• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 2006

The four rice(Oryza sativa L.) lines, previously demonstrated to have vigorous herbage production at the vegetative growth stage, were investigated for their growth traits, dry matter yield and feed value using the twice-cutting system that 1st-cut is harvested at panicle formation stage and 2nd-cut at the yellow ripen stage. The twice-cutting system is regarded as an effective method in the production of forage rice by escaping lodging and insect damages caused by the overgrowth and typhoon around the heading stage.The feed value of the twice-cut rice plant of there lines were compared with the control of normal, cutting at the yellow ripen stage. The relative feed value(RFV), the total digestible nutrient(TDN) and the crude protein(CP) content of the twice-cut straw were higher the control in every lines. However, the dry matter yield (DMY), represented by the summed forage production of 1st and 2nd cut-rice plant, were lower the control, and the DMY of straws were increase but grains were decrease for twice-cutting system. In addition, TDN yield showed the similar tendency with DMY.Recently, as one of the breeding aims the researches for improving the digestibility of rice straw have been required. In this regard, twice-cutting system is recognized with the fact that it has the effect which raises the digestibility of the straw. Especially, the 2nd cut of IR73111-B-R-15-3-1 line was similar to the control at the TDN yield of straw, and would be used as a breeding material for product the roughage of good quality.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene polymorphism and in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryo development in the pigs. The single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) genotypes from HSP70 K1, K3 and K4 PCR products were detected different patterns. In cleavage rate of oocyte fertilized in vitro, HSP70 K1-AA genotype($73.1\%$) and K1-AB genotype($62.3\%$) showed significantly higher oocyte cleavage rate than HSP70 K1-BB genotype($49.3\%$)(p<0.05). And HSP70 K3-AA genotype ($72.4\%$) and K3-AB($62.2\%$) also showed significantly higher oocyte cleavage rate than HSP70 K3-BB genotype($49.1\%$)(p<0.05). The IVF embryo development of 2-cell stage according to HSP70 genotypes of sperm and pig breeds also showed a significant difference. The number of embryos developed to 2-cell stage in Landrace(28.8) and Duroc(29.8) were significantly higher than in Yorkshire(10.9)(p<0.05). And also HSP70 K4-AB genotype group(29.6) higher than HSP70 K4-AA genotype group(10.6)(p<0.05). However, the number of embryos developed to blastocyst stage did not showed significant differences among breeds as well as HSP70 genotypes. These resrults suggest that in vitro development in porcine early embryos may be affected by HSP70 genotypes and breeds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.412-416
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• 2011

Taste sensation plays a crucial role in selecting and ingesting foods with different qualities which convey information about their nutrient content and/or safety. Sweetness is one of the five modalities in humans and serves as an energy resource for metabolism. There are reports on allelic polymorphisms which influence perception of sweetness in mice and humans. Since the influence of genetic factors on taste disorder has not been studied, we investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms in TAS1R3 and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3 (GNAT3) genes and taste disorder. A total of 150 individuals composed of 50 patients with taste disorder and 100 healthy controls were recruited for the study and PCR-mediated directing sequencing method was used to genotype for two different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - rs307355 (T>C) and rs35744813 (T>C) in the TAS1R3 gene, and rs7792845 (T>C) and rs1524600 (C>T) in the the GNAT3 gene. The allele and genotype frequencies of rs307355 and rs35744813 in the TAS1R3 gene showed a significant association between patients with taste disorder (p=0.022 and p=0.013 in both of SNPs, respectively). In addition, the frequency of T-T haplotype in the TAS1R3 gene was higher in taste disorder cases than in the controls (OR, 1.93: 95%. CI, 1.09-3.39, p=0.022). In the GNAT3, the genotype frequency of rs7792845 in the patients was also different from the controls (p=0.048), but allele frequency was not significantly associated in either group. Our result provides the frequencies of SNPs and haplotypes of the TAS1R3 and GNAT3 genes for the fundamental information of nutrigenetics in perception of the taste of sweetness in the Korean population. Also, the study suggests that the allelic polymorphisms of TAS1R3 and GNAT3 genes may be useful as a molecular marker for evaluating patients with taste disorder. Further studies with large samples are required to clarify our observation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts (PFS) is a plant of the labiatae family. The purpose of this work was to assess the preventive effects of PFS ethanolic extracts (PFSEs) on cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage. Cytokines, which are released by the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the pancreatic islets, are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The combination of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1), interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of intracellular ROS led to ${\beta}$-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. PFSEs possess antioxidant activity and thus lead to downregulation of ROS generation. Cytokines decrease cell viability, stimulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and induce the production of nitric oxide (NO). PFSEs prevented cytokine-induced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with PFSE resulted in significant reduction in cytokine-induced NO production that correlated with reduced levels of the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, PFSE significantly decreased the activation of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) by inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation in RINm5F cells. In summary, our results suggest that the protective effects of PFSE might serve to counteract cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell destruction. Findings indicate that consumption of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts alleviates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.975-982
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• 2017

Health of human intestine has deteriorated due to excessive stress and western diet. In this study, Vigna angularis was fermented by Bacillus subtilis KCCM11965P in order to develop prebiotic resource for improving bowel movement. The contents of ash and crude protein were $3.35{\pm}0.04%$ and $21.1{\pm}0.19%$ respectively. Vigna angularis extract (1, 3, 5%) were incubated with 3% (v/v) Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11965P for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Total bacterial numbers showed that the combination of 3% powdered seeds and 72 h incubation time was optimum condition for this experiment. Total polyphenol content increased from $0.18{\pm}0.010mg/mL$ in pre-incubation to $0.23{\pm}0.007mg/mL$ in post-incubation with the condition mentioned above. DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased from $36.1{\pm}6.0%$ to $63.6{\pm}5.2%$. Analysis of protease activity showed $2.69{\pm}0.003unit/mL$ in combination of 5% powdered seeds and 72 h incubation time. Amylase activity increased from $1.0{\pm}0.1unit/mL$ in pre-incubation to $26.0{\pm}0.2unit/mL$ in post-incubation. The analysis of free amino acids after incubation with Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11965P showed that leucine increased from 5.22 mg/L to 67.59 mg/L and tyrosine, one of non-essential amino acid also increased 10.08 mg/L to 259.35 mg/L by incubation with 5% powdered seeds. Most of organic acid were reduced by incubation for 72 h. These results suggest that Vigna angularis could be utilized most as a prebiotic resources.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2010

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) has been used as important edible and medicinal natural resource in worldwide and D. alata L. is most popular nourishment among the yam. In this study the composition, color, antioxidation and antimicrobial activity of D. alata Gyeongbuk No. 6 (GB-6), which was established in Gyeongbuk Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Andong, Korea, was compared to those of D. batatas Gyeongbuk No. 1 (GB-1), a major domestic cultivation species. Water content of GB-6 was $78.02{\pm}0.16%$, which is slightly lower than that of GB-1 ($82.6{\pm}0.07%$). The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash of GB-6 were 0.95, 0.26, 0.85 and 0.70%, whereas those of GB-1 were 1.58, 0.15, 1.39 and 0.88%, respectively. Analysis of color using colormeter showed that the GB-6 is slight dark-yellow than GB-1, and total polyphenol content of GB-6 was 2-fold higher compared than that of GB-1. Sequential organic solvent fractions from methanol extract of GB-6 showed that the ethylacetate fraction has highest total polyphenol ($144.1{\pm}3.20\;mg/g$). Determination of antioxidation activity showed that the ethylacete fraction and water fraction has strong DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=78.32\;{\mu}g/mL$) and reducing power, respectively. In antimicrobial activity assay, the n-hexane and ethylacetate fraction showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, L.monocytogenes, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, and S. typhimurium. These results provide the possibility of domestic cultivated D. alata GB-6 as a healthy food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1164-1168
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• 2005

Korean traditional deer decoction (Nogjungtang), composed of oriental herbs and almost deer parts, has been used as an important resource for human health. For basic studying on Nogjungtang, this experiment was conducted to evaluate nutritional effects of Nogjungtang, and estimate its effect on growth, food efficiency, organ development and hematological indices in growing and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into three groups as follows; control: non-supplementation, Notiungtang I: recommended dose, and Nogjungtang II: thrice recommended dose. Nogjungtang was composed of various general nutrients with up 93$\%$ moisture.Crude protein is the highest value as 22.78$ \%$, Mg is a major mineral as 0.48$\%$ compared to other minerals, and methionine and proline are higher by 1.31 and 1.67$\%$ than other amino acids based on dry matter, re-spectively. In both growing and adult rats, there were no significant difference in body weight gain and feed intake between the control and Nogjungtang groups. Also, organs weights (liver, heart, kidney and stomach) and hematological indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Platelet) did not show statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. However, all of experimental rats were normal growth without hypertrophy or negative development of organs by Nogjungtang. Hematological indices maintained in normal value by thrice recommended dose of Nogjungtang. The average body weight of each treatment groups showed similar levels at end of experiment. In case of the feed efficiency ratio (feed intake/body gain), the growing rats showed 6.00, 5.81 and 5.99 and adult rats showed 9.03, 8.98 and 9.10 in control, Nogjungtang I and Nogjungtang II, respectively. In conclusion, although further investigation of Nogjungtang should be performed in the functions registered in many ancient literatures, Nogjungtang is physiologically safe and may have potential as candidate food for human health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.252-257
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• 2000

The physicochemical and pasting properties of amaranth starches isolated from five cultivars, Andy, Suvarna, Nu World, K266-1, K432, grown in Korea, were investigated. The shapes of starch granules were all polygonal and size was in the range $1.14{\sim}1.48\;{\mu}m$ for all five cultivars. X-ray diffractograms were shown typical A type diffraction patterns for all amaranth starches. The protein and crude lipid contents of starches were $0.13{\sim}0.23%$ and $0.01{\sim}0.05%$, respectively. The apparent amylose contents ranged from $2.79{\sim}4.35%$ and the water binding capacities were $128.05{\sim}135.80%$. The transmittances of 0.1% amaranth starch suspensions except K266-1 increased rapidly above $65^{\circ}C$, thereafter increased slowely. The initial pasting and peak temperature ranges of five cultivars by RVA were $71.3{\sim}73.7^{\circ}C$ and $81.5{\sim}84.0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The peak and cooling viscosities followed the order : Nu World>Andy>Suvarna>K432>>K266-1. Nu World was shown the highest peak (166), final (103) and cooling viscosities (30 RVU). K266-I exhibited the lowest setback (-38) of all five cultivars. Gelatinization (To) and peak temperature (Tp) of amaranth starches in DSC thermograms were $65.7{\sim}68.0^{\circ}C$ and $70.6{\sim}75.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enthalpies followed the order: K266-1

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Fruit wine from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(A. sessiliflorus) including many pharmacological components was manufactured and its functional properties were investigated. The fruit part of A. sessiliflorus contained 75.74${\pm}$0.49%(w/w) moisture, 12.51${\pm}$1.23%(w/w) crude protein, 4.20${\pm}$0.51.%(w/w) crude fat and 5.21${\pm}$1.64%(w/w) crude ash. Minerals of fruit were potassium(12.94${\pm}$0.08 mg/g), calcium(1.53${\pm}$0.06 mg/g) and magnesium(1.12${\pm}$0.05 mg/g). Initial soluble solid and fermentation temperature were 24-30$^{\circ}$Brix and 20${^{\circ}C}$ for manufacturing fruit wine from A. sessiliflorus. When initial soluble solid of a must was adjusted to more than 30$^{\circ}$Brix, ethanol production was suppressed slightly. The polyphenol content of the fruit wine fermented at 20${^{\circ}C}$(125.24${\pm}$1.86 mg/mL) was higher than those at 25${^{\circ}C}$(99.69${\pm}$2.11 mg/mL) and 30${^{\circ}C}$(95.55${\pm}$1.54 mg/mL). Electron donating activities of wines fermented at 20, 25 and 30${^{\circ}C}$ were 85.9${\pm}$2.3, 55.7${\pm}$2.5 and 55.2${\pm}$3.4%, respectively. The content of eleutheroside B increased up to 146.58${\pm}$4.10 $\mu$g/mL during fermentation. There was no significant effect of fermentation temperature on eleutheroside B content. The fruit part of A. sessiliflorus can be used as a valuable resource for development of nutraceutical foods.

• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens when a dietary supplementation of multienzymes was added to diets, containing different energy levels. A total of 480 broiler chickens of similar body weight (Ross 308, 1-day-old) were randomly subjected to four treatments. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with: multienzyme (amylase+protease+ mannanase+xylanase+phytase), 0.05% enzyme, and different energy levels (3010 and 3060 kcal/kg). The experimental diets were fed to the chicks in a mash form for 35 days in two phases (1-21 d, phase I; and 22-35 d, phase II). During the overall period, chicks fed with diets supplemented with multienzymes had a better weight gain (p<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed with diets without enzymes. There was no difference in the growth rate and FCR among the chicks fed with diets supplemented with enzymes, even though the dietary energy levels were different. The apparent fecal and ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly enhanced (p<0.05). The population of cecal and ileal Lactobacillus spp. was significantly increased (p<0.05), and Clostridium spp. and coliforms were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the small intestine was also significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. In conclusion, multienzyme supplementation had positive effects on the weight gain of broilers, FCR, digestibility of nutrients, and on the growth of intestinal microbiota.