• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.833-841
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop patties by substituting a portion of meat by bamboo (Sasa borealis) leaf extract (SBE) and/or cooked rice. Four types of patty were prepared: Control, S, SI, and SII. S was the patty for which 2.5% of meat was substituted with SBE. SI and SII were the patties with 25% or 50%, of meat, respectively, substituted with cooked rice containing SBE. The moisture contents of S, SI, and SII patties were not changed. The compositions of fat, cholesterol, and protein of S, SI, and SII patties were decreased. Cooking loss of weight as well as the diameters of S, SI, and SII patties were decreased. pH was increased in S patty, hardness was reduced in SI and SII patties, and malondialdehyde values were lowered in S, SI, and SII patties, compared to control. The S, SI, and SII patties were evaluated higher for color in sensory tests and preference tests. Through preference tests of burgers with these patties, the overall taste of the SI patty was assessed highly among the 4 patties. Therefore, it may be concluded that developing a patty by substituting a portion of meat with SBE and/or cooked rice may be worthwhile.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2009

Background: Anemia is quite common in lung cancer patients and known to decrease the quality of life. Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating protein approved for administration to cancer patients. This study examined the efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa in lung cancer patients with a hemoglobin concentration <10 g/dl during chemotherapy. Methods: Lung cancer patients (n=178) received darbepoetin alfa at doses of 1.91 ${\mu}g/kg$ per week until the hemoglobin concentration increased to >10 g/dl. The efficacy and safety were measured by comparing the hemoglobin concentration and assessing the adverse events. Results: After chemotherapy, the hemoglobin concentration decreased to 9.03${\pm}$0.64 g/dl. With the darbepoetin alfa treatment, the hemoglobin concentration increased to 10.09${\pm}$1.17 g/dl after 4 weeks reaching a peak hemoglobin concentration of 10.45${\pm}$1.18 g/dl. The changes in hemoglobin after 4 and 8 weeks with treatment were 1.08${\pm}$1.24 g/dl and 1.38${\pm}$1.59 g/dl (p<0.01). At least a 1 g/dl or more increase in hemoglobin was observed in 62.4% of patients. There were no serious adverse effects except for some mild reactions. Conclusion: Darbepoetin alfa administered to lung cancer patients appears to be an effective, well-tolerated treatment for chemotherapy induced anemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.767-774
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• 2015

In recent decades, health concerns related to sodium intake have caused an increased demand for salt or sodium-reduced foods. Umami substance can enhance taste sensitivity to NaCl and may offer a unique approach to replace and reduce the sodium content in foods. In this study, hot water extraction conditions of Wando sea tangle with high umami taste were investigated. Wando sea tangle harvested in June was selected for hot water extraction based on its free amino acids composition. The quality properties of sea tangle extract were investigated at various extraction temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$) and times (1 h, 2 h, and 3 h). Sea tangle extracts at the extraction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ contained the highest soluble solids (35.47%~36.93%), and crude protein (3.75%~4.00%). Viscosities of sea tangle extracts decreased with increasing extraction temperature. Umami amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) and sensory characteristics were best at extraction conditions of $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Saltiness enhancement of sea tangle extract powder was determined. Saltiness intensities of NaCl solution after adding 1% sea tangle extract powder were enhanced (1.84~4.25-fold). At the same saltiness intensity, sodium contents of NaCl solution with 1% sea tangle extract powder were 12.24~24.33% lower than that of NaCl solution. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce sodium in foods with sea tangle extract as a natural salt enhancer without lowering overall taste intensity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2012

Seed size has been considered as an effective criteria for selection of the most vigorous seeds in sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]. The smaller seeds were inferior to the larger sizes in emergence and grain yield. This study was conducted to determine germination rate, field emergence and vigor of sorghum for selection of high quality seed by different seed size. Sorghum cultivar of two (Hwanggeumchal and Tojong) were separated into five seed size proportion (<2.36, 2.80, 3.15, 3.35 and >3.55 mm diam.) according to seed size. The larger seed was more higher 1,000 seeds weight, seed density, carbohydrates and protein content. Total seed germination performing varied 92% at the largest size (>3.55 mm diam.) frequently inferior to slightly 67% at smaller seed (2.36 to 2.80 mm diam.) in the standard germination test. Seed size did have a significant effect on mean emergence time (MET) and maximum emergence rate index (ERI) and percentage of emergence. It should be noted that the results refer to MET of sorghum seeds ranging from 4.26 to 4.74 days. The relationship of seed size was not only to stand establishment but to grain yield. Yield was most affected by seed size and large seeds were superior to the smaller seed in 25~37% of the cases. Especially, yield was significant under 3.15 mm the beginning.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.655-666
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• 2005

This study was performed to measure physicochemical and textural characteristics, and shelf-life effect of low-fat functional sausages(LFFSs) manufactured with sodium lactate(SL, 3.3%), lac pigment and various molecular weights(MWs) of chitosan (Low=1.5 kDa, Med=30-50 kDa and High=200 kDa) during storage at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. LFFSs had 73.7-76.0% moisture, lower than 3% fat and 14-15% protein, respectively. pH values were 6.05-6.44 and the control(150 ppm, $NaNO_2$) was the lowest among LFFSs (p<0.05). Increasing storage time decreased pH values, but no differences in pH values were observed up to 6 days of storage (p>0.05). LFFSs containing SL and low MW of chitosan improved water holding capacity (WHC) and different from those with SL and medium-MW chitosan. WHC was decreased with increased storage time and differences of WHC were observed from 18 days of storage. The addition of chitosan reduced both lightness and redness values, as compared to 150 ppm sodium nitrite(SN), and increased storage time decreased yellowness(p<0.05), especially at 12 days of storage. LFFSs with SL and medium-MW chitosan increased most textural properties compared to the control(p<0.05). The addition of SN of 150 ppm in LFFSs retarded microbial growth for E. coli 0157:H7, while those with SL tended to have an antimicrobial effect for Listeria monocytogenes(LM). The growth rate of LM was delayed by addition of various MW of chitosans in LFFSs, especially high MW chitosan, as compared to LFFSs containing SL alone. These results indicated that the functional, textural and antimicrobial effects of LFFSs were improved by addition SL and various MW of chitosan combinations. In addition, 0.05% lac pigment improved the cure color of LFFSs similar to those of 150 ppm SN.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of feeding commercial formula feed and rice straw separately (control) versus a total mixed ration (TMR) on productivity of Hanwoo steers in late stage of fattening and on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibilities. Ruminal digesta from the cannulated cattle were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 hour after feeding. The steers fed TMR consumed 7.4kg per day and there was no difference between feeding systems. Daily weight gain was not significantly (P>0.05) between feeding systems, however, TMR group showed lower daily gain than control group. The amount of feed consumption per kg weight gain was higher in TMR group than control group (10.5kg and 9.7kg, respectively), resulting in a greater efficiency of feed utilization for gain. In the result of appearance rates of quality grade A were 33% higher for TMR group than those in control group. Appearance rates of grade 1 showed 56% and 75% when fed the control and TMR, respectively. Digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy for TMR treatment were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of control. Prior to feeding (0 h) and each subsequent hour, the TMR resulted in higher rumen pH (P<0.05) when compared with control ration. The concentration of NH3-N for TMR treatment maintained at higher level up to 8hr after feeding, especially increased up to 28.2mg/$d\ell$ during 1-2 hour which was two times (P<0.05) more than control. The amount of total VFA showed same trends between feeding systems. However, the ratios of branched chained fatty acid such as iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid for TMR treatment were significantly(P<0.01) higher than control for 3-5hr. Results showed that TMR in these trials is effective feeding system for fattening Hanwoo steers in the respect of ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility and productivities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 2006

The four rice(Oryza sativa L.) lines, previously demonstrated to have vigorous herbage production at the vegetative growth stage, were investigated for their growth traits, dry matter yield and feed value using the twice-cutting system that 1st-cut is harvested at panicle formation stage and 2nd-cut at the yellow ripen stage. The twice-cutting system is regarded as an effective method in the production of forage rice by escaping lodging and insect damages caused by the overgrowth and typhoon around the heading stage.The feed value of the twice-cut rice plant of there lines were compared with the control of normal, cutting at the yellow ripen stage. The relative feed value(RFV), the total digestible nutrient(TDN) and the crude protein(CP) content of the twice-cut straw were higher the control in every lines. However, the dry matter yield (DMY), represented by the summed forage production of 1st and 2nd cut-rice plant, were lower the control, and the DMY of straws were increase but grains were decrease for twice-cutting system. In addition, TDN yield showed the similar tendency with DMY.Recently, as one of the breeding aims the researches for improving the digestibility of rice straw have been required. In this regard, twice-cutting system is recognized with the fact that it has the effect which raises the digestibility of the straw. Especially, the 2nd cut of IR73111-B-R-15-3-1 line was similar to the control at the TDN yield of straw, and would be used as a breeding material for product the roughage of good quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.530-538
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• 2008

This study was performed to assess the effects of beverage consumption on nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements. Beverage intake and dietary intake were measured by a beverage frequency and quantity questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls in 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area. The number of drinking moments per month was 93.5 and drinking amount of all beverages was 626.6 mL per day. The amount of milk intake was 253.8 ml per day, which was the highest in all types of beverage consumption, followed by juice(133.6 mL), and carbonated beverage(77.7 mL). The amount of sweetened beverage which was defined as all beverages except milk and soy milk was 359.7 mL per day. Energy intakes from all kinds of beverages and sweetened beverages accounted for 20.3% and for 10.5% of the daily energy intake, respectively. The contributions of sweetened beverage intake to the daily energy intake in girls accounted for 13.5%, whereas in boys it was 7.7% and significantly lower. The number of drinking moments and the contribution of sweetened beverage intake to daily energy intake were negatively correlated with protein, vitamin A and niacin intake, respectively. The consumption of milk and soybean milk combined showed a significant negative correlation with the body fat ratio(%) and it also negatively correlated with waist-hip girth ratio(WHR). However, the sweetened beverage intake was not related any of the anthropometric measurement. In conclusion, consumption of the sweetened beverage dropped the nutritional quality of diet. However it was not related with anthropometric measurements in elementary students.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of single or mixed supplementation of bacterial and fungal phytase using 45-wk-old 450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens housed in individual cages for 12-wk period. The birds were reallocated to have similar egg productivity by examining the egg production for one wk before starting the experiment. Two sources of phytase, bacterial (BP) and fungal (FP), were used either in single or mixture to determine the effects of these phytase. Five dietary treatments consisted of control (BP 0, FP 0), T1 (BP 300, FP 0), T2 (BP 300, FP 300), T3 (BP 300, FP 3000), and T4 (BP 0, FP 3000). The DPU was used for phytase activity in this experiment. The nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) content of control was 0.30%, and those of phytase treatments were set to 60% of the Control. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The lighting schedule of 17L7D was employed. The egg production was not different between control and bacterial phytase treatments, but the T4 showed significantly low productivity compared to control (P<0.05). No difference was found in average egg weight among all treatments. The daily egg mass did not show any statistical differences among all treatments: however, it was significantly low in T4 compared to ther control during the latter half of the experiment (P<0.05). No significant difference was found among treatments in terms of feed intake, feed conversion and egg quality. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, and fat digestibility were similar regardless of the treatments. No significant trends were detected in Ca and P availability. In conclusion, the BP level of 300 DPU contributed to achieve 40% reduction of recommended nonphytate phosphorus addition. The synergistic effect of bacterial and fungal phytase was not confirmed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in introduced hairy vetch cultivars and developed new Korean Hairy vetch cultivars in two areas of the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science from 2005 to 2006. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. A total of 11 hairy vetch cultivars used in this study including 9 introduced cultivars (Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712, Minnie, Barlosa and Capello) and 2 Korean cultivars (Cold green and Cheong pa). The early flowering varieties of Minnie, Barlosa, Capello and Cold green were grown as early maturity cultivars, while the late flowering varieties of Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712 and Cheong pa were grown as medium and late maturity. The winter hardiness of hairy vetch was good except for Minnie, Barlosa and Capello of early maturity cultivars. In this study, dry matter yield of VV4712 was the highest of 11 hairy vetch cultivars. And dry matter yield of medium and late maturity vetch increased in the middle region while that of early maturity increased in the south. The new Korean cultivar, Cheong pa, as a medium and late maturity hairy vetch was not bad compared to introduced cultivars and Cold green as an early maturity hairy vetch was an excellent cultivar compared to introduced cultivars in both regions. Latigo in NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and Welta in ADF (acid detergent fiber) were lower than other cultivars, while Sander in IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) content were higher than other cultivars. The results of this experiment indicated that the productivity of hairy vetch cultivars was highest in VV4712, and Cheong pa and Cold green of new Korean cultivar were the promising cultivars of hairy vetch in Korea.