• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제47호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to research the correlation between frequency and the deletion of /w, (equation omitted)/ in Korean. For this purpose, I select 11 words from the frequency data, then, analyze the speech of 20 speakers of standard Korean. As a result, I can find that there is correlation between the frequency and the deletion rate of segment. The rate of deletion is higher in high frequency words, while the rate of realization is higher in low frequency words. Although there is correlation between the frequency and the deletion rate of segment, the feature of segment, prosodic environments are more important in segment deletion.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

This study investigated speech rate and intonation slope (least square method; F0, quarter-tone) in normal and CI children's utterances. Each group consisted of 12 people and were divided into groups of children with CI operation (before 3;00), children with CI operation (after 3;00), and normal children. Materials are composed of four kinds of grammatical dialogue sentences which are lacking in respect. Given three groups as independent variables and both speech rate and intonation slope as dependent variables, a one-way ANOVA showed that normal children had faster speech rates and steeper intonation slopes than those of the CI group. More specifically, there was a statistically significant speech rate difference between normal and CI children in all of the sentential patterns but imperative form (p<.01). Additionally, F0 and qtone slope observed in sentential final word showed a significant statistical difference between normal and CI children in imperative form (f0: p<.01; q-tone: p<.05).

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to see in terms of $F_{0}$ variation in Japanese how discourse focus and the lexical word accent interact with each other in realizing overall intonation patterns. Discourse focus causes prosodic restructuring of phrase structures and, as a result, largely affects pitch contours, whereas the lexical word accent is said to delimit the $F_{0}$ into a certain range. Measurement of $F_{0}$ was made of utterances of Japanese sentences to observe behavior of pitch contours with varied focus assignment and lexical accent specifications. The utterances were obtained in question-answer discourse contexts so that in a sentence, either one NP was always focused or no focus was assigned. I set four points for $F_{0}$ measurement; $F_{1s},F_{1m}, F_{2s}$, and $F_{2m}$, two for each noun phrase corresponding to $F_{0}$ at the beginning of the first syllable and that of the vocalic portion of the second syllable in the two NP's. The results of present study were as follows: (1) for all combination of lexical accent types, the $F_{0}$ rise both in NP1 and NP2 are higher when focused than when not focused. (2) NP2 starts a new accentual phrase when focused, showing even higher $F_{0}$ than NP1, the latter of which implies that in forming a new accentual phrase by focusing, catathesis does not seem to take effect on NP2 preceded by accented NP1. (3) unfocused NP2 preceded by unaccented NP1 has higher $F_{0}$ than those preceded by accented NP1.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

This study aims to see some prosodic features of English spoken by Japanese learners of English. It focuses on speech rates, pauses, and intonation when the learners read an English passage. Three Japanese learners of English, who are all male university students, were asked to read the speech material, an English passage of 110 word length, at their normal reading speed. Then a native speaker of English, a male American English teacher. was asked to read the same passage. The Japanese speakers were also asked to read a Japanese passage of 286 letters (Japanese Kana) to compare the reading of English with that of japanese. Their speech was analyzed on a computerized system (KAY Computerized Speech Lab). Wave forms, spectrograms, and F0 contours were shown on the screen to measure the duration of pauses, phrases and sentences and to observe intonation contours. One finding of the experiment was that the movement of the low speakers' speech rates showed a similar tendency in their reading of the English passage. Reading of the Japanese passage by the three learners also had a similar tendency in the movement of speech rates. Another finding was that the frequency of pauses in the learners speech was greater than that in the speech of the native speaker, but that the ration of the total pause length to the whole utterance length was about tile same in both the learners' and the native speaker's speech. A similar tendency was observed about the learners' reading of the Japanese passage except that they used shorter pauses in the mid-sentence position. As to intonation contours, we found that the learners used a narrower pitch range than the native speaker in their reading of the English passage while they used a wider pitch range as they read the Japanese passage. It was found that the learners tended to use falling intonation before pauses whereas the native speaker used different intonation patterns. These findings are applicable to the teaching of English pronunciation at the passage level in the sense that they can show the learners. Japanese here, what their problems are and how they could be solved.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.275-301
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• 2017

본 논문은 부분 중첩으로 만들어진 한국어 상징 부사를 대상으로 한 중국 학자 왕홍군(王洪君)의 운율 형태론적 분석의 문제점과 한계를 지적하기 위해 작성되었다. 필자는 왕홍군(王洪君)과는 달리 부분 중첩 현상을 일관되게 접두사화로 가정하고, 접두사 부가 방식에 대한 분류를 시도해 보았으며, 그 결과 어간의 형태, 특히 말음으로 나타나는 소리 자질은 접두사 부가의 양상을 결정하는데 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 표준 중국어 의성어 부분 중첩 현상에서 접두사 부가에 대한 최적성 이론적 분석을 보이고 이를 토대로 한국어와 표준 중국어 의성 의태어의 제약 등급 순위를 대조한 결과 중첩의 적용 양식이 같음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 두 언어에서 공히 설단음 /t/와 유음 /l/이 특별한 지위를 갖고 있는 이유를 기능론적 관점에서 설명하였다. 이로써 본 논문에서는 최적성 이론의 틀 안에서 중요한 몇 개의 제약과 그들의 특정 등급만으로 다양한 유형의 한국어와 표준 중국어의 부분 중첩 의성 의태어를 쉽게 분석할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.378-390
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• 2020

영어 강세는 발화된 영어 단어를 이해하는 데 상당히 중요한 역할을 하며 잘못된 강세의 위치는 의사소통의 실패로 이어질 수 있다. 강세가 없는 것으로 알려진 한국어를 모국어로 둔 영어 학습자는 영어 운율체계를 습득하는 데 어려움을 겪을 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 한국어가 단어 수준에서 이러한 강세를 실현하는 것이 영어와 어떻게 다른지 그리고 한국인 영어 학습자의 중간언어가 이 두 언어와 어떻게 다른지 연구하였다. 다음 절로 이루어진 4개의 영어 외래어와 그들의 영어 원어 4개가 실험단어로 사용되었다. 10명의 영어 원어민이 영어 원어를 읽었으며 10명의 한국인 영어 학습자가 먼저 영어 외래어를 한국어로 그리고 나중에는 영어 원어를 영어로 읽었다. 120개의 발화 샘플을 분석한 결과 한국어에는 모든 강세 자질로 (즉, 조음 길이, 조음 크기, 조음의 높이) 실현되는 두드러진 음절이 없었다. 반면에 영어는 모든 강세 자질에 의해 일관되게 실현되는 상대적으로 두드러진 음절을 가지고 있었다. 흥미롭게도 영어 강세 실현에 있어 한국인 영어 학습자의 중간언어는 모국어보다도 영어와 비슷한 특징을 보여 주었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2006

모음을 삽입시키거나 자음을 탈락시킴으로써 한 음절 내의 영어 연속음을 없애는 자음군 축약 전략이 기존의 연구들마다 다르다는 점에 동기를 부여받아서 한국 학생들의 영어 자음군 축약 전략을 탐구하게 되었다. 대학생 60명의 어두와 어말 자음군 발음을 조사한 결과, 초성이냐 종성이냐 하는 운율적 위치와 자음군이 몇 개로 구성되어 있느냐는 자음군 숫자에 따라 모음 삽입이냐 자음 탈락이냐 하는 자음군 축약 전략에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 삽입과 탈락의 오류 비율은 초성보다는 종성에서 높았고 두 개의 자음군보다는 세 개의 자음군에서 높았다. 전반적으로 삽입 오류 비율이 탈락 오류 비율보다 높았으나, 종성 위치의 세 개의 자음군에서는 탈락 비율이 삽입 비율보다 중요하게 높았다. 종성 위치 세 개의 자음군에서 탈락 비율이 높은 것 때문에 운율 위치에 상관없이 세 개의 자음군에서 삽입보다 탈락 비율이 높게 나타났으며 전반적으로 종성에서 탈락 비율이 높이 나타났다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Japanese(L1) on the production of Korean accentual phrases(L2). Korean and Japanese have a similar prosodic structure. But different from Korean, Japanese is a pitch accent language. So each word has its own pitch accent. And pitch accents are maintained in the sentence intonation. This difference will have a negative influence on the production of Korean sentence intonation. For this study 4 Korean natives speakers and 10 advanced Japanese learners of Korean participated in the production test. The material analysed constituted 11 Korean sentences, six of which contain formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. The results show that the initial pitch pattern of Korean accentual phrases was affected by Japanese pitch accent types and this interference was greater for formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. But besides initial tones of accentual phrase, some positive interference was observed in the internal tonal pattern of accentual phrase. In the phonetic realization, the internal pitch range and initial pitch rising of accentual phrases was greater for Japanese learners of Korean than native speakers of Korean.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In this study, we examined whether Chinese learners of Korean can correctly produce the phonological process on the lexical and post-lexical level. For this purpose 4 Korean native speakers and 10 advanced and 10 intermediate Chinese learners of Korean participated in the production test. The materials analyzed constituted 10 Korean sentences in which nasalization can be applied on the syllable boundary, word boundary(w-boundary) as well as accentual phrase boundary(AP-boundary). The results show that for Korean speakers, nasalization was applied 100% at all level whereas for Chinese speakers, the rate of application of nasalization is different according to prosodic constituents and Korean proficiency. Nasalization was more frequently applied at the lexical level than the post-lexical level, and it is more frequent in the w-boundary conditions than in the AP-boundary conditions. However, the rate of nasalization in the w-boundary is close to the lexical level. The pronunciation errors were committed either as non application of nasalization or coda obstruent ommission. In the case of non application of nasalization, Chinese learners of Korean produced the target syllables as underling forms, which were not transformed as surface forms. In addition, we can observe the ommission of coda obstruents in 'lenis obstruents+nasal sound' sequences. As a result, nasalization is blocked by this omission.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prosody of utterance of ambiguous sentences in patients with neurogenic communication disorders. Ambiguous words on which prosody may have an impact were used to investigate this matter. The characteristics of tone duration, pitch and intensity were analyzed to examine the characteristics of prosody in patients with lesions in the left or right hemisphere and normal controls. The whole process was recorded using a Praat 4.3.14 and for statistical analyses, two-way Anova and multiple comparative analyses were carried out using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The conclusions of this study are as follows: The length of vowel in homograph in Korean was different depending on the meaning and the duration of vowel was the longest in patients with lesions in the left hemisphere. There was agreed that they had problem of timing of prosody(Danly & Shapiro, 1982). On the other hand, there found that patients with lesions in the right hemisphere had deficiency of changeability in pitch. Among various acoustic parameters, this study focused on the duration which are closely related to suprasegmental characteristics of prosody. More acoustic parameters should be taken into account in future studies.