• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts (70%, v/v) from Whole, Root and Leaf stem part of dried Zostera marina. In order to use Zostera marina extract as a basic material of cosmetic component. The extracts of Zostera marina conducted an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. As a result, clear zone(mm) of Staphylococcus epidermidis was confirmed at $13.00{\pm}0.50mm$ and Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa have measured $11.75{\pm}0.25mm$, $12.00{\pm}0.50mm$, $12.25{\pm}0.25mm$ from Root extract part of Zostera marina. A Zostera marina extract is expectied to have antimicrobial effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of herbal eye drops, Tangpo-san and Coptidis rhizoma on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. The following results were obtained by using Minimum inhibition Concentration(MIC) and inhibition Zone. 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Tangpo-san was 100%, in Coptidis rhizoma was 100% and in Cravit was 0.1% 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Tangpo-san was 100%, in Coptidis rhizoma was 10% and in Cravit was 0.1%. 3. MIC on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tangpo-san, Coptidis rhizoma was not showing and in Cravit was 0.1%. 4. The size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus for Tangpo-san was 13.3mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, for Coptidis rhizoma was 26mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and for Cravit was 31mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, showing the highest antibacterial effect. 5. The size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus epidermidis for Tangpo-san was 16mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, for Coptidis rhizoma was 25mm in $40{\mu}{\ell}$ and for Cravit was 34mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, showing the highest antibacterial effect. 6. The size of inhibition zone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Tangpo-san, Coptidis rhizoma was not and for Cravit was 24.7mm in $50{\mu}l$, showing the antibacterial effect. In addition, the results shows that the herbal eye drops, Tangpo-san and Coptidis rhizoma can be used to cure Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis and if further study is performed, the use of herbal eye drops will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

The optimization of culture conditions for the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2 KCTC 18012P, was performed to increase its rhamnolipid production. The optimum level for carbon, nitrogen sources, temperature and pH, for rhamnolipid production in a flask, were identified as 25 g/L fish oil, 0.01% (w/v) urea, 25 and pH 7.0, respectively. Optimum conditions for batch culture, using a 7-L jar fermentor, were 200 rpm of agitation speed and a 2.0 L/min aeration rate. Under the optimum conditions, on fish oil for 216 h, the final cell and rhamnolipid concentrations were 5.3 g/L and 17.0 g/L respectively. Fed-batch fermentation, with different feeding conditions, was carried out in order to increase, cell growth and rhamnolipid production by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, BYK-2 KCTC 18012P. When 2.5 g of fish oil and 100 mL basal salts medium, containing 0.01 % (w/v) urea, were fed intermittently during the fermentation, the final cell and rhamnolipid concentrations at 264 h, were 6.1 and 22.7 g/L respectively. The fed-batch culture resulted in a 1.2-fold increase in the dry cell mass and a 1.3-fold increase in rhamnolipid production, compared to the production of the batch culture. The rhamnolipid production-substrate conversion factor (0.75 g/g) was higher than that of the batch culture (0.68 g/g).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.762-766
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• 2016

In this study, natural extract including Phellodendro namurense, Eucommia ulmides Oliv and Prunus padus were tested for antimicrobial activity and safety. Antimicrobial activity was measured by using opportunistic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. As safety test, cell viability test, single dose oral toxicity test, single dose inhalation toxicity test, repeat dose inhalation toxicity test and eye irritation test were done. From antimicrobial test, natural extract showed execellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli. From 5 kinds of safety tests, toxicity was not observed. From experimental results, natural extract including Phellodendro namurense, Eucommia ulmides Oliv and Prunus padus showed superb safety and antimicrobial effect.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Naphthalene-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZ6 isolated from contaminated soil can adhere to crystal naphthalene and produce extracellular polymeric substance. LB, YM and MSM medium were used as culture mediums to investigate the formation of biofilm. Biofilm was developed the most in LB medium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZ6. In the culture, strain CZ6 growth was rarely affected by naphthalene concentration. Optimal culture condition was $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 at 0.10% substrate and 150 rpm shaking. The effect of culture medium on naphthalene degradation in the two soil slurry system was evaluated. The initial degradation rate of naphthalene was highest in the MSM medium of soil slurry. However, the sorbed naphthalene was rapidly degraded at the LB medium when naphthalene availability in liquid was limited. The results of this study suggest that biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substance production increased bioavailability of soil sorbed naphthalene.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the apoptotic effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(PEA) in squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) 25 cells. Methods : Cell growth reduction and apoptosis induced by PEA were confirmed by WST-1 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot assay. Results : The PEA treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner: control; $100{\pm}0^e$(p<0.01), 0.1875 nM; $87{\pm}4.36^d$(p<0.01), 0.375 nM; $82{\pm}0.58^d$(p<0.01), 0.75 nM; $72{\pm}1.67^c$(p<0.01), 1.5 nM; $51{\pm}1.53^{bc}$(p<0.01), 7.5 nM; $31{\pm}1.20^{ab}$(p<0.01), 15 nM; $26{\pm}0.67^a$(p<0.01), control; $100{\pm}0^a$(p<0.05), 24 h; $51{\pm}1.53^b$(p<0.05), 48 h; $16{\pm}0.5^c$(p<0.05), 72 h; $12{\pm}1.67^d$%(p<0.05). The PEA was observed on SCC 25 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) value of 1.5 nM at 24 hours. The PEA treated SCC 25 cells demonstrated several types of apoptotic indications, such as nuclear condensation, the increase of sub G1, and the cleavage of PARP-1 and DFF 45. Conclusions : PEA showed anti-cancer activity against SCC 25 cells via apoptosis. PEA may potentially contribute to human oral cancer treatment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.536-539
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• 2013

In this study, mixed plant extracts including Phellodendro namurense and Eucommia ulmides Oliv were tested for antimicrobial activity and safety. Antimicrobial activity was measured by disc diffusion method using normal skin flora and opportunistic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. As safety test, single dose oral toxicity test, single dose inhalation toxicity test and repeat dose inhalation toxicity test were done. From antimicrobial test, plant extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, however, did not indicate any antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli. From 3 kinds of safety tests, toxicity of mixed plant extracts was not observed. From experimental results, mixed plant extracts including Phellodendro namurense and Eucommia ulmides Oliv showed good potential for natural antimicrobial agent.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2003

A 27 bp $tRNA^{Gly}$ region (att1) was identified as the integration site for a 12,384 bp Pfl-derived genomic island containing 15 open reading frames (ORFs) from PA0715 to PA0729 in P. aeruginosa strain PAOl. Homologous island was observed in P. aeruginosa strain PA14, but not in P. aeruginosa strain K (PAK). We isolated the Pfl island from PA14, and determined its 10,657 bp sequences containing 14 ORFs, with significant sequence variations near the borders. In contrast to the PAO1 Pfl island, the PA14 Pfl island was integrated at the 10 bp att2 site between PA1191 and PA1192. The attl site of PA14, however, was still occupied by a third genetic segment, whereas both attl and att2 sites of PAK remained unutilized. These results exemplify an extensive genomic variation of Pfl-related islands involving differential genetic organizations and differential att site utilizations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.37-41
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to establish RGP lens care system using RGP lens multi-purpose solution(MPS) and cleaner. Each RGP lens was incubated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strain, and the numbers of P. aeruginosa colony remaining after treatment by using MPS and/or cleaner including surface activating components were estimated. Soaking only in MPS for 30 min reduced the number of P. aeruginosa up to 50%. 95% of P. aeruginosa was eliminated at RGP lenses soaked in MPS for 4 hr, but P. aeruginosa was not detected at RGP lenses soaked for 6 hr. When only cleaner was used for RGP lens care, 70% of P. aeruginosa was eliminated. This result showed that using cleaner had more effective at removing P. aeruginosa than soaking in MPS for 30 min. When soaking in MPS for 30 min after using cleaner reduced the number of P. aeruginosa up to 36% of that which soaking only in MPS for 30 min. This result suggested that using cleaner could be helpful to improve the disinfection efficacy of short time soaking in MPS.