• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-394
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of the Hongcheon-gun area in Gangwon Province. The vascular plants were collected 13 times(from April 2008 to May 2009), and 1,055 taxa in total were identified, including 43 orders, 118 families, 443 genera, 903 species, 6 subspecies, 125 varieties, 18 form and 3 hybrids. Among them, 37 taxa of Korean endemic plants and the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 35 taxa. Based on the list of plants which have been approved for overseas delivery, 61 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as four taxa and 224 taxa of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were identified as 45 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 4.3%, and 16.1% respectively. 1,055 taxa listed consists of 359 taxa(34%) of edible plants, 293 taxa(27.7%) of medicinal plants, 166 taxa(15.7%) of pasture plants, 143 taxa(13.5%) of ornamental plants, 41 taxa(3.9%) of timber plants, 25 taxa(2.3%) of fiber plants and 3 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.115-136
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• 2011

In the past, Chinese arbitral system and Chinese arbitral associations were avoided by international society due to the cases which Chinese court rejected the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards based on rural protection. Especially Chinese court adjudicated to reject the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards by interpreting public policy broadly. The abuse of public policy by court threats the existence of commercial arbitration system. Under this awareness, the author figured out Chinese court shows what kind of attitude about public policy of Chinese court in the present through analyzing the cases about rejection of enforcement in Chinese arbitral awards in order to analyze whether Chinese court still maintain the negative attitude like past or there exist changes with public policy which is one of the rejection reasons of recognition and enforcement in foreign arbitral awards as the central figure. Chinese court behaved in an uncooperative attitude about arbitral awards like that it reached a verdict to reject the enforcement of arbitral awards by reason of violation in public policy about several foreign arbitral awards at the beginning stage of establishing arbitration law. However, the situation of abuse in public policy was improved a lot by Chinese prime court which enforces pre-inspection system about judgment of rejection of enforcement in arbitral awards. So, there is no case about rejecting the approval and enforcement of arbitral awards by reason of violation in public policy by Chinese court except Yongning Co. case. Moreover, Chinese court got the trust and support from other countries through reinforcement of applied standard. However, Chinese court had been expressed concern from international society because they highly applied public policy and rejected to enforce arbitral awards in the recent case of Yongning Co.. Therefore, this study examined whether it is appropriate to apply public policy of Chinese court in the case of Yongning Co., and then I concluded that. Although Yongning Co. case is the first case which Chinese prime court agrees with public policy by reason of rejection of approval and enforcement in foreign arbitral awards, in my opinion, it doesn't mean that Chinese court has fundamental change in basic attitude and position about the approval and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Chinese court keeps the cautious uses of public policy in legal judgment of foreign arbitral awards and it looks like implementing the obligation in regulation of New York Convention sincerely.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

According to the urban gas business law, electrical corrosion prevention measures shall be installed to the buried gas pipelines and the pipe-to-soil potentials should be measured at the test box at least once a year. Most of the test boxes installed in urban area are usually located on the road where the vehicle travels, therefore, it is difficult to measure the CP potentials at the test boxes. That is, we need traffic control when carrying out the measurement of the CP potentials on daytime when the traffic is heavy, or we have to measure the potentials in the late night when the traffic is light. To solve these difficulties, we have studied remotely CP potential measuring method by using the patrol car. We have installed solid reference electrodes and data loggers under the test boxes on the site and received the CP potentials from the data loggers when the vehicle moves. It was difficult to send and receive the data because the data logger was located under the ground. We have applied 3 different method including 2 antenna systems to achieve best effective way in receiving the data. We have found the remote CP measuring method by using a car can save more 20 times of measuring time than conventional measuring methods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.481-504
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Biseul. The vascular plants collected 10 times(from May 2006 to October 2007) were identified as 468 taxa in total, including 89 families, 302 genera, 397 species, 1 subspecies, 59 varieties and 11 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were identified as 17 taxa including Thalictrum uchiyamai, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides, Lonicera subsessilis, etc.; the Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as one taxon including Aconitum austrokoreense; the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 6 taxa including Viola albida, Lloydia triflora, Streptopus ovalis, etc.; the naturalized plants were identified as 34 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 7.3%, and 12.2% respectively. This study newly identified about 160 taxa of the plants, among which 17 taxa were newly added to the list of naturalized plants, such as Phytolacca americana, Dicentra spectabilis, Lepidium apetalum, Medicago lupulina, Euphorbia supina, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cosmos bipinnatus, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga ciliata, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sonchus oleraceus, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Chloris virgata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Tradescantia reflexa, etc. There existed many kinds of plants resources having conservational value like Aconitum austrokoreense etc. in this area, but there remains a fear of nature destruction's acceleration due to indiscriminate human development and access of a lot of visitors, so it is judged that there should be a management plan, such as a limit on the number of visitors or rest-year-system for restoration of nature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2008

A worldwide trend of permitting system for industrial installation to achieve a high level of protection of the environment has been moved from single media to multimedia in approach. The Council of the European Community issued the Directive 96/61/EC, the IPPC Directive, concerning integrated pollution prevention and control in 1996. The IPPC Directive is one of the most ambitious legal measures that the European Union (EU) has initiated with a view to applying the prevention principle for industrial activities. The IPPC aims to achieve the integrated prevention and reduction of environmental pollution emitted by those industrial installations with a higher potential of emissions to the environment. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recommended on Environmental Performance Reviews of Korea in 2006 that IPPC permitting concept should be considered for large stationary sources at the national and regional levels. Any Korean law doesn't provide for integrated pollution control with a single process covering all pollution from economic activities. However, one exception might be the "environmentally-friendly companies" certification scheme, introduced in 1995, in which participants agree to meet targets beyond the legal emission limit values in exchange for government technical and financial support to operate environmental management systems. The other exception might be Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects, in 1977, which has been strengthened and reinforced to be more preventive through development of the prior environmental review system (PERS) in 1999. The aim of this work is to introduce the contents of IPPC Directive at the viewpoint of Korea policy and to survey the integrated approaching concept of Environmentally-Friendly Companies (EFC) Certification Scheme and EIA policy of Korea. The study will be helpful in the future to prepare the infrastructure of integrated permitting system and to enforce the integrated permit which the authorities of local government issues on industrial activities. It can be said that the data calculated through both EFC Certification Scheme and EIA will be discussed as worthful information to determine Korean BAT reference notes for integrated permitting process.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2001

The Section 12 of Groundwater Law stipulates that groundwater conservation zone should be regulated by the designation of conservation area and development restricted area, The most important policy for groundwater conservation and protection is to estimate and designate groundwater conservation zone. The groundwater classification map is utilized to determine the prime groundwater conservation areas, which delineate the first and the second ranked conservation areas of the map. According to the classification method of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation in 2000, groundwater quality for groundwater classification is classified with 4 levels based on the following conditions : (1) the present groundwater quality; (2) the potential usage as drinking water at present and in the future; (3) hydrogeological characteristics, and (4) the existence of pollution sources and activities. Throughout the initial analysis, the groundwater conservation areas are represented about 57.1$\textrm{km}^2$ in the groundwater classification map, which is 9.4% of Seoul Metropolitan Area. The management guidelines for groundwater conservation area are also developed referring to Cheju Province Groundwater Conservation Management Project and the guidelines by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. But the specific administration and detailed technical survey should be prepared to efficiently manage the groundwater conservation area.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.106-124
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• 1996

This paper reviews battering, sexual violence and divorce experienced among women. There three problems have negative influence on health status in women and are further developed to social problems such as family dissolution. The victims of the problems may manifest physical injury, emotional difficulties and social withdrawl, while their children may show problems caused by lack of parental caring and by resembling abusive behaviors of their parents. Hence, nurses need to pay attention to batting, sexual violence, and divorce and to develop relevant nursing interventions for them. Some strategies of dealing with those problems are presented in the following. First, we have to eliminate sexism prevailing in out society. Our society is assigning inequal and asymmetrical gender role. Mass media should inspire equality between genders and show a healthy model of family and community. Second, social system and laws should be changed through collective efforts. Those living conditions of women cannot be changed by the effort of women themselves only. We all need to work for establishing and changing the law, so that those women in suffering can obtain immediate and adequate protection. Third, social support system of consulting and referring women's problems should be established. Such support system as hot line, shelter and counseling clinics would help women in crisis. Fourth, job training and arrangement should be available to women who are divorced. Fifth, there should be self-help group for those women in suffering. Self-help group would help those women in sharing their problems and feelings and in establishing coping strategies. Nurses, as the largest group among health professionals, are sensitive and respond to health needs of clients and have an effect on managing women's health. However, we nurses have not been ready for dealing with problems of women, although most of us are women. we not need to change our perspective of women's health problems from a traditional medical perspective to feministic one. Accordingly, nurses need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering and to assist them in making decisions for their lives by themselves.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.533-537
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• 2011

The revision of the criminal procedure act in 2008 marked a great turnaround in the criminal trial system in our country, and the criminal trial system has been based on the trial priority principle from then on. People in general have been entitled to participate in criminal trials, which can be called the jury system, and their awareness of the law has consequently been taken to another level. And the principle of trial by evidence that requires fair process, explanation and scientific evidence is realized in a manner to be appropriate at people(jury)'s level. The prosecution was introduced a video recording system to ensure the efficiency of scientific criminal investigation and assisted every prosecutor's office across the nation to hire computer-added stenographers to back up the documentation of statements during video recording. The purpose of this study was to examine the Korean and foreign computer-added stenography systems and the prospect of computer-added stenography of the video recording system that has been utilized to make a scientific investigation. The effort by this study to look into the roles and prospect of computer-added stenography in the video recording system that has been introduced to improve the efficiency of scientific investigation, which the prosecution pursues, is expected to expedite the advancement of criminal investigation, to guarantee the protection of human rights and to shed new light on the importance and status of computer-added stenography in the trial priority principle.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.47-70
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• 2007

The criminal procedure is based upon two ideal values, or 'speedy trial and economy of litigation' and 'finding truth and guarantee of human rights', which are conflicting each other. The so called summary trial system, a simplified procedure through which a judge handles clearly obvious and minor offences in a quick and efficient manner, has its essential purpose of termination lawsuits promptly and freeing suspects or defendants from criminal procedure at the earliest possible moment. But its excessive emphasis on this purport is very likely to result in insufficient examination and inadequate protection of suspects' or defendants' rights. Therefore, the summary trial system needs a variety of safeguards to prevent these feasible - but undesirable - effects. From this point of view, we should objectively review the current summary trial system. The main object of this study is to investigate what problems the system has both in institution and in practice, and to suggest legal measures, including the abolition of it, to improve the simplified procedure. In conclusion, the summary trial system should be maintained because it has still more merits than faults. And these defects will be able to be overcome by reform measures ; for example, the introduction of the right to opt between the summary procedure and the formal trial, the abolition of detention and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.734-741
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• 2011

The beginning that the 'Obstruction of Justice' in the United States is commonly known to Korea is through the impeachment of former president W. J. Clinton in 1998. The 'Obstruction of Justice' in the federal law of the United States is comprehensively provided with a general and a particular rule laying emphasis on the obstruction of legal judiciary proceedings. But, according to the Korean Criminal Act and court decisions, there are no such system like the 'Obstruction of Justice' in the United States. In this result, in terms of the criminal-judicial system, some cases even telling a lies has more benefits than revealing the truth and it is discouraged to cooperate the achievement of judicial justice, which make difficulties in investigation and realizing real truth. For this reason, the Ministry of Justice in Korea makes efforts to introduce the 'Obstruction of Justice'. Nevertheless we should examine from all angles that the introduction of 'Obstruction of Justice' is indeed the alternative in our circumstances. Most of the discussions on the introduction of 'Obstruction of Justice' and also the revised bill of the Ministry of Justice are questions of 'False Statement of Suspect and Witness' for investigation of investigative agency, rather than for the introduction of a general rule on the 'Obstruction of Justice'. The introduction of 'False Statement of Suspect and Witness' for investigation of investigative agency needs to consider concern about human rights infringement and witness protection system should be reinforced in the first place. In other words, the introduction of 'False Statement of Suspect and Witness' for investigation process of investigative agency is undesirable now.