• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) Application, routing protocol is essential to ensure successful data transmission to all nodes. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Protocol is a reactive routing protocol that is mostly used in MANET applications. However, the protocol causes Route Request (RREQ) message flooding issue due to the broadcasting method at the route request stage to find a path to a particular destination, where the RREQ will be rebroadcast if no Request Response (RREP) message is received. A scalable neighbor-based routing (SNBR) protocol was then proposed to overcome the issue. In the SNBR protocol, the RREQ message is only rebroadcast if the number of neighbor nodes less than a certain fix number, known as drop factor. However, since a network always have a dynamic characteristic with a dynamic number of neighbor nodes, the fix drop factor in SNBR protocol could not provide an optimal flooding problem solution in a low dense network environment, where the RREQ message is continuously rebroadcast RREQ message until reach the fix drop factor. To overcome this problem, a new broadcasting method as Dynamic SNBR (DSNBR) is proposed, where the drop factor is determined based on current number of neighbor nodes. This method rebroadcast the extra RREQ messages based on the determined dynamic drop factor. The performance of the proposed DSNBR is evaluated using NS2 and compared with the performance of the existing protocol; AODV and SNBR. Simulation results show that the new routing protocol reduces the routing request overhead, energy consumption, MAC Collision and enhances end-to-end delay, network coverage ratio as a result of reducing the extra route request messages.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2020

WSN은 배터리와 같은 제한된 전원을 가진 센서 노드가 무선으로 구성된 네트워크이다. 센서 노드의 배터리가 모두 소모되면 해당 노드는 더는 동작하지 않으며, 일정 이상의 노드가 동작하지 않으면 네트워크는 제 역할을 하지 못하게 된다. 따라서 노드의 에너지 효율을 높여 에너지 소모를 최소화하면 네트워크의 수명을 증가시킬 수 있다. 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 프로토콜은 다양하게 있으며, 그중 클러스터 방식과 체인 방식의 프로토콜이 있다. 본 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크의 성능 향상을 위해 별도로 연구한 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능 평가를 검토하고자 한다. 비교 기준은 대표적인 계층 라우팅 프로토콜인 LEACH 프로토콜로 선택되었으며, 비교 대상은 CHEF와 FLCFP, LEACH-DFL 라우팅 프로토콜로 퍼지 로직과 함께 고려되었다. 본 논문에서는 성능 비교를 위한 다양한 기준이 제시되었으며, 각 프로토콜의 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 비교하였다. CHEF, FLCFP, LEACH-DFL의 성능 비교, LEACH, Puzzy Logic과의 프로토콜 등을 통해 다른 프로토콜의 성능을 비교하기 위한 기준점을 제시하고, 프로토콜의 성능 향상을 위한 추가적인 설계 방법을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권11C호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2001

동적 미니슬롯 예약 프로토콜(Dynamic Minislot Reservation Protocol)을 제안하고 그 성능을 이론적으로 해석하였다. 프로토콜을 해석하기 위한 통신망의 수조는 수동성형 결합기를 이용한 스타형으로 전용 제어 채널용 송,수신기와 데이터 전송용의 고정파장 송신기와 가변파장 수신기를 가진 구조를 사용하였다. 이 프로토콜에서는 현재 타임 슬롯에서 제어 채널에 등록되었으나 데이터 채널 충돌과 목적지 충돌에 의해서 전송에 실패한 패킷은 다음 타임 슬롯의 비경쟁 미니슬롯 영역에 우선적으로 등록됨으로서 다음 타임 슬롯에서 제어 채널 경쟁과 목적지 충돌 확률을 줄여주게 되고 시스템의 처리율과 시스템 지연시간이 개선된다. 오늘날과 같이 트래픽의 종류가 다양한 경우에는 모든 종류의 트래픽에 대하여 성능 감소를 줄일 수 있는 프로토콜이 필요하다. 그런 면에서 본 논문에서 제안한 동적 미니슬롯 예약 프로토콜은 트래픽의 종류와 관계없이 시스템의 처리율과 시스템 지연시간을 개선시키는데 매우 유용함을 보여주었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2003

BACnet is a standard data communication protocol for building automation and control systems. MS/TP is most widely used LAN protocol for data communication among field devices in the BACnet-based building automation. In this study, the performance of MS/TP protocol is investigated using a simulation model. This study evaluates the delay characteristics of MS/TP being used to deliver a BACnet application service. Analysis of the simulation results was used to identify the network parameters that influence the performance of BACnet application service and to develop recommendatioins that should be considered when designing and operating BACnet systems.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2003

In many automated systems, such as manufacturing systems and process plants, a fieldbus is a very important component for the exchange of various and sometimes crucial information. Some of the information has a tendency to rapidly lose its value as time elapses after its creation. Such information or data is called real-time data that includes sensor values and control commands. In order to deliver these data in time, the fieldbus network should be tailored to have short delay with respect to the individual time limit of various data. Fine-tuning the network for a given traffic requires the knowledge on the relationship between the protocol parameters such as timer values and the performance measure such as network delay. This paper presents a mathematical performance model to calculate communication delays of the Profibus-FMS network when the timer value and the traffic characteristics are given.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3B호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2000

Future microcellular systems will require distributed network control. A packet-switched network is suitable for this requirement. The packet reservation multiple access(PRMA) is a Reservation-ALOHA like protocol for wireless terminals to transmit packet speech to a base station. It allows spatially distributed users in cellular systems to transmit packeted voice and data to a common base station using a shared channel. In the existing PRMA, the problem is that the voice packets may collide with the data packets due to simultaneous channel access. the problem may be a major performance degradation factor to a voice and data mixed system. We propose a new PRMA method that integrates voice and data traffic efficiently by resolving the collision problem between data and voice packets. The proposed PRMA method gives a performance improvement than the existing PRAMA method in terms of voice packet dropping probability and data delay characteristic. From analytic results, we can confirm that the proposed PRMA method show a performance improvement than the existing PRMA protocol.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning that studies how an intelligent agent takes actions in a given environment to maximize the cumulative reward. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol based on the Q-learning technique of reinforcement learning to improve the performance of the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN CSMA/CA MAC protocol. Furthermore, the operation of each access point (AP) and station is proposed. The AP adjusts the value of the contention window (CW), which is the range for determining the backoff number of the station, according to the wireless traffic load. The station improves the performance by selecting an optimal backoff number with the lowest packet collision rate and the highest transmission success rate through Q-learning within the CW value transmitted from the AP. The result of the performance evaluation through computer simulations showed that the proposed scheme has a higher throughput than that of the existing CSMA/CA scheme.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2006

무선 네트워크의 물리계층에서 이용하는 무선 전송매체는 전송 범위내의 모든 이웃 노드들이 동시에 전송 신호를 수신할 수 있는 브로드캐스트 전파 특성을 갖는다. 기존의 비동기 무선 MAC 프로토콜들은 신뢰성 있는 브로드캐스트에 대한 구제적인 해결 방안을 고려하지 않고 있다. 무지향성 브로드캐스트가 과다한 채널 경쟁과 충돌을 발생시켜 네트워크의 성능 저하를 야기하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 링크계층에서 지향성 안테나를 이용하여 지향성 브로드캐스트를 지원하는 MDB(MAC protocol for Directional Broadcast) 프로토콜을 제안한다. MDB 프로토콜은 DAST(Directional Antennas Statement Table) 정보와 4-way 핸드셰이크에 의한 D-MACA(Directional Multiple Access Collision Avoidance) 구조를 기반으로 Hidden Terminal 문제와 Deafness 문제를 해결한다. 성능 평가를 위해 MDB 프로토콜과 기존의 IEEE 802.11 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) 프로토콜[9]와 참고문헌 [3]의 프로토콜 2를 비교대상으로 브로드캐스트로 인한 충돌 발생률과 브로드캐스트 완료율 관점에서 성능을 분석하였다. 성능 분석 결과는 네트워크 밀도가 높을수록 MDB 프로토콜이 기존의 프로토콜보다 높은 브로드캐스트 완료율과 낮은 충돌 발생률을 보였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2013

Magnetic treatment of surface vessels and submarines (Deperm) is required to camouflage them against magnetic detection from enemy marine force. So far, deperm has been accomplished by applying an alternating magnetic field of which amplitude decreases linearly. However, the reduction of the residual flux density in the direction of magnetic field is not linear in the case of the linear protocol, since the ferromagnetic material used to construct a surface vessel, mainly Fe-C, shows a nonlinear behavior in an alternating magnetic field. This is one of main reasons to make an ordinary deperm protocol inefficient. In this paper, we propose the exponential deperming protocol and compare the exponential protocol to conventional linear protocol within the framework of deperm performance. We found out that step number could be reduced in the exponential protocol compare with in the linear protocol, because the larger numbers of deperm steps are dedicated in the irreversible domain process region on the magnetic hysteresis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.778-798
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• 2014

This paper proposes a novel exposed-terminal-eliminated medium access control (ETE-MAC) protocol by combining channel reservation, collision avoidance and concurrent transmissions to improve multi-access performance of the multihop wireless networks. Based on the proposed slot scheduling scheme, each node senses the control channel (CCH) or the data channel (DCH) to accurately determine whether it can send or receive the corresponding packets without collisions. Slot reservation on the CCH can be simultaneously executed with data packet transmissions on the DCH. Therefore, it resolves the hidden-terminal type and the exposed-terminal type problems efficiently, and obtains more spatial reuse of channel resources. Concurrent packet transmissions without extra network overheads are maximized. An analytical model combining Markov model and M/G/1 queuing theory is proposed to analyze its performance. The performance comparison between analysis and simulation shows that the analytical model is highly accurate. Finally, simulation results show that, the proposed protocol obviously outperforms the link-directionality-based dual-channel MAC protocol (DCP) and WiFlex in terms of the network throughput and the average packet delay.