• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.896-898
• /
• 1998

Recent development of the digital computer and communication technology has made the concept of the adaptive protection possible, which is to adapt the operating parameters of the protective devices to the system changes, so that the best protection function can be maintained all the time. In order to achieve the adaptive protection, it is necessary to have the way to determine whether the change of the settings is needed under the certain system change or how good the current protection level is. This paper proposed the protectability index, which is a way to evaluate the protection level of the system under arbitary conditions and the operating strategy of the adaptive protection utilizing this index. It is based on an hierachical evaluation model and the evidence combination rule of the Dempster-Shafer theory.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
• /
• pp.423-438
• /
• 1997

Today's building and fire prevention codes are mostly prescriptive. Prescriptive codes are based on major fires in earlier years that created a need for specific building provision. These codes provide a minimum level of safety. As the general and engineering uses of computers have increased over the years, so has use of computers in the fire protection engineering. This has allowed fire protection engineers to develop alternative approaches to solve today's fire protection problems or to evaluate the performance of a specific fire safety goal. A performance based approach to building and fire codes involves the following: 1) identifying specific goals, such as, safely getting out of the building in 10 minutes, 2) obtain conceptual approval from authorities, 3) define performance level, 4) develop design solutions and identify tools such as, fire tests, models, or methods, to demonstrate that a design will meet the fire protection objective 5) test solutions, 6) present test method and results to the authorities. Some people in the fire protection community consider this to be nothing more than an intellectual exercise, while the others view it as a way to reduce expenses on large project$^4$ Others in fire protection community view this as a way to refine the design process to design fire protection systems to better protect the fire hazards. This paper will focus on application of these tools, specifically computer fire models, to actual cases such as: design of a smoke control system heat transfer analysis and egress of building occupants during potential fires.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2005

The MPEG-4 standard is aimed to define an object based audiovisual coding standard to address the emerging needs from interactive broadcasting. Since a broadcasting program is created on the basis of its objects, it is considered that MPEG-4 is most suitable for interactive broadcasting contents production and it can be retrieved in terms of its properties. But, there is no system that protects the copyright of digital contents and manages copyright and possibility that contents producer and author's copyright receives infringement at process that exchange contents mutually rose very. Therefore, we need to control and distribute contents according to user's permission rights. In this paper, we present the authoring system based on MPEG-4 IPMP for copyright and protection of MPEG-4 contents. The main features of the proposed approach is to provide an MPEG-4 compliant IPMP authoring system in a plug-in type along with standardized interfaces, which is to be able to incorporated into an existing MPEG-4 content authoring system. In this way, it is capable of authoring content to the MP4 file format while accommodating protection and management of content in a unified way. Furthermore, it also allows a user to edit and/or author IPMP information in a more efficient way by offering form based user interfaces.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2003

23 cap beams on the 1 Km length jetty bridge in Shin-da power plant (Taipower co., Taiwan) utilize far-end telecontrol cathodic protection technology which is the first case ever used in Taiwan. The system comprises cathodic protection system and te1econtrol monitoring system. The control and monitoring such as protection current adjustment, protection potential and depolarization measurement of the 23 cap beams can be adjusted through system telecontrol operations. Thereby allows monitoring and control of the 23 anode zones in a convenient and cost effective way. This system is at present still in its best running condition since Sept. 1997 when it was completed. All the 23 cap beams can achieve the 100 mV depolarization potential criteria of protection. It meet the specifications of reinforced concrete cathodic protection standard and proved to be very excellent.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문발표회
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2003

Traditionally, the thickness of fire protection materials of structural elements such as beam and column have been decided by fire test using the predominant steel section of $H-300{\times}300{\times}10{\times}15$ for column and $H-400{\times}200{\times}8{\times}13$ for beam in Korea. But this way of determination of fire protection thickness yields very unduly results. Because the temperature-increment rate of structural steel elements depends mainly on magnitude of their cross-areas. In general, the thicker size of cross-areas for structural elements, the lower temperature shows up. It had already proved that the fire protection thickness only depends on the size of cross-areas and the fire protection method for three-fide or four-side exposed conditions in European countries, the United State of America and so on. To demonstrate there would be differences among various cross-areas for structural elements, we conducted several fire tests with full-scale specimens of beams and columns. For the determination of critical temperature for steel section when the fire resistant performance is needed to be decided, we conducted with a loaded fire test for beam and column, respectively. The small column in 1.0 meter length and beam in 1.5 meter length were used in order to deprive the rational fire protection thickness of structural elements such as beam and column, respectively. After test, we could obtain there were significant temperature lass between higher cross-areas and lower cross-areas. The critical temperature of steel as a criterion is used 538$^{\circ}C$ for column and 593$^{\circ}C$ for beam which is from ASTM E 119 because we don't make provisions as critical temperature by elements. We could consider that the best way of determination of fire protection thickness is using the following multi-regression equation which was deprived from several fire tests using the concept of section factor, FR(column) = 0.17 +5191.49t A/Hp + 40.77t, FR(beam) = 0.25 +6899.31t A/Hp + 32.60t(where, FR means fire resistant time, t means thickness, A means cross-area and Hp means heated parameter).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 학생간호사의 환자 개인정보 보호에 대한 지식과 인식을 조사하여 일반적 특성 중 교육관련 부분에 따른 환자 개인정보 보호행위의 인식 차이를 파악하는 것이다. 연구대상은 경북의 2개 대학의 간호학과에 재학 중인 3, 4학년 187명이며, 2015년 5월 18일부터 6월 12일까지 설문조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계와 t-test, one-way ANOVA 분석과정을 거쳤다. 연구결과, 학생간호사의 환자 개인정보 보호에 대한 지식은 평균 3.85점(10점 만점)이고, 보호행위에 대한 인식은 3.15점(4점 척도)이었다. 연구결과, 개인정보보호법을 들어본 경험이 있는 학생간호사가 없는 자보다 환자 개인정보 보호행위에 대한 인식점수가 높았으며, 이 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 또한 정보관련 교육 경험자가 받은 경험이 없는 자보다 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나, 환자 개인정보 보호행위에 대한 인식의 평균점수가 더 높았다. 이는 인식을 향상시키기 위해 교육경험이 효과적임을 나타낸다. 현재의 분석 결과처럼, 학생간호사들에게 환자 개인정보보호에 대한 윤리의식 강화를 포함한 정보보호 교육이 체계적으로 제공되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제2호
• /
• pp.161-191
• /
• 1999

Protection martial arts are neither the ability to protect oneself nor the exercise to increase the personal record. Their aim is to protect clients for the sake of their safety, Therefore, it needs special training course distinguished form general martial arts. Those who perform the duty of protection should make efforts to master every skill capable of meeting any situations in which unforeseen accidents may occur. So the coaches of protection martial arts should teach their disciples basic techniques by stages according to each martial art. They also should teach them systematically how to deal with each accidental affair on the ground of protection method. With teaching the way to cope with a crisis coaches might make the disciples feel real by presenting the real situation of different events to which protection arts can be applicable. And a mock exercise with a careful plan and enough practices as well as a mental training to all evaluate the anxiety which might be shown on duty could be helpful for educating elite personnel who will perform the duty of protection completely.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제64권3호
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 2015

Thermal relays are sometimes used instead of long time overcurrent relays for motor protection. But, it is difficult for any relay design engineer to adequately approximate motor heating curves which represent the average of a difficult-to-define thermal zone. Thermal relays frequently may not provide sufficient protection on heavy overloads. Digital multifunction relays are microprocessor-based devices. These relays offer highly reliable and advanced protection of motors. If a situation can be mathematically described, the microprocessor in a digital relay can be programmed to tackle that problem. Today's motor protection is accomplished with digital protective relays. Digital relays offer additional, highly important features to complement protection. The best way to prevent short in motor is to not overheat and degrade the insulation.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.5-7
• /
• 2022

KEPCO's plan is undergoing a trial operation to replace the open-loop section with ring main units configuration where underground distribution lines are installed, by linking the multi-way circuit breakers auto (MCA) on the power side of each pad-mounted transformer. However, ring main units application mentioned above may cause the ripple effects, when implementing the configuration without a study of protection coordination. Because ring main units with classical pre-set protection devices contribution in fault condition didn't consider yet. For the reliable ring main units operation, it is necessary to resolve several protection issues such as the protection coordination with substation side, prevention of the transformer inrush current. These issues can radically deteriorate the distribution system reliability Hence, it is essential to design proper protection coordination to reduce these types of problems. This paper presents a scheme of ring main units' configuration and MCA's settings of time-current curves to preserve the performance of protection coordination among the switchgears considering constraints, e.g. prevention of the ripple effects (on the branch section when a transformer failure occurs and the mainline when a branch line failure occurs). It was confirmed that the propagation of the failure for each interrupter segment could be minimized by applying the proposed TCC and the interrupter settings for the MCAs (branch, transformer). Further, it was verified that the undetected area of the distribution automation system (DAS) could be supplemented by having the MCA configurated ring main units operate first, instead of the internal protection equipment in the transformer such as the fuse, STP when a transformer failure occurs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.96-98
• /
• 2010

Medical use of radiation is increasing in recent times and its influence on the population creates almost the same amount of annual natural background radiation in industrialized countries in particular. Thus, medical radiation has become a social issue. This paper is a brief report on the status of medical exposure in Korea by way of consulting from the radiation-related medical societies in Korea.