• 생물정신의학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Objective:The purposes of this study were to investigate heart rate variability(HRV) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) compared with major depressive disorder in Korea. Methods:Fifty-six GAD patients(20 male and 36 female) was classified into their comorbid psychiatric illness. Among them, Twenty-five patients(10 male and 15 female) who do not have any psychiatric comorbidity were compared with 30 major depressive disorder patients(12 male and 18 female). Clinical symptoms, HRV and MMPI were analysed between two group. Results:Comorbid psychiatric illnesses of GAD were ranked into no diagnosis(44.6%), MDD(32.1%), panic disorder(10.7%), social phobia(5.3%), PTSD(1.7%), OCD(1.7%), MDD+panic disorder(1.7%) and MDD+specific phobia(1.7%). GAD patients showed low functioning in HRV, but degree of decreasing HRV is not so severe compared with MDD patient. Balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve tone is more severely impaired in GAD patients compared with MDD patient. The score of MMPI did not reveal any differences between two groups. Conclusions:The result showed that HRV can differenciate GAD and MDD patients. GAD patients could show decreased HRV functioning, less than MDD patients. But autonomic imbalance could be more severe in GAD than MDD patients.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2000

신체화는 진단보다는 오히려 일종의 과정으로 간주된다. 따라서 단순히 진단명을 선택하기보다는 정신병리를 알아 보려는 노력이 더 중요하다. 신체형장애의 진단 및 치료의 어려움은 환자의 질병행동 즉 정신사회적 문제를 부정하여 정신과적 접근을 기피하는 것과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 신체증상 이면에 있는 정신사회적 문제에 대한 단서를 포착하는 것은 정신과의사의 중요한 역할이다. 이런 점에서 신체화 환자들에 대한 치료적 접근은 정신과적 치료에 대한 수용을 촉진할 수 있는 특정 기술과 전략이 요구된다. 신체화 환자의 치료목표는 완치가 아니라 관리에 있다. 치료는 환자의 반응과 필요성에 따라 융통성을 두어야 한다. 평가 및 치료 초기부터 여러 과가 공동으로 접근하는 것이 효과적이다. 결론적으로 신체화의 평가 및 치료는 통합적인 접근 즉 생물정신사회적인 접근이 필요하다. 특히 다른 신경증 환자에서보다는 생물의학적 접근이 더 강조될 필요가 있다. 따라서 이런 환자들을 조기에 발견하고 환자의 정신과적 치료의 수용을 촉진시키기 위해서는 신체형환자에게 적절한 접근 즉 면담기술을 개발해야 함은 물론 다른과 의사들을 교육시키는 것도 정신과의사가 해야 할 중요한 역할에 속한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of unrecognized depression in patients with chronic pain, but with no history of psychiatric diseases. Methods: Patients with chronic pain who did not have a history of psychiatric disease were selected for this study. The Beck Depression Index (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics and pain-related characteristics were also recorded. Results: The study included 94 consecutive patients with chronic pain (28 men and 66 women). Based on the BDI scores, 33/94 (35.1%) patients with chronic pain had comorbid depression. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in our cohort than it was in the general population (P < 0.001). The standardized incidence ratio, adjusted for age and sex, was 2.77 in men and 2.60 in women. Patients who were unmarried (odds ratio [OR] = 3.714, P = 0.044), and who had subjective sleep disturbance (OR = 8.885, P < 0.001), were more likely to have moderate to severe depression. Patients with high education levels (OR = 0.244, P = 0.016), and who were economically active (OR = 0.284, P = 0.023), were less likely to have moderate to severe depression. Conclusions: Our results indicate that unrecognized depression in patients with chronic pain is common. Therefore, pain physicians should actively seek to identify these problems rather than relying on the patient to volunteer such information.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.42-44
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• 2019

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare and underdiagnosed neuropsychiatric illness. We present the case of a 17-year-old girl who was admitted to a tertiary-care psychiatric center with acute onset psychosis and fever. Her psychotic symptoms were characterized by persecutory and referential delusions, as well as tactile and visual hallucinations. Her acute behavioral disturbance warranted admission and treatment in a psychiatric setting (risperidone tablets, 3 mg/day). She had experienced an episode of fever with a unilateral visual acuity defect approximately 3 years before admission, which was resolved with treatment. Focused clinical examination revealed an enlarged thyroid, and baseline blood investigations, including thyroid function test results were normal. Abnormal laboratory investigations revealed elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) levels (anti-TPO of 480 IU/mL; anti-TG of 287 IU/mL). Results of other investigations for infection, including cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. She was diagnosed with HE and was treated with intravenous corticosteroids (methylprednisolone up to 1 g/day; tapered and discontinued after a month). The patient achieved complete remission of psychotic symptoms and normalization of the anti-thyroid antibody titers. Currently, at the seventh month of follow-up, the patient is doing well. This case highlights the fact that in the absence of well-defined clinical diagnostic criteria, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of HE. Psychiatrists need to explore for organic etiologies when dealing with acute psychiatric symptoms in a younger age group.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2019

Objectives: In this preliminary study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of patients who were first diagnosed with psychotic disorder and explored the impact of the adherence to antipsychotics on long-term medical use. Methods: All national health insurance claims related to psychotic disorders including gender, age, income, and drug compliance, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2015, were examined. With trend test using Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), we compared the medical use between the compliant group (MRP≥0.8) and the comparative non-compliant group (0.2≤MPR<0.8). Results: Among 28,095 participants in total, 16,239 patients (57.8%) were diagnosed as schizophrenia; the 30s were the most common (n=7,151, 25.5%). Drug compliance was generally low regardless of the diagnosis and was the lowest among 20s with the 40-60% range of income. The compliant group showed lower psychiatric and medical use than the comparative group in the following years (p<0.0001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients in the 20s and 30s with the 40-60% range of income, who are diagnosed with schizophrenia at the first psychiatric visit, may need more clinical and political attention. The results also emphasize the importance of initial drug adherence to antipsychotics in reducing long-term psychiatric costs.

• 우울조울병
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : This study aims to identify sociodemographic and disease-related variables which predicts continuity of outpatient treatment after discharge among bipolar patients. Materials and Method : The medical records of patients who discharged with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder from Department of Psychiatry, St. Mary's hospital from 2005 to 2009 were reviewed. Data on sociodemographic and disease-related variables were analyzed. Results : It showed older age, higher rate of male and higher rate of being married in 1-year follow-up group than in non-follow-up group. And it showed longer duration of index hospitalization, higher rate of previous psychiatric outpatient treatment within 3 months before index hospitalization, higher rate of involuntary admission in 1-year follow-up group than in non-follow-up group. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, being male, previous psychiatric treatment and longer duration of index hospitalization were significantly related to an increased likelihood of 1-year follow-up visits. Conclusion : Age, sex, history of previous psychiatric treatment, and duration of hospitalization seems to have influence on continuity of outpatient treatment after discharge.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

연구목적 : 섬망은 병원 내의 임상적 상황에서 만날 수 있는 가장 흔한 정신과적 질환 중 하나이다. 섬망이 고령에서 보다 빈번하게 나타나고 높은 사망률과 연관이 있기에 섬망을 초기에 정확하게 진단하여 치료적 개입을 시행하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 그러나 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 여전히 섬망이 잘못 진단되어 지거나 간과되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 치료팀이 섬망을 초기에 정확하게 진단해 내기 위해서는 섬망의 정의, 병태생리 및 여러 가지 다양한 검사 도구들을 특정 내 외과적인 상황에 적절하게 사용하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문을 통해서 섬망을 조기 진단하기 위한 검사 도구들을 소개하고 임상적 상황에서 섬망을 정확하게 진단해 내기 위한 방안들을 모색해 보고자 한다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of depression, self-efficacy and social support on suicidal ideation in people with mental disorder. The participants for this study were 165 patients from psychiatric hospital, day hospital, community mental health center and nursing home, located in Busan. A self-report survey was used for data collection, which was carried out from May 1 to 30, 2011. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS21.0 program. According to results, Suicidal ideation was influenced by age, number of admission, psychiatric diagnosis and history of suicidal attempts. This study showed that suicide ideation had positive correlation with depression, negative with social support. History of suicidal attempt, depression, self-esteem and social support accounted for 52.8% regarding suicidal ideation. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes decreasing depression and suicidal attempt and increasing the self-esteem and social support in order to decrease suicidal ideation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.12-27
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• 1994

성인의 우울증과는 달리 아동기 우울증의 존재와 정의에 대해서는 많은 논란이 있어왔다. DSM-III(1980)에 이르러서야 공식적인 병명으로 인정되었으나, 아직도 아동기 우울증은 다른 정신적인 장애에 비해 진단 준거 자체가 명확하게 정의되어 있지 못할 뿐만 아니라 발달 단계에 따라 우울증상은 다른 양상으로 표현되므로, 아동기 우울증의 정확한 진단을 위해서는 다양한 평가 방법을 사용하여 여러 사람들로부터 정보를 얻는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자기보고형 질문지, 면접, 행동 평정 척도, 구조화된 검사, 투사법 검사 등 주요 평가 방법들을 고찰해보았고, 앞으로 아동기 우울증 평가 방법에서 해결되어야 할 신뢰도 및 타당도에 관한 몇가지 문제점들에 대해 논의하였다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2016

연구목적 자살시도자는 일반적인 경우에 비해 의사결정 능력이 떨어지며, 다시 자살을 시도할 위험성이 높기 때문에 재시도 전에 정신건강의학과 치료로 연계하는 것이 중요하다. 특히 신체적 질병이 있는 사람은 자살시도를 할 확률이 높고, 사망률 역시 높아진다. 이 연구는 자살시도자의 특성을 조사하고, 자살시도 후 응급실에 방문하여 정신건강의학과 치료를 받기로 결정하는 데 신체적 질병이 어떤 영향을 주는지 분석하였다. 방 법 2012년 1월부터 12월까지 경기도의 일 종합병원 응급실에 내원한 132명의 자살시도자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 검토해 인구통계학적, 임상적 요인을 조사하였고 정신건강의학과 치료 연계여부에 따라 분석하였다. 결 과 입원과 외래 상관 없이 정신건강의학과 치료를 받는 것에 영향을 주는 요인은 정신건강의학과 진단 유무, 직업 유무, 정신건강의학과 치료 과거력, 자살시도 과거력이었다. 정신건강의학과 치료 형태를 입원과 외래로 나누어 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도(Charlson comorbidity index)를 비교했을 때, 입원을 통해 정신건강의학과 치료를 받은 자살시도자와 치료 자체를 거부한 자살시도자는 외래에서 치료를 받은 자살시도자보다 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도가 높게 나타났다. 결 론 이 연구 결과 응급실에 내원한 자살시도자에게 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도(Charlson comorbidity index)가 정신건강의학과 치료 형태에 영향을 미친다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 정신건강의학과 의사는 응급실에 내원한 자살시도자에 대해 의학적 동반질병의 여부 및 심각도를 평가하여 동반된 의학적 질병이 상대적으로 심각함에도 불구하고 자의퇴원을 진행하려고 하는 자살시도자에게 좀 더 합리적인 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있어야 한다.