• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.679-692
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• 1996

This study was performed to find the prevalence and the associated risk factors with low back pain(LBP) of the staffs in a university at Kwang-ju city. The data were collected by a questionnaire including SDS(self - rating depression Scale) battery from September 1st to October 15th, 1996. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence rate of LBP during lifetime was 73.1%, 53.1% for the last one year, and 23.6% for the last one week. 2. Statistically significant factors related to LBP during lifetime were sex and satisfaction with job. Sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, occupation, work posture, forward bending of trunk and satisfaction with job were selected as significant factors related to LBP during the last one year. The significant determinants related with LBP during the last one week were sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, occupation, forward bending of trunk and satisfaction with job. 3. Through the analysis of self - rating depression scores according to LBP, respondents with LBP had the significantly higher value of physiological disturbances and lower value of psychomotor activities than those without LBP. 4. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with LBP during lifetime were selected to be female(OR=2.63, 95% CI : $1.08\sim6.40$), dissatisfaction with job(OR=2.16, 95% CI : $1.16\sim4.15$), those for the last one year were chosen to be female(OR=2.30, 95% CI : $1.03\sim5.12$), forward bending of trunk(OR=2.18, 95% CI : $1.26\sim3.79$), dissatisfaction with job(OR=1.84, 95% CI : $1.06\sim3.21$), and those for the last one week were female(OR=3.00, 95% CI : $1.17\sim7.69$), forward bending of trunk(OR=2.85, 95% CI : $1.38\sim5.88$). In conclusion, for effective prevention of the LBP at work site, appropriate improvement of work posture and various psychological factors should be considered.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 주의집중력이 저하된 아동에게 뉴로피드백 훈련이 주의집중력의 향상에 효과가 있는가를 알아보고, 더 나아가 과잉행동(hyperactivity)과 충동성(impulsivity)의 호전에 효과가 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구에서는 주의집중력이 저하된 아동 20명을 대상으로 각 아동별로 뉴로피드백 C3-A1 프로토콜을 15~20회 시행하였으며, 뉴로피드백 시행 전과 후의 주의집중력 정도를 ADHD Rating Scale-IV : Parent Version(ARS)과 Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version(ADDES-HV)을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과 : ARS 점수는 뉴로피드백 시행 전 inattention 소척도 평균 점수 14.2점에서 20회 시행 후의 평균 점수 8.8점으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소하였으며, impulsivity/hyperactivity 소척도의 평균 점수는 13.3점에서 7.1점으로 유의하게 감소하였다. ADDES-HV의 경우는 뉴로피드백 시행 전 inattention 소척도 평균 점수 34.8점에서 20회 시행 후의 평균 점수 20.7점으로 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), impulsivity 소척도는 22.5점에서 12.7점, hyperactivity 소척도는 18.8점에서 9.9점으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 이 점수들은 대개 10~15회 시점부터 유의하게 변화하기 시작하였다. 결론 : 뉴로피드백 치료를 통하여 아동의 주의집중력, 과잉행동, 충동성이 호전되었으며, 이는 뉴로피드백이 주의력 향상, ADHD의 치료에 한 방법이 될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2002

Contamination levels of pathogenic microorganisms in 145 cases of beef, which were distributed in Gwangju province, had been investigated in each distributed stage and also monitored by general bacterial count and E coli count index. General bacterial count of beef from the slaughterhouse was 10$^4$cfu/g less than the level of promotion(10 cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$) and E coli count index was also under the level of 10$^2$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ recommended level of the ministry of agriculture and forestry. Pathogenic microorganisms were detected from 23.2% of samples in the consumption stage, 12.5% in the slaughtering stage and 5.6% in the transporting and processing stage. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the largest number and its ratio was 9.0%, listeria monocytogenes 5.5% and salmonella spp 1.4%. There were no samples that bacteria had been detected dually. E coli O157:H7 and campylobacter jejuni were not isolated. In raw and chilled beef, isolation rate of pathogenic microorganisms were 13.3% and 16.5% each. Especially in raw beef, L monocytogenes was. isolated in 3 samples among 30 cases (10%) and S aureus in one sample (3.3%). According to a scale of meat store, isolation rates of pathogenic microorganisms were different. It was 28.6% in the small-scale meat store and 16.7% in the large-scale meat store each. Four cases (16.7%) of S aureus were isolated in the large-scale meat store and seven cases (20.0%) of L monocytogenes and 2 cases (5.7%) of salmonella spp were isolated in the small-scale meat store. S aureus was isolated in two places among 10 feeding facilities of the elementary school. This result shows that the sanitation of elementary school feeding facilities is so poor and more careful policy consideration is needed. Eleven strains of S aureus isolated showed ${\beta}$-hemolysis on blood agar, 1 strain ${\alpha}$-hemolysis, and 1 strain ${\gamma}$-hemolysis. Isolated strains of L monocytogenes were reconfirmed in 560 bp by PCR. Conclusively, these results show that the sanitary condition in the stages of slaughtering, transportation-processing and consumption influences the degree of pathogenic microorganisms contamination in beef severely It is necessary to apply thoroughly hazard analysis critical control point in a process of beef distribution and also to develop rapid test methods for microorganism diagnosis. This effort is very important for the supply of safe and clean meat from farm to table and helpful for the improvement of public health.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-129
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• 1971

As the result of a survey conducted by the author on the status of tile 12 educational institutions for mentally retarded children in Korea and their quartering facilities as well as on 934 children accommodated in such institutions, the following conclusion has been reached: 1) More than a half (approximately 58 percent) of the facilities for mentally retarded children are concentrated in Seoul. About eighty-three percent of these facilities are private establishments, of which 70 percent have their proprietors concurrently as their superintendents. Although these facilities were first established as many as 22 years ago, it has been only five or six years since education was actually started for mentally restarted children. 2) Out of a total of 179 employes, teachers number 99, there by constituting approximately 57.6 percent. Out of them, however, only 32 teachers or 2.8 percent have special teachers licenses. Thus, each teachers has to take care of an average of 29 children. This is excessive a number of children per teachers in view of the special nature of this education, there by indication how urgent it would be to secure more teachers lot this field. 3) Out of the mantally retarded children investigated 57.6 percent suffer from physical disorder in addition to mental retardation, 53.0 percent from mental alienation illnesses besides retardation, and 25 pent from physical, mental disorders in addition to retardation. It is therefore necessary to maintain medical and nursing facilities together with educational facilities. however, two places have no medical facilities at all, and four other places, without medical personnel, have to receive medical support from nearby hospitals or clinics. 4) The total number of children in the surveyed facilities is 934, who can be broken down into 58.7 percent boys and 41.3 percent for girls. They are classified into 12.5 percent for idiot, 37.7 percent for imbeciles, 32.7 percent for morons, and 17.3 percent for thoes children on borderline. Their average age is 13.9 years. 5) As the result of education, the illiteracy rate of mentally retarded children has decreased from 78.1 percent to 32.1 percent while the percentage of those taking the primary school course has increased for 12.2 per cent to 33.5 percent. As a result, it has been learned that education is definitely necessary for Retarded children though it may be a difficult task. 6) The children who have mentally retarded children among their brothers or sisters constitute 6.3 percent of the total number. The corresponding rate for boys is 3.5 percent while that for girls is a remarkably higher rate 10.6 percent. Through studies on the causes of their mental retardation, it has been learned that 39.6 percent of them is of the inherent type and 35.3 percent is of the environmental type. Control and improvement of health of mothers and children, early diagnosis and early treatment are believed to be very important because they could prevent or alleviant much of these conditions. 7) The storage age of teachers and employes is 35.3 years, an indication that a great proportion of them is experienced in a way or another as their major difficulty or problems in serving with these special school, 22.5 percent cited inadequate payment 24.5 gave the inadequate public understanding, and 22.5 percent pointed out the lack of understanding on the part of give parents.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2020

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Status of Registered Persons with Disabilities", the number of people with disabilities is 2,494,460 as of 2015. The lowest rates of children with disabilities were intellectual disabilities (23%) and mental disorders (33.3%). The highest rates of screening were blindness (97%), heart failure (94.4%), and hearing impairment (92.7%). 65.2% of visually impaired people who have already had a disability at the time of marriage, and the remaining 34.8% can be thought to be the cause of high incidence of disability after marriage. 'SID (Seed in the Dark)' project was designed to recapture the visually impaired parent's desire for attachment and the space difficulties of the blind who want to be a normal parent to their children through a visual impairment of a father with 7-year-old daughter. Using Gear VR(Virtual Reality), the general public was able to feel the surroundings as if they had no vision and focused on the hearing. Especially, We expressed the sound wave visually and added the hilarious game element which grasps the terrain of the maze by sound wave like a 'blind person who perceives the surroundings by sound' and catches up with daughter. People with disabilities who are far from mental illness often have a form of family with children. The fact that the rate of childbirth is high means that there is relatively little problem in daily life. It is wondered that the rate of blindness among the visually impaired, which accounts for 10% of the total disabled, is the highest at 97%. This is because, in the case of the visually impaired, the obstacle is often caused by aging, accidents, or diseases due to inherited causes rather than the visual disorder. In particular, However, the fact that there is an obstacle in vision that accounts for 83% of the body's sensory organs causes other difficulties in the nursing process of children who are non-disabled. Parents do not know the face of child when their visual impairment is severe. Parents are extremely anxious about worry that they will be lost or abducted if their children are not by their side. And that the child recognizes the disability of his or her parents other than the other parents easily and takes it as a deficiency. Since visually impaired parents are mentally mature parents with non-disabled people, they may want their children not to feel deprived of their disability. The number of people with visual impairments has been increasing since 2001, and people with impairments often become disabled. In addition, there is much research on the problem of nondisabled parents who have children with disabilities, while there is relatively little interest and research on the problem of nondisabled child rearing of parents with disabilities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5681-5686
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• 2015

Background: Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth in deaths caused by cancers throughout the world. Gemcitabine chemotherapy is the primary method of treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, and in asco2014, it is still firstline chemotherapy. Howeve,r gemcitabine+fluorouracil regimens are also licensed and widely used worldwide. Clinical trials are the best way to evaluate drug efficacy. In this study, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether gemcitabine+fluoropyrimidine combination therapy improves the prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer compared with gemcitabine treatment alone. Materials and Methods: A quantitative up-to-date meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based combination treatment compared with gemcitabine monotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Inclusion was limited to high-quality randomized clinical trials. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the present analysis, with a total of 3,038 patients recruited. The studies were divided into three subgroups including 5-FU / CAP / S-1 combined with gemcitabine. For the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS), gemcitabine-based combination therapy demonstrated significantly better outcome (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95) than gemcitabine monotherapy. The analysis of progression free survival (PFS) also provided a significant result for the combined therapy in a total of 8 trials (2,130 patients) (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86). With subgroup analysis according to the method of dosing delivery, we found that in the injection group with 3 trials (889 patients), a negative result was found (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77-1.12); while a positive result was observed in the oral group with 9 trials (2,149 patients) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). Conclusions: Gemcitabine combination therapy provides a modest improvement of survival, but is associated with more toxicity compared with gemcitabine monotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6009-6014
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• 2014

Aims: To investigate changes in cellular immune function of patients with lung cancer before and after cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy and to identify variation effects on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods:A total of 943 lung cancer patients with immune dysfunction were recruited from January 2002 to January 2010, 532 being allocated to conventional therapy and 411 to CIK therapy after a standard treatment according to the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines. All the patients were investigated for cellular immune function before and after therapy every three months. and clinical prognostic outcomes were analyzed. Results: After six courses of treatment, immune function was much improved in patients receiving CIK cells therapy as compared to controls. The percentages of recurrence and/or metastases for patients undergoing CIK cell therapy was 56.2% and 49.1% respectively but 78.6% and 70.3% among controls (p<0.001). The median OS times for CIK cell therapy and control groups were 48 and 36 months respectively. The OS rates at 12, 36, 60, 84 months in CIK treated patients were 97.8%, 66.9%, 27.7%, and 4.1% while they were 92.3%, 44.5%, 9.2%, and 1.5% in controls. OS and PFS were significantly different by log rank test between the two groups and across the three immune improvement classes. Conclusions: The immune function of lung cancer patients was improved by CIK cell therapy, associated with an increase in the OS rate and extension of the time to recurrence and/or metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3435-3441
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• 2014

Background: Axillary lymph node status at diagnosis remains the strongest predictor of long-term survival in breast cancer. Patients with more than ten axillary lymph nodes at diagnosis have a poor long-term survival. In this single institutional study, we set out to evaluate the prognosis of this high-risk group in the era of multimodality therapy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we looked at all breast cancer patients with greater than ten axillary lymph nodes diagnosed at Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC) from January 1st 1990 to December 31st 2007 (n=161). In the univariate analysis, descriptive frequencies, median survival, and 5- and 10-year survival rates were estimated for common prognostic factors. A multivariate prognostic analysis for time-to-event data, using the extended Cox regression model was carried out. Results: With a median and mean follow-up of 70 and 89.9 months, respectively, the overall median survival was estimated to be 99 months. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 59.3% and the ten-year DFS was 37.9%, whereas the five- and ten-year overall survival (OS) was 66.6% and 43.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant improvement in DFS among black patients compared to whites (p=0.05), improved DFS and OS among young patients (ages 21-45) compared to elderly patients (age greater than 70) (p=0.00176, p=0.0034, respectively), and improved DFS and OS among patients whose tumors were ER positive (p=0.049, p=0.0034). Conclusions: In this single institution study of patients with greater than 10 positive axillary nodes, black patients had a significantly improved DFS compared with white patients. Young age and ER tumor positivity was associated with improved outcomes. Using multivariate analysis, there were no other variables associated with statistically significant improvements in DFS or OS including date of diagnosis. Further work is needed to improve breast cancer survival in this subgroup of patients.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.446-457
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• 2016

본 연구는 질적 주제 분석방법을 적용하여 간호사신문에서 간호사의 일-가정 양립을 위한 주제가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지 조사하였다. 자료 수집은 2012년 9월 14일부터 2015년 2월 10일까지 간호사신문 웹 사이트를 통해 수집하였으며, 분석 대상은 2000년부터 2014년까지의 일-가정 양립 관련 기사 총 473건이었다. 연구결과 일-가정 양립 정부정책, 일-가정 양립을 위한 대한간호협회의 활동 등 2개의 주제와 10개의 하부주제가 도출되었다. 일-가정 양립 정부정책으로는 육아 휴가 정책, 자녀양육 지원정책, 근무제도 개선정책, 가족친화적 문화정책이며, 일-가정 양립을 위한 대한간호협회의 활동으로는 다양한 근무형태 도입을 위한 활동, 24시간 직장보육시설 확충을 위한 활동, 유휴간호인력 지원 활동, 건강한 출산 양육환경 조성 활동, 가족친화적인 직장 환경을 위한 활동, 대체인력을 확보하기 위한 활동으로 도출되었다. 지난 15년간 일-가정 양립을 다룬 기사의 수는 양적으로 증가하는 양상이었으며, 국가적 사건이나 사회 분위기에 따라 그 관심의 정도가 다르게 나타났고, 대한간호협회의 활동이 정부의 정책과 유기적인 관련성을 나타냈다. 간호사신문이 일-가정 양립과 관련하여 앞으로 선도해야 할 방향은 양성평등을 대변하는 젠더관점으로의 전환, 모성보호관련 이행이 취약한 실태나 문제점 등을 심층적으로 공론화하는 등 간호사의 입장을 대변해야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2020

국민의 의료수준 향상으로 CT 검사건수는 매년 증가되고 있는 추세이며, 이에 따라 연간 의료 방사선에 의한 피폭선량 또한 증가되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CT 부위별 검사 시 노출되는 인체의 유효선량을 평가하고, 이로 인한 생애 암 귀속 위험도를 추정하고자 한다. 첫 번째로, CT 진단참고수준 가이드라인에서 제시하는 부위 중 5가지를 선정하였으며, CT 장치를 통해 각 검사 부위별로 노출되는 인체의 유효선량을 평가하였다. 두 번째로, 동일한 조건 내 ALARA-CT 프로그램을 이용하여 인체 장기 및 유효선량을 산정하였으며, 국내 DRL 수준과 비교하여 검사 프로토콜에 대한 적정성을 평가하였다. 세 번째로, CT 검사 시 노출되는 유효선량에 의한 생애 암 귀속 위험도(LAR)을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 검사 중 복부 다중시기 검사 시 21.18 mSv로 가장 높은 유효선량을 나타내었으며, 복부검사를 제외한 나머지 검사에서는 DRL 이하의 선량수준을 나타내었다. 동일한 조건 내 선량계산 프로그램을 이용한 유효선량 평가 결과, 각 검사별로 약 1.1 ~ 1.9배 이상 높은 결과를 나타내었으며, 장기선량의 경우 검사 부위에 근접한 장기일수록 산란선에 의해 높은 영향을 나타내었다. CT 검사 시 성인의 생애 암 귀속 위험도의 경우, 연령이 증가함에 따라 점차적으로 감소되는 양상을 보였으며, 성별에 따라 다소 상이한 결과를 나타내었다.