• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1980

The bursa of Fabricius from thyroxine-treated group showed increased number of large lymphocytes with well-developed cytoplasm, immunoblasts and proplasmacytes accompanied with active cell divisions. More prominent development of Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cells in the bursa from this group were also observed. The bursa of Fabricius from the propylthiouracil-treated group, however, distinctively revealed proliferation of fibroblasts in the interstitial tissues, decreased number of lymphocytes, and necrotic lymphocytes in the follicles.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1990

The vascular responses to the vasoactive drugs were evaluated using aortic ring preparations obtained from propylthiouracil (PTU)-treated rats. The body weights and the levels of serum thyroxine $(T{_4})$ and triiodothyronine $(T{_3})$ were significantly decreased in propylthiouracil-treated rats as compared with those in age-matched control rats. The contractile responses to norepinephrine and potassium and calcium ions were significantly attenuated in aortic rings of PTU-treated rats 4 weeks after when compared with those from age-matched control animals. By the PTU treatment, however, the sensitivity to norepinephrine but not to calcium was decreased while the maximal responses to norepinephrine and calcium were reduced together. The attenuated contractile responses to the vasoconstrictors in PTU-treated rats are ascribed to the decreased ability of the muscle cells to contract. On the other hand, the relaxation responses induced by acetylcholine and histamine (endothelium-dependent relaxants) and isoproterenol and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent relaxants) had tendencies to be augmented in aortic rings of PTU-treated rats when compared with those of age-matched control animals. However, the sensitivities to the endothelium-independent relaxants were different between PTU-treated and control rats whereas those to the endothelium-dependent relaxants were not. These results suggest that the altered vascular responsiveness in the PTU-treated rats seems to be due to the alteration of smooth muslce cells rather than the Influence of endothelium, and that this change is slowly progressive after hypothyroidism is evident.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-34
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• 1967

An experiment was performed in order to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of propylthiouracil per kg body weight on the metabolic rate and the thyroidal activity in ten, Korean native goats by using the Benedict-Roth Metabolism apparatus and the radioactive iodine-131 in the average environmental temperature at $5.7^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean metabolic rates of the treated group and the control group were $34.5Kcal./m^2/hr.$ and $33.8Kcal./m^2/hr.$ 2) The peak of thyroidal uptake $I^{131}$ rate in the treated group was 20.12% in 48 hrs., following administration of $I^{131}$ and it was 22.62% in the control group in 96 hrs., Highly significant difference was observed(P<0.01).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2016

The objective of the present study is to determine whether blue honeysuckle lyophilized concentrated powder (BH) has favorable effects on hypothyroidism and related reproductive organ damage. Hypothyroidism was induced by 9 subcutaneous administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) for 28 days. Levothyroxine (LT4)-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with LT4 for the same period, while for BH (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) or Flos Lonicerae lyophilized aqueous extract (LF, 250 mg/kg)-treated groups, the test materials were orally administrated for 42 days: two weeks before PTU injection and during PTU administration. The changes in serum thyroid hormone levels, serum male sex hormone levels, and testis antioxidant defense system were observed by histopathology of the thyroid gland, epididymis, prostate, and testis. The oral administrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of BH showed favorable effects compared to LF on hypothyroidism and related damages of reproductive organs through augmentation of the antioxidant defense system in the testis. In conclusion, BH is a promising new potent thyroid gland protecting agent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1980

In order to know the effects of thyroid hormone on the bursa of Fabricius in chicken, the bursae were studied with the light microscope after administration of thyroxine(TX) or propylthiouracil(PPT). Macroscopically, the bursa of TY-treated group showed increase in size and thickened folds. while those of the PPT-treated group decrease in size, compared with those of control group. In the light microscopic studies, the bursa of Fabricius of the TX-treated group showed active cell-divisions in the medulla, and increased number of pyroninophilic large lymphocytes and plasma cells containing PAS positive materials in the cytoplasms. On the other hand, the bursa from PPT-treated group revealed decreased number of lymphocytes, significant increase of necrotic lymphocytes in the follicles, and the proliferation of the interfollicular connective tissues. A large number of pyroninophilic lymphocytes and plasma cells were also appeared in the spleen of the TX-treated group.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.55-75
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• 2015

Objectives : The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Insamyangyoung-tang aqueous extracts (ISYYT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU) induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods : The rats were divided into 6 groups : intact control, PTU control, Levothyroxine (LT ₄ ), 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg ISYYT treated groups. In ISYYT treated groups, PTU and ISYYT were administered for 4 weeks after 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg ISYYT were administered for 2 weeks. In LT ₄ group, PTU and LT ₄ were administered for 4 weeks. The changes were observed : the weigh, serum thyroid hormone levels, serum sex hormone levels, serum lipid profiles, serum liver enzyme levels, liver and testis antioxidant defense system, histopathology of thyroid gland, liver, epididymis, prostate and testis. Results were compared with PTU control group in this experiment. Results : In comparison with PTU control group, 500 and 250 mg/kg ISYYT treated groups showed significant increase of body, thyroid, liver, testis, epididymis and prostate weights, decrease of serum TSH levels with increase of serum T3 and T4 level, increase of serum testosterone and DHT levels with decrease of serum FSH levels, decrease of serum HDL with increase of TG and increase of serum AST levels. Histopathological inspections of hepatic and male reproductive organ damage induced by PTU were improved. And the changes of antioxidant defense system of Liver and testis induced by PTU were improve. There was no significant difference between 125 mg/kg ISYYT treated group and PTU control group in this experiment. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study considered that Insamyangyoung-tang may be effective in hypothyroidism and related organ damages.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2001

We investigated the toxic effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to develop and validate an enhanced Protocol for Test Guideline 407 as OECD Project. Twenty male and female SD rats,7 weeks old, were treated with PTU in corn oil at levels of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks orally. Clinical observation, body weight changes, food uptake, water consumption, urinalysis, estrus cycle and sperm analysis, serum chemist교, autopsy findings and histopathological findings were evaluated in this study. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in the study. The body weights and food uptakes in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day were reduced from 3 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. The levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4, 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyrosine) were also significantly decreased in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day. Also, the relative and absolute organ weights of thymuses were decreased. Thyroid glands of rats in the group treated with PTU 10 mg/kg/day were bigger than those of rats in the control group. In the histopathological examination, diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular cells were observed in all treatment groups, leading to the reduction of lumen size and papillary enfolding of lining epithelium. The degree of lesion was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that PTU would cause toxicity in thyroid gland and decrease the levels of T3 and T4 in SD rats. However there were no effects on the other organ including testis and uterus especially in spermatogenesis and estrus cycle. On the basis of the results, enhanced protocol for Test Guideline (TG) 407 may be sensitive and reliable to detect endocrine-active substances like PTU.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2012

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is one of the most common drugs used in the treatment of Graves' disease. There are a number of side effects found with PTU use including fever, rash, arthralgia, and flu-like symptoms. Recently antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positive vasculitis after PTU treatment was reported as a rare side effect, which can cause diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. A 45-year-old woman with Graves' disease had been treated with PTU for five months, complained of hemoptysis due to pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage causing anemia, and also had hematuria. Simple chest X-ray and HRCT showed bilateral consolidation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed alveolar hemorrhage. A serologic test was positive for ANCA against myeloperoxidase and proteinase-3. Such findings suggested that the presence of PTU induced ANCA positive vasculitis. Cessation of PTU and the administration of high dose steroids improved the clinical manifestation, radiologic and serologic findings. We observed ANCA titer serially for 6 years. During the follow up period, ANCA titer decreased slowly and stayed within the acceptable upper normal limit.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

Objectives : Hyangsayangyi-tang (香砂養胃湯) is a polyherbal formula, has been used as one of the representative So-eumin (少陰人) prescriptions in Sasang-medicine (四象醫學), a famous Korean medicinal theory. The aqueous extract of Hyangsayangyi-tang (HSYYT) was evaluated for its possible ameliorative effect in the regulation of hypothyroidism related reproductive organ damages in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat model. Methods : HSYYT aqueous extracts were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg (bodyweight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28days. Results : PTU induced hypothyroidism and related male reproductive organ (testis, epididymis and prostate) damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of HSYYT 500 and 250 mg/kg, and they also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense system changes in the testis. No effective or any harmful changes on the PTU induced hypothyroidism and related male reproductive organ damages were observed in HSYYT 125 mg/kg treated rats as compared with PTU control in this experiment. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that oral administration of 500 and 250 mg/kg of HSYYT showed favorable effects on the hypothyroidism and related reproductive organ damages through augmentation of antioxidant defense system in the testis, and it is considered that HSYYT may be help to ameliorate the hypothyroidism and related organ damages in clinics.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.54-73
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• 2015

Objectives The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Yikgeebohyul-tang aqueous extracts (YKBHT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods The rats were divided into 6 groups : intact vehicle control, PTU control, LT4, YKBHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. Hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. YKBHT aqueous extracts were administered once a day as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg for 42 days. The changes were observed : weight of body, thyroid gland, liver, testis, epididymis and prostate, serum thyroid hormone levels, serum male sex hormone levels, serum lipid profiles, liver and testis antioxidant system. These results were compared with LT4 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally treated rats. Results These PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic and male reproductive organ damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of YKBHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and YKBHT also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense factor changes in the both liver and testis. Although, LT4 also inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and relative liver damages. But it deteriorated the hypothyroidism related testis, epididymis and prostate damages through testicular oxidative damages. Conclusions : The result of this study suggests that YKBHT has favorable effects on the hypothyroidism and related liver and reproductive organ damages with augmentation of antioxidant defense factor in the testis and liver. YKBHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver and male reproductive organ damages in rats.