• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.11
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• pp.902-910
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• 2013

The most representative research network in Korea, KREONET, has developed DynamicKL, an advance reservation based Network Service Agent (NSA) for user driven virtual circuit services. DynamicKL provides reservation, provisioning, release, termination, and inquiry web services for network resources by using an open standard network service interface (NSI), as well as web services for network resources by using a GUI interface. In addition, it has the RICE interface to support a protection management function per VC for virtual circuits and reservations. In this article, a protection management per VC for provisioned VCs and reservations is addressed in the DynamicKL framework, as a contribution to the VC protection management issue, which results in more manageable and reliable VC services compared to other advance reservation frameworks. An administrator can detect successful or unsuccessful VC protections in the event of a primary link failure and successful or unsuccessful VC retrievals after a primary link repair, by using RICE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.605-610
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• 1992

Improving intraoperative and postoperative myocardial protection and better construction and design of valvular prosthesis has reduced the mortality of MVR. But, ventricular rupture after MVR occurred occasionally and represented a potentially lethal complication. Transverse midventricular disruption presented as refractory myocardial failure immediately on termination of bypass or later often on initial period of good hemadynamics. From Jan., 1985 through Dec., 1991 131 MVRs were performed as isolated or combined procedures. Rupture of the posterior wall of left ventricle was observed in 2 patients. There were 2 type III ruptures Prevention is of utmost importance, and by taking certain precautions, the chance of ventricular rupture can be reduced. Repair should always be done by patch technique in the aid of the use of cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest. When the laceration is in the middle of the posterior left ventricle, external repair with the pericardial patch can be attempted first.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.383-393
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• 2015

Recently, the number of companies consigning their personal information management work has been increasing; they consign the work for various reasons and purposes, for example, in order to reduce costs related to personal information managers, improve efficiency through professional performance and to improve service quality. As such, since the cases where an consigning agency - not the personal information manager - handles personal information are increasing due to the increase of consigning of the personal information management work, we need to concerned with and pay attention to how much such agency makes efforts for personal information protection. In this regard, this study suggests a plan for efficient management of the agency during the course of consigning work as well as a list of requirements for personal information protection to be considered in each phase of the following; establishment of personal information protection framework for all consigning work processes, selection of consigning agency, execution of consigning contract, operation and management of consigning work, and termination of contract.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.502-506
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• 2000

Background: Anticoagulant therapy can be required during pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves. Warfarin and heparin provide real protection against thromboembolic phenomena, but they also carry serious risks for the fetus and the mother. In an attempt to identify the best treatment for pregnant women with cardiac valve prostheses who are receiving anticoagulant, we studied 19 pregnancies, the warfarin was discontinued and heparin was administered every 12 hours by subcutaneous injection in doses adjusted to keep the midinterval aPTT in the therapeutic range(at least 2-2.5 control) from the conception to the 12th week of gestation and oral antiocagulant was then administered until the middle of the third trimester in the therapeutic range(at least 2 INR), and heparin therapy was restared until delivery. Also in order to avoid an anticoagulant effect during delivery, it has been our practice to instruct women to either discontinue their heparin injections with the onset of labur or to stop heparin injections 12 hours prior to the elective induction of labour. Result: The outcome of 19 pregnancies managed with above protocol was spontaneous abortion in 3 cases, voluntary termination in 2 cases, premature delivery at 35 weeks in 1 case and delivery at full-term in 14 cases. There was no maternal morbidity and moratality and fetopathy. Conclusion: We conclude that in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, warfarin provide effective protection against thromboembolism, Oral antiocagulant therapy should be avoided in 2 weeks before delivery because of the risk of serious perinatal bleeding caused by the trauma of delivery to the anticoagulated fetus. However, the substitution of heparin at first trimester and 2 weeks before delivery reduce the incidence of complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.867-878
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• 1994

A general overview of the lipid peroxidation and its nutritional significance are presented ,with emphasis on the reaction mechaisms, peroxidized products, further interaction and nutritional/biological deterioration in a series of oxidative process. Overall mechanism with various factors and elements for initiation , propagation and termination of free radical reaction is reviewed and the primary /secondary products of peroxidized lipids are defined. Since these products are potentially reactive substances that can cause deterioration of proteins /amino acids and vitamins (carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid etc), mechanism and actual damages of their deterioration in some foods and biological models are outlined. Especially , chemical changes caused by interaction of peroxidized products (related hydroperoxides, radicals and malonaldehye etc) and protein are emphasized here. And also, the detailed mechanisms on radical scavenging of the these vitamins which are the most prominent natural antioxidants are presented . Additionally , the possible roles of peroxidicaed lipids and their secondary products in the process of aging an carcinogenesis are briefly discussed . However, it is important to not that more detailed and integrated studies on the reaction kinetics, energetics of peroxidation, their decomposed products , biochemical interaction potential damaging/aging / carcinogenic effects, protection from their oxidative spoilage and novel antioxidants in food and heterogeneous biological systems will be essential in order to assessing the implication of lipid peroxidation to human nutrition and health.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2004

Investigation of the expression of the riboflavin (rib) genes, which are found immediately downstream of luxG in the lux operon in Photobacterium phosphoreum, provides more information relevant to the evolution of bioluminescence, as well as to the regulation of supply of flavin substrate for bacterial bioluminescence reactions. In order to answer the question of whether or not the transcriptions of lux and rib genes are integrated, a transcriptional termination assay was performed with P. phoxphoreum DNA, containing the possible stem-loop structures, located in the intergenic region of luxF and luxE ($\Omega$$\_$A/), of luxG and ribE ($\Omega$$\_$B/), and downstream of ribA ($\Omega$$\_$c/). The expression of the CAT (Chloram-phenicol Acetyl Transferase) reporter gene was remarkably decreased upon the insertion of the stem-loop structure ($\Omega$$\_$c/) into the strong lux promoter and the reporter gene. However, the insertion of the structure ($\Omega$$\_$B/) into the intergenic region of the lux and the rib genes caused no significant change in expression from the CAT gene. In addition, the single stranded DNA in the same region was protected by the P. phosphoreum mRNA from the Sl nuclease protection assay. These results suggest that lux genes and rib genes are part of the same operon in P. phosphoreum.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.101-107
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating liver protection mechanism of Cultivated Ginseng and Cultivated Wild Ginseng of Korean and Chinese by inducing liver toxicity through $CCl_4$ and t-BHP in mice and evaluated serological findings. Methods : Experiment groups was categorized into untreated normal group, treated control group, and orally administered Cultivated Ginseng and Cultivated Wild Ginseng of Korean and Chinese experimental groups. At the termination of experiment, gross examination of the liver as well as Total bilirubin, AST, and ALT contents in the serum were evaluated. Results : 1. In the $CCl_4$ induced acute hepatotoxicity test, total bilirubin, AST and ALT didn't show significant differences between the control and experimental groups. 2. In the t-BHP induced acute hepatotoxicity test, total bilirubin, AST and ALT didn't show significant differences between the control and experimental groups. Conclusion : Taken together, Cultivated Ginseng and Cultivated Wild Ginseng of Korean and Chinese cannot be effectively used for recovering the liver functions in acute hepatotoxicity tests using $CCl_4$ and t-BHP. Further researches, for example treated long period, must be tried to verify the efficacies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on left ventricular function after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart.Ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size caused by sustained ischemia. However, the effects of preconditioning on post ischemic cardiac function are not well-known. The objective of the present study was to determine whether preconditioning would improve the recovery of left ventricular functions after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart model.Isolated rat hearts were allowed to equilibrate for 20 minutes and were then subjected to either 5 minutes of global, normothermic transient ischemia [Group 2 and 4] or not [Group 3]. A stabilization period of perfusion lasting 5 minutes after the termination of transient ischemia was followed by a standard global, normothermic 20 minute-ischemia and 35-minute reperfusion challenge [Group 3 and 4]. These following results were odtained.1. The recovery of left ventricular developed pressures showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.3] and 85 minute [P>0.2].2. Heart rates showed no significant differences throughout all the course of experiment and between groups [P>0.5].3. The recovery of left ventricular maximum dP/dt showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.1] and 85 minute [P>0.2].4. The recovery of pressure-rate products showed no significant differences between Group3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.5] and 85 minute [P>0.1].These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning does not provide significant benefit for the postischemic left ventricular functions in isolated rat hearts.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.81-112
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• 2013

This article intends to examine main features of revision in relation to the duration of cover in the Institute Cargo Clauses 2009 and the results of analysis are as followings. First, the cover, which had been "warehouse to warehouse", has been extended to what may be called "shelf to unloading". Thus the insurance attaches when the goods are first moved within the warehouse or place of storage at the named place for the purpose of immediate loading for the commencement of transit. Secondly, the new termination Clause 8.1.3 requires an election by the assured, or their employees, to use a vehicle or container, for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit. Thirdly, Clause 10.1, which deals with the assured's voluntary change of voyage, was amended to solve the problem that the words "held covered" could be misunderstood by an assured without specialist knowledge of English marine insurance law to be a guarantee of cover, even where cover would not be commercially available. Finally, Clause 10.2 is designed to solve the so-called "phantom ship problem", arising from the harsh decision in The Prestrioka. The new Clause 10.2 provides protection for an innocent assured in the situation of a phantom ship.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

Variations in the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle have been reported in current scientific literature. The carotid arteries, being the major feeding arteries of the head and neck deserve special importance and protection from iatrogenic injury during radiological evaluations and surgical interventions. The present study was carried out over a period of 4 years from 2012-2016 to assess the variant anatomy of external carotid artery. The external carotid artery and its branches were dissected bilaterally in 40 formalin embalmed cadavers. The external carotid artery was traced from its origin to termination and variations in the branching pattern as well as the level of the carotid bifurcation were observed and analysed. A higher carotid bifurcation was observed in 25% cases. The linguofacial trunk was the commonest variation noted in the branching pattern seen in 20% cases. A single case of unilateral thyrolinguofacial trunk was also observed. The external carotid artery gave rise to accessory branches in 7.5% cases namely the superior laryngeal, accessory ascending pharyngeal and masseteric branches. A slender branch to the internal jugular vein was also observed in one case. These findings may provide further insight into the understanding of the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle to the curious student, the discerning radiologist and the vigilant surgeon to avert complications and help improve overall treatment outcome.