• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2009

Objectives : To evaluate the impact of the workplace smoking ban in South Korea, where the male smoking rate is high (57%), on smoking behavior and secondhand smoke exposure. Methods : A workplace smoking ban legislation implemented in April 2003 requires offices, meeting rooms, and lobbies located in larger than 3,000 square meter buildings (or 2,000 square meter multipurpose buildings) should be smoke free. A representative cross-sectional survey, the third wave (2005) of health supplements in the National Health Nutrition Survey of South Korea, was used to measure the impact of the 2003 workplace smoking ban implementation on smoking behavior. It contained 3,122 observations of adults 20 to 65 years old (excluding selfemployed and non-working populations). A multivariate statistical model was used. The self-reported workplace smoking ban policy (full workplace ban, partial workplace ban, and no workplace ban) was used as the key measure. Results : A full workplace smoking ban reduced the current smoking rate by 6.4 percentage points among all workers and also decreased the average daily consumption among smokers by 3.7 cigarettes relative to no smoking ban. Secondhand smoke showed a dramatic decrease of 86 percent (= -1.74/2.03)from the sample mean for full workplace ban. However, public anti-smoking campaign did not show any significant impact on smoking behavior. Conclusions : The full workplace ban policy is effective in South Korea. Male group showed bigger impact of smoking ban policy than female group. The public antismoking campaign did not show any effectiveness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between country-level institutional quality and public debt in the context of Pakistan. The hypotheses of this study were assessed by using the country-level institutional quality data for Pakistan throughout the years from 1996 to 2018. Data came from the World Databank, IMF and Worldwide Governance Indicators databases. For the analysis, ordinary least square, quantile regression and robust regression were employed to assess the factors influencing the public debt. The results of this study indicate that the factors of voice and accountability, regulatory quality, and control of corruption have a positive and significant relationship with public debt, while political stability, government effectiveness, and the rule of law have a negative and significant effect on public debt. Based on the findings, a weak country-level institutional quality poses a substantial market risk as it signals the existence of an unfavorable economic condition that raises public debt. It was also revealed that an improved performance of country-level institutional quality can lead to the improvement of financial market transparency, hence reduce public debt. In contrast to previous studies, the present study will be breaking ground in enhancing public insight regarding the impact of country-level institutional quality on Pakistan's public debt.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

This study is to clarify the actual condition of some characteristics of a public facilities and the space design of laube of Japanese 3-Kleingartens. The results of this paper is as follows: 1)There are basically all the public facility for maintenance in the kleingartens. B and C Kleingartens have the various public facilities to get the additional experience for members. 2) All the laube is a wood structure, the floor plans are all the same square types. The deck, terrace, and balcony were very useful facilities to agricultural works. 3)The basic rooms of all the laube are usual entry, storage, kitchen, dining, living, bathroom. The floor plan of A and B laube is planned by a closed kitchen, C laube is a living kitchen. The living room of B laube is a variable space, to separating or unity room possibly.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.477-489
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• 2014

정보보호를 위한 암호 시스템을 임베디드 장치에서 개발할 경우 발생할 수 있는 구현상의 문제점을 이용하여 비밀키를 추출하기 위한 여러 부채널 공격들이 시도되어 왔다. 특히, 공개 키 암호 시스템에서 사용하는 멱승(exponentiation) 연산은 기본적으로 곱셈과 자승으로 구현되어 왔으나, 최근 부채널 공격에 대응하기 위한 방법으로 곱셈을 자승 연산으로 대체하는 새로운 Square Always 멱승 알고리듬이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지 부채널 공격에 안전하다고 알려진 Right-to-Left형태의 Square Always 멱승 알고리듬을 공격할 수 있는 기지 전력 충돌 분석(Known Power Collision Analysis) 공격과 변형된 Doubling 공격을 제안한다. 또한, 오류 주입 공격 후 충돌 쌍을 찾아내는 전력 분석 기법을 이용하여 비밀 키를 찾아낼 수 있는 충돌 기반의 조합 공격(Collision-based Combined Attack)을 제안한다. 그리고 Square Always 멱승 알고리듬이 제안한 부채널 공격들에 의해 취약한 특성을 가지고 있음을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2020

본 연구는 주민센터 공무원들과 지역주민들의 보건사업에 대한 관심차이를 조사하여 향후 주민센터 공무원과 지역주민의 보건사업에 대한 관심도를 제고하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 주민센터 공무원 집단 46명과 지역주민 107명을 대상으로 하여 세부 보건사업에 대한 관심도를 조사하였고, 자료 분석은 카이검정(Chi-Square)과 독립표본 t-검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과를 종합하면, 주민센터 공무원 담당자들이 지역주민에 비해 보건사업에 대한 관심도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 보건사업 관심도 평균 차이에서도 지역주민이 주민센터 공무원 보다 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 앞으로 주민센터가 보다 보건과 복지의 통합적인 역할을 담당하기 위해서는 공무원들의 역할을 확대시켜 나아가야 한다. 이를 위해서는 주민센터 공무원 및 지역주민들의 보건사업 등에 관한 관심도를 높여 통합적이고 유기적인 서비스가 이루어져야 하고, 지역주민들의 보건사업에 대한 능동적인 참여가 이루어져야 한다. 이는 주민센터 공무원과 지역주민의 보건사업에 대한 관심도를 높이기 위해서 다양한 모색이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to define the difference in the self-concepts between the public and the private primary school students. The data were collected from March 16 to 20 in 1994. The objects of this study are the 5th graded primary school students, total 193, from the public (94 students) and private (99 students) schools located in Chong Ju city. The tool used for this study is SDQ (Self Description Questionnaire). The SDQ is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure seven aspects self-concept hypothesized in Shavelson's hierarchical model. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test and 2-way ANOVA. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Between the public students and the private students there were no significant differences in the self-concept. 2. 2-way ANOVA using sex (male vs. female) and type of school (public vs. private) were performed. The boys had substantially higher self-concepts in physical ability and the nonacademic self concept. The girls tended to have higher self-concepts for the academic factors (except for Mathematies). 3. 2-way ANOVA using social stratification (upper vs. lower) and type of school (public vs. private) were performed. The upper classes tended to have higher self-concept for the academic factors. The social stratification and sample interactions were statistically no significant.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teacher's and parent's recognition of kindergarten and elementary school about the public education in early childhood education. Especially they included the recognition of concept and necessity, preconsideration, and the direction of future policy of early childhood education to public one. The subjects were 182 teachers and 190 parents in kindergarten and elementary school in Korea. The data was analyzed by Frequency, Percentage, and Chi-Square. The main results were as follows; 1. Teachers and parents defined the concept of public education of the early childhood education as a system which puts a direction in operation and support the finances of national and local government for public and private kindergarten. In addition, teachers and parents thought that the public education was necessary because early childhood was important in developmental aspects. 2. Teachers and parents insisted that the expansion of understanding about public education should be preconsidered and various early childhood programs should be developed. 3. Teachers and parents also agreed that the public education policy should be based on the model and should be progressed sequentially. But they distrusted the current policy.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate key factors that affect customer dissatisfaction on public transportation system by highlighting the necessity of citizen participation and improved management of advanced technology for sustainability. Research questions applied in this study include following; i) how are factors on dissatisfaction related to types of transportation modes; ii) how do perceived proposed factors affect citizen dissatisfaction; iii) how do the improvement of public transportation service affect the level of expected satisfaction; and iv) how do expected satisfaction affect policy agreement and government trust. Research design, data and methodology: For qualitative research, civil opinions were collected and chi-square analysis was applied using keywords. For quantitative research, online survey was collected and factor and multiple regression analyses were applied. 3) Results: This study found that efficiency of operation system and safety on dissatisfaction showed significant in all three public transportation modes. This study found that perception of government policy and trust on government will increase as expected satisfaction increases. Conclusions: This study provides managerial and policy implications on society and policy makers by addressing necessity of improving strategies for public transportation system with the consideration of citizen relationship management and sustainable development.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2007

In previous nuclear genomic association studies, Random Forests (RF), one of several up-to-date machine learning methods, has been used successfully to generate evidence of association of genetic polymorphisms with diseases or other phenotypes. Compared with traditional statistical analytic methods, such as chi-square tests or logistic regression models, the RF method has advantages in handling large numbers of predictor variables and examining gene-gene interactions without a specific model. Here, we applied the RF method to find the association between mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) and diabetes risk. The results from a chi-square test validated the usage of RF for association studies using mtDNA. Indexes of important variables such as the Gini index and mean decrease in accuracy index performed well compared with chi-square tests in favor of finding mtSNPs associated with a real disease example, type 2 diabetes.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

본 연구는 공중보건간호사제도가 국민보건향상이라는 목적에 부합하는 제도로 도입 될 수 있도록 의료서비스 제공자와 이용자를 대상으로 제도에 대한 인식을 살펴보고, 남자간호사 간호의 질 확인을 통해 공중보건간호사에게 요구되는 역량을 분석하기 위하여 서술적 조사를 실시한 융합연구이다. 최종 연구 참여 인원은 의료서비스 제공자(간호사, 의사, 물리치료사 등) 75명, 이용자(입원환자 또는 환자 보호자) 65명으로 총 140명이었다. 기술통계와 Chi-square, t-test로 통계분석 하였다. 연구결과 공중보건간호사제도 도입에 대하여 제공자 집단 77.3%와 이용자 집단 66.2%가 동의하였다. 공중보건의료인으로 가장 적합한 직종으로 제공자의 81.4%, 이용자의 70.8%가 간호사라고 답하였다. 공중보건간호사의 복무기간에 대한 견해에서 두 집단 간 차이가 있었다(t=7.56, p = .03). 공중보건간호사로서 필요한 간호역량에 대하여 제공자 집단과 이용자 집단 모두 간호전문성 개발 노력을 가장 중요시 하였다. 남자간호사 간호의 질 점수는 집단 간 차이는 없었으나 선행연구결과와 비교할 때 공중보건간호사로 배출될 남자간호사의 정신 사회적 간호, 의사소통 간호 확인을 위한 연구를 제언한다.