Based on the data collected over about 21 months, changes in indoor air quality and influencing factors were analyzed and the reduction effect of the bio-filter system was evaluated. Results: As a result of the analysis, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ increased during rush hour according to the change in the number of passengers, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were high when a PM warning/watch was issued. There was an effect of improving IAQ with the installation of the bio-filter system. The reduction rate of a new-bio-filter system with improved efficiency was higher than that of the existing bio-filter system. Factors affecting PM_2.5 in the subway station were the outdoor PM_2.5, platform PM_2.5, and the number of passengers. Conclusions: The IAQ in a subway station is affected by passengers, ventilation through the air supply and exhaust, and the spread of particulate matter generated by train operation. Based on these results, it is expected that IAQ can be efficiently improved if a bio-filter system with improved efficiency is developed in consideration of the factors affecting IAQ and proper placement.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Ocean dumping manure was prohibited in Korea until the end of 2012. Undumped manure was treated by resourcification, purification, and public process in a facility. But poor storage of untreated manure and overproduced compost can pollute river water. In this study, linear regression, Mann-Kendall, Seasonal Mann-Kendall, LOWESS trend, and Spearman's correlation analysis were conducted for investigating the changes in the water quality of Bukhan and Imjin river before and after the prohibition of ocean dumping. In 2017, the Imjin Riv er basin had more than 5.7 times liv estock breeding heads than the Bukhan Riv er basin and more than 3.5 times livestock manure. The areas of land, farmland, and nutrient balance were also higher in the Imjin River basin. Since the two basins have different environments, it is expected that the characteristics of changes in water quality due to the increase in livestock manure generation and treatment methods will be different when comparing the water quality trends before and after the ban. The result of the trend analysis revealed a decrease in EC before the ban but an increase afterward. T-N and BOD of Imjin river increased slightly before the ban but demonstrated great enhancement thereafter. Other sites and T-P exhibited no trend. The correlation analysis result showed that the increase in the number of livestock rearing was correlated with the increase in T-P of Bukhan River and BOD of Imjin River. The increase in livestock manure production was not correlated with the Imjin River basin, while a correlation was observed with the Bukhan River with an increase in T-N and EC and the decrease in T-P.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.55
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• pp.265-297
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic information about the policy and system improvements relevant to single elderly men, through an investigation concerning the use and needs of activity spaces near their housing environments. Eighteen single elderly men over 60-years-old living in Gunsan city of Jeonbuk province in Korea participated in in-depth interview, and the data were qualitatively analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: The social networks of the participants were focused on friends or colleagues, while mutual exchanges with their children were intermittently undertaken. Natural networks of the elderly were formed mainly in third places, such as parks, restaurants, or community facilities, and about a half of the elderly participants had no spatial needs, and the rest required spaces for meal services, the elderly living community, jobs, leisure/hobby activities, or facility improvements. The elements influencing use of activity spaces were access from the residence, health, social networks, and economic conditions. The results suggest the following: Exercise or leisure facilities supporting elderly mobility should be set up close to their residential environments. Senior facilities centered on systematic supports and shuttle buses circulating around the places that the elderly visit frequently should be considered. On the other hand, regular maintenance and education on residents' proper use of the facilities, and sufficient information and fee discounts for the general programs are needed so that the elderly could interact with the younger generation. From a public perspective, a rational system and policy based on understanding single elderly men's needs should be prepared for provision and management of the activity space.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore qualitatively what kind of coping strategy the Korean older adults use when they are depressed and why. Participants were users, older than 60, of an elderly welfare center in Seoul, and answers of 34 respondents who experienced depression were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that strategies to cope with depression used by participants were composed of 6 domains and 11 sub-domains: health behavior (medical approach / exercise and diet), family and social contact (social interaction / going out and going on a trip / communication with family), Religious activities (Religious activities), lifelong education (hobbies / educational activities), productive activities (labor), health risk behaviors (drinking and gambling / resignation). The depression coping strategies of the older adults and their characteristics are as follows. First, older adults used diverse problem-focused coping strategies to cope with depression. Second, older adults considered various coping strategies together and used them simultaneously. Third, the facility space for older adults functions as a shelter. Fourth, although there were cases where medical approach was used, the intention to reuse was very low. Through this study, the following suggestions were made to help older adults cope with depression more successfully. First, access to various coping strategies should be promoted. Second, more places where older adults can spend their time comfortably need to be provided. Third, resistance to mental health care should be resolved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2019

Recently, the paradigm of road policy has been focused on user safety. Recently, the number of road facility improvement project has been continuously increased but the economic feasibility (B/C ratio) is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to select a reasonable road improvement project through accurate and objective analysis of the road safety evaluation. In this study, to develop a new road safety evaluation method, data were collected based on the current road safety evaluation method for 75 routes including national roads and provincial ones. Based on the collected data, problems were analyzed and utilized as the basic factors of the new road safety evaluation method. Therefore, in this study, traffic accidents were reflected as a general evaluation item by weighing to solve these problems, and the evaluation items were added from experiences and ideas of the local public officials. For each evaluation item, a reasonable weight was determined through AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) questionnaire evaluation with highway experts. In addition, the safety index was determined based on the evaluation criteria for each evaluation item. The criteria for evaluating the danger zone are determined by the overall safety index. Finally, the criteria for selection of road improvement projects based on the overall risk level were derived.