• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the expression of EGF-R protein on ICM obtained from mouse IVF/IVC blastocyst by immunosurgery and indirect immunofluorescence(IIF). ICM cells used for this experiment were obtained from immunosurgery of mouse blatstocysts produced at 96 h after IVF, and recovered ICMs were assayed for cell viability and expression of EGF-R. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: when blastocysts were exposed to rabbit anti-mouse serum (antiserum) for 15-30 min. and then transferred them to guinea pig serum (complement) for 15-60 min., recovery rates of isolated ICMs were 8.0-84.2%. Especially, the best recovery (84.2%) of ICMs was obtained when exposure time to antiserum and complement was 30 min. and 60 min., respectively. In addition, when viability of isolated ICMs after immunosurgery was assessed by live/dead staining method, in all groups viability (93.8-100.0%) of isolated ICMs were not damaged if separated from TE cell. Also, we detected the expression of EGF-R on ICM cell by IIF. Therefore, these results suggest that EGF-R expression on the ICMs can stimulate the higher usablity of exogenous EGF to improve the preimplantation embryo development in vitro.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2000

The objective was to determine the relationship between feed intake levels and patterns, and growth performance and body composition of barrows and gilts using automatic feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). This system records the time of visits to the feeder and the duration and size of meals for individual animals housed in groups. Ninety-six crossbred pigs were grown from $33.4{\pm}0.51$ to $109.7{\pm}1.39kg$ live weight over a 13-week period. Eight mixed-sex groups of 12 pigs were used and 4 dietary treatments were compared giving 2 pens per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets with differing protein levels which ranged from 14.7% to 19% between 30 to 55 kg, from 13.3% to 16.9% between 56 and 85 kg, and from 12.3% to 16.8% for the remainder of the study. Animals were ultrasonically scanned to measure loin-eye area and backfat thickness to estimate carcass fat-free lean content at the beginning and end of the study. Barrows had higher daily feed intake than gilts (2.67 vs. 2.46 kg resp. p<0.05) which was the result of a longer feeder occupation time per visit (4.77 vs. 4.54 min, resp. p<0.05), higher feed consumption rates (30.4 vs. 29.0 g/min, resp. p<0.05), and higher feed intakes per visit (136.9 vs. 126.8 g, resp. p<0.01). Gilts had less backfat and greater loin-eye area than barrows (p<0.05). Diet had no significant effect on growth performance and had limited impact on feeding patterns. Body weight showed high correlations with ADG (r=0.74), feed intake per visit (r=0.51) and feed consumption rate (r=0.69). Positive correlation were also found between daily feed intake and feed intake per visit (r=0.45), feeder occupation time per day (r=0.56), and feed consumption rate (r=0.55), and between daily feed intake and backfat thickness (r=0.32) and feed consumption rate and loin-eye area (r=0.32). There were negative correlations between number of feeder visit per day and daily feed intake (r=-0.54), and between feed intake per visit and number of feeder visits per day (r=-0.43). However, correlations between feed intake traits and carcass traits were generally low. Visits to the feeder were greatest during the morning (0700 to 1100 h) and lowest during the evening and nighttime. These results highlight limited variation among the sexes in feeding patterns and suggest important relationships between feeding behavior and feed intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.404-413
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• 2008

Major objectives were to evaluate effects of three schemes of bST-supplementation of Holstein cows (142.8 mg/14 d, POSILAC) during the prepartum and/or postpartum periods through 63 d (${\pm}3d$) of lactation. Measures evaluated the potential of treatments to improve body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), provoke changes in plasma concentrations of somatotropin (ST) and IGF-I, and improve milk yield, milk composition (percentages of protein and fat, and somatic cell counts), and several calving variables. Multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments (TRT) to give four groups (I = no bST, n = 26; II = bST postpartum, n = 25; III = bST prepartum, n = 27; IV = bST prepartum and postpartum, n = 25). During the prepartum period, cows in groups I and II were not supplemented but those in groups III and IV were supplemented every 2-wk beginning 21 d before expected calving date through calving. During the first 63 DIM only cows in groups II and IV were supplemented with bST. From 64 DIM through the end of lactation cows in all groups were supplemented with the full lactation dose of bST (500 mg/14 d). The BW and BCS were recorded weekly throughout the prepartum and postpartum periods and every 2-wk beyond 70 DIM. Blood samples were collected 3-times a week for analyses of ST and IGF-I. Milk yields were recorded daily though 150 DIM. Prepartum supplementation of bST did not affect BW or BCS, but mean concentrations of ST were increased 12.2% and were 15.5% greater at calving. Overall, mean concentration of IGF-I was not affected by treatment but concentrations were greater at 1 and 2 wk before calving in bST-supplemented cows. During the first 63 DIM the BW and BCS were not affected by treatment. Significant effects of bST-supplementation were detected on concentrations of ST, IGF-I and on milk yield compared to non-supplemented cows in group I. Postpartum concentrations of ST were greater in bST-supplemented cows (TRT II and IV; +41.9 and 54.6%). However, concentrations of IGF-I were greater only in cows in group IV (+25.9%) during the postpartum period. Overall, the three bST-supplemented groups had greater actual milk yield than the control group (I) during the first 63 and 150 DIM. The actual milk yields during 63 and 150 DIM were 6.5 and 4.6 kg/d greater for cows in group IV than cows in group I and the 305-d ME milk yield also was 15.6% greater. No adverse effects of TRT were observed on calf birth weight, colostrum immunoglobulins, ease of calving or other measures evaluated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7619-7625
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• 2015

Background: Aberrant microRNA expression has been associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of human malignancies including oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we examined primary oral SCCs for the expression of 6 candidate miRNAs, of which five (miR-34a, miR-143, miR-373, miR-380-5p, and miR-504) regulate the tumor suppressor TP53 and one (miR-99a) is involved in AKT/mTOR signaling. Materials and Methods: Tumor tissues (punch biopsies) were collected from 52 oral cancer patients and as a control, 8 independent adjacent normal tissue samples were also obtained. After RNA isolation, we assessed the mature miRNA levels of the 6 selected candidates against RNU44 and RNU48 as endogenous controls, using specific TaqMan miRNA assays. Results: miR-34a, miR-99a, miR-143 and miR-380-5p were significantly down-regulated in tumors compared to controls. Moreover, high levels of miR-34a were associated with alcohol consumption while those of miR-99a and miR-143 were associated with advanced tumor size. No significant difference was observed in the levels of miR-504 between the tumors and controls whereas miR-373 was below the detection level in all but two tumor samples. Conclusions: Low levels of miR-380-5p and miR-504 that directly target the 3'UTR of TP53 suggest that p53 may not be repressed by these two miRNAs in OSCC. On the other hand, low levels of miR-34a or miR-143 may relieve MDM4 and SIRT1 or MDM2 respectively, which will sequester p53 indicating an indirect mode of p53 suppression in oral tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7069-7077
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• 2014

Background: This retrospective study aimed to validate the safety and effectiveness of hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC between January 2006 and December 2012 were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups: huge HCC(${\geq}10cm$ in diameter), large HCC(${\geq}5$ but<10 cm in diameter) and small HCC(<5cm in diameter). Results: Characteristics of pre-operative patients in all three groups were homogeneously distributed except for alpha fetal protein (AFP)(p<0.001).The 30, 60, 90-day post-operative mortality rates were not different among the three groups (p=0.785, p=0.560, and p=0.549). Laboratory data at 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery also did not vary. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates in the huge and large HCC groups were lower than that of the small HCC group (OS: 32.5% vs 36.3% vs 71.2%, p=0.000; DFS: 20.0% vs 24.8% vs 40.7%, p=0.039), but there was no difference between the huge and large HCC groups (OS: 32.5% vs 36.3%, p=0.667; DFS: 20.0% vs 24.8%, p=0.540). In multivariate analysis, five independent poor prognostic factors that affected OS were significantly associated with worse survival (p<0.05), namely, AFP level, macrovascular invasion, Edmondsone Steiner grade, surgical margin and Ishak score. AFP level, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion, and surgical margin influenced disease-free survival independently (p<0.05). Conclusions: The safety of hepatectomy for huge HCC is similar to that for large and small HCC; and this approach for huge HCC may achieve similar long-term survival and disease-free survival as for large HCC.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar. The proximate composition, water holding capacity, Hunter's color values, texture, and sensory evaluations were examined in this study. The results are as follows. Among the proximate composition of the Seolgiddeok that was made of different ratio of Jujube powder and sugar, moisture content of the control group was 43.93%. As the amount ratio of Jujube powder increased, moisture content slightly increased, and content of crude protein and crude ash was higher. The water holding capacity of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar was lower as the amount ratio of Jujube powder increased. The L value, which is Hunter's color values of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar, was the highest in the control group. The a and b value was the lowest in the control group and became high as the amount ratio of the jujube powder increased. As amount ratio of jujube powder increased, the hardness, the springiness, the cohesiveness, the gumminess, and the chewiness, of Seolgiddeok became high, but adhesiveness became low. In a sensory evaluation of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar, the preference of texture, mouth-feel, and appearance was the highest in the control group. The preference of color, flavor and overall preference were the highest in Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder of 75.0g and sugar 57.6g.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Steroid hormone is known to cause the dynamic changes of mammalian uterus during reproductive cycle, which are modulated via hypothalamus-pituitary -gonad reproductive endocrine axis. Although there were so many studies about estrogenic regulation of uterine growth and differentiation. There is little information about the effect of estrogen on the expression of various transcription factors involved in gene expression. Thus the present study was designed to demonstrate E induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, hsp25 mRNA in rat uterus. Employing Northern blot analysis, we studied the temporal expressions of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) elicited by a single 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment in the uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized adult rats. c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels were increased and peaked at 3h after E administration, and then c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were rapidly decreased to basal control level while, increased hsp25 mRNA levels were sustained till 12h post E treatment. To test the estrogenic effect on the increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels, we also examined the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen). Pretreatment with tamoxifen effectively blocked the E-induced increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels at 3h post E treatment. Present results suggest that transient increase of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene mRNA at the early time and simultaneous expression of hsp25 mRNA contribute to the response of uterine tissues to E in adult female rats.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1971

This work was carried out to study the chemical properties, the activity of several enzymes, chemical components and the respiratory intensity of mite galls on the leaves of Lycium chinense MILL. caused by Eriophyes kuke KISHIDA. The activities of catalase and peroxidase were higher in the gall tissue, when compared to the healthy tissue, and were increased as tile gall developed. The activity of phosphorylase of the healthy tissue seemed to be higher than that of the large gall l tissue, considering the competitive inhibition of phosphomonoeoterase and $\beta-amylase$, The activities of invertase and $\beta-amylase$ were about two times higher in the large sail tissue than those of the healthy tissue. The content of the crude protein was $20\%$ higher in the small gall tissue than that of the healthy leave tissue, and decreased as the gall matured. On the other hand, the reducing sugar level was less in the small gall tissue than that of the healthy leaves, but as the gall grew, the content of reducing sugar of the gall tissue was increased. The contents of phosphorus and tannin were increased gradually as the gall matured, and their content showed about two times higher than those of the healthy. The matured gall tissue showed higher $QO_2$ than the healthy tissue. On the other hand, the matured gall tissue presented lower $QCO_2$ than the healthy tissue, and the RQ of the healthy tissue was higher than that of the gall tissue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, is one of the oldest herbal medicines. It has a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects. Recently, we isolated a subset of glycolipoproteins that we designated gintonin, and demonstrated that it induced transient change in intracellular calcium concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ in cells via G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway(s). The previous method for gintonin isolation included multiple steps using methanol, butanol, and other organic solvents. In the present study, we developed a much simple method for the preparation of gintonin from ginseng root using 80% ethanol extraction. The extracted fraction was designated edible gintonin. This method produced a high yield of gintonin (0.20%). The chemical characteristics of gintonin such as molecular weight and the composition of the extract product were almost identical as the gintonin prepared using the previous extraction regimen involving various organic solvents. We also examined the physiological effects of edible gintonin on endogenous $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel activity of Xenopus oocytes. The 50% effective dose was $1.03{\pm}0.3\;{\mu}g$/mL. Finally, since gintonin preparation through ethanol extraction is easily reproducible, gintonin could be commercially applied for ginseng-derived functional health food and/or drug following the confirmations of in vitro and in vivo physiological and pharmacological effects of gintonin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2002

To investigate the effects of Harvesting time and additives on the quality of peanut silage, the silage was mixed in combination with peanut leaf and stem, rice and barley straw, inoculant etc. Harvesting time at peanut growth stage was the best at 90 days after flowering with 30 branches,81 g of 100-seed weight, and 77% of shelling rate with low diseases in leaf and stem. By delay of harvest, diseases and lodging were increased. The yield of forage was the highest at 90 days after flowering as 52 t/ha, and seed yield was at 110 days as 3.72 t/ha. The yields between forage yield and seed yield ($r^2$=0.62$^{**}$) were correlated positively. The value of silage as a forage came over 90 days after flowering in combination with peanut leaf+stem+vice straw+inoculant treatment. The treatment was increased dry matter (DM) yield and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the coarse protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage in comparing with control (peanut leaf+stem). The pH at the organic matter contents of silage in combination of peanut leaf+stem+rice straw+lactic acid treatment was 5.04 to 5.10, the content of butyric and lactic acid were 3.12 to 4.64%, 2.07 to 7.34%, respectively.y.