• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.351-358
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop a speed control system of a DC motor which drove a barley seeder mounted on a combine harvester. Barley seeder mounted on a combine has been known to reduce labor and cost of barley cultivation. However, development of the seeder has been unsuccessful because the combine, a dedicated rice and barley harvester has not enough space and proper power take-off for barley seeder. To develop a barley seeder, small powered motor speed controller was required. A proximity sensor for detecting working speed of the combine and a programmable one board microprocessor was used to develope a control system. Motor parameters and motor constant, relationship between seeding rate, motor speed, groove volumes of a tested roller, torque were measured. The proximity sensor sent a frequency signal to the microprocessor. In laboratory experiments, the excitation voltage of the motor was shown not to be proportional to the size of pulse width (duty ratio). A table transforming frequency signal, that represented for working speed to proper pulse width was developed from seeding rate experiments. However, seeding rate at low frequency signal was not proportional to the working speed. Seeding rate control proportional to the frequency signal was achieved by shifting of the frequency signal.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.605-612
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• 1997

This study is to evaluate the overall NPP(Net Primary Productions distribution in the Korean Peninsula from the satellite data(NOAA/AVHRR). This has been done using the linear relationship between the natural vegetation condition and the NPP. The NPP of natural vegetation increases proportional to the annual net radiation(Rn), where radiative dorless Index(RDI) is a proportional constant connecting Rn to NPP. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) Is used for monitoring vegetation change, and INDVI (Integrated NDVI) for annual analysis. The INDVI has a close relation to .Rn and NPP. which can be used effectively for estimating NPP distribution of where the meteorological data Is unavailable such as North Korea. The NPP distribution of the Korean Peninsula was estimated based on the model.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

When drilling using electrical-discharge machining (EDM), severe electrode wear makes in-process measurements of the depth of the drilled hole and the volume of material removed impossible. To estimate the volume of material removed a reliable real-time discharge pulse counting method is proposed by assuming that the volume removed in EDM is proportional to the number of discharge pulses from an iso-energy pulse generator. The geometry of machined holes, including depths and cross-sectional profiles, is estimated using geometric analysis. A proportional relationship between the volume of material removed and the number of discharge pulses was developed and verified by experiments.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which cause the differences in the percentage of anterior overbite in spite of normal molar relationship in terms of skeletal, dental and dentoalveolar relations. The models and cephalograms taken from 154 subjects, 89 of shallow overbite and 65 of deep overbite ranging from 18 to 29 years of age were studied and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows. 1. In determining the percentage of anterior overbite, the significant differences were higher in the dental and dentoalveolar factors than in the skeletal factors and were higher in the proportional and angular measurements than in linear measurements. 2. The factor which had the greatest influence on the percentage of anterior overbite was the proportional parts of the dental and dentoalveolar heights. 3. The most influencing factor which determined the percentage of anterior overbite was the SN-MP angle among the skeletal factors.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.108-114
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of the Si content on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of hypoeutectic Al-Si binary alloys in the range of 4~10 wt% Si. Cooling curves were measured during the solidification of the alloy cast in a step-wise mold. We compared two kinds of solidification time: the first is the total solidification time for both dendritic and eutectic growth, and the second is the solidification time for only dendritic growth. The proportional constant in the relationship between SDAS and cooling rate was estimated, as this constant represents the stability of the cast microstructure. The proportional constant decreased with the Si contents from 4 wt% to 8 wt%, and it remains relatively uniform with up to 10 wt% of Si.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1004-1011
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• 2016

The inaccurate model parameters in the predictive current control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM) affect the current dynamic response and steady-state error. This paper presents a model parameter correction algorithm based on the relationship between the errors of model parameters and the static errors of dq-axis current. In this correction algorithm, the errors of inductance and flux are corrected in two steps. Resistance is ignored. First, the proportional relations between inductance and d-axis static current errors are utilized to correct the error of model inductance. Second, the flux is corrected by utilizing the proportional relations between flux and q-axis static current errors under the condition that inductance is corrected. An experimental study with a 100 W SMPMSM is performed to validate the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.125-144
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• 2000

Occasionally, there are combat situations which one or both forces can´t terminate the combat using selected combat termination rule according to given relationship between ratio of attrition rate coefficient and threshold values. In this study, we classify the situations that one or both forces can´t terminate the combat with selected combat termination rule into four conditions. Condition${\circled1}$ is the situation which both Blue and Red can terminate the combat using all selected combat termination rules. condition${\circled2}$ and condition${\circled3}$ are those which neither Blue or Red can terminate the combat using selected proportional decision rule, and condition${\circled4}$ is that which both Blue and Red can´t terminate the combat using selected proportional decision rule. We analyze the effect of combat termination rules on parity number, final combat power, and combat durations for each conditions. Also, we propose the method to apply the analyzed effect of combat termination rules to combat analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.553-560
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• 2001

The ductility capacity should be estimated for inelastic analysis and design of reinforced concrete flexural members. Therefore, to estimate the ductility capacity, the model of moment-curvature relationship of reinforced concrete flexural member is assumed in this study. The curvature, rotation, and displacement(deflection) of reinforced concrete cantilever beams are analyzed and tested. The analytical results are compared with the test results. According to the analytical and test results, the assumed model of moment-curvature relationship in this study is adequate in flexural analysis of reinforced concrete members because the analytical results are well agreed with the test results, and it is resonable to express the ductility capacity in the rotation or displacement ductility, Because the curvature ductility is the limited index in a certain section. It is investigated that the ductility capacity is proportional to lateral reinforcement and compression reinforcement and inversely proportional to tension reinforcement.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the morphological relationship between changes hair styles and changes in necklines and collars in 20th century fashion. After selecting the representative plate by each age for this study, the neckline, collar, and formative relevancy of hair style according to it have been analyzed by measuring the neckline, collar, and the width and height item of each hair style. The results of this study show- that the width changes of necklines and collars were mostly proportional in relation to each other, but the width changes of collars and hair styles were inversely proportional. While the amplitude of necklines and collars' width change was very broad, the amplitude of some hair style's height change was very broad. Regarding width, this result had similar results of the researcher's former research, the relation according to the width of necklines, collars and hair style from 16th century to 19th century. However, regarding height, this result was different from the preceding research in that the amplitude of hair style and collars' height change was very broad between 16th and 19th centuries, but the amplitude of neckline's height change is relatively small. This means various heights of necklines appeared in the 20th century, but more various heights of collars were shown between the 16th and 19th centuries. This research hopes to be helpful by predicting trends in fashion, and to be basic resources to understand the systemic relationship of these factors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2021

The accident rate is obtained by dividing the number of accidents by the number of regular workers. In the case off construction work, however, the accident rates are not accurately figured out, because they use the approximate number of regular workers, which is estimated based on the amount of construction work and the labor ratio. In addition, the current accident rate estimation method does not reflect the characteristics of construction types, such as building, civil, plant, etc. This study is conducted with the aim of presenting a supplementary method of accident rate assessment that incorporates the characteristics of type of construction. For the purpose of this, correlation and regression analysis are executed to verify the relationships between number of accidents and the amount of construction contract, and several equations are derived which shows the relationship between the number of accidents by accident types and amount of constract by construction types. The result shows that the non-residential work amount and the number of accidents showed a proportional relationship, while the civil work amount and the number of accidents showed an inversely proportional relationship. The results of this research are expected to calibrate the construction accident rates and to be used as an auxiliary indicator to determine the trend of annual accident rates by comparing the values with usual years.