• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.547-554
• /
• 2018

Torrefaction is the promising process of pretreating biomass materials to increase the quality of their energy, especially to upgrade the materials' grindability so that it is suitable for a commercial pulverizer machine. In this study, torrefaction of oak, bamboo, oil palm trunk, and rice husk was carried out under different torrefaction temperatures ($300^{\circ}C$, $330^{\circ}C$, and $350^{\circ}C$) and different torrefaction residence times (30, 45, and 60 minutes). Complete characterization of the torrefied biomass, including proximate analysis, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, mass yield, energy yield, and grindability properties (Hardgrove Grindability Index) was carried out. Increasing the torrefaction temperature and residence time significantly improved the calorific value, energy density (by reducing the product mass), and grindability of the product. Furthermore, for commercial purposes, the torrefaction conditions that produced the desired grindability properties of the torrefied product were $330^{\circ}C-30minutes$ and $300^{\circ}-45minutes$, and the latter condition produced a higher energy yield for bamboo, oil palm trunk, and rice husk; however, torrefaction of oak did not achieve the targeted grindability property values.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.248-256
• /
• 2000

We investigated the property of formation of mono-vesicle(designated nano-some) with using of the combined co-emulsifiers and phospholipid. Nano-some was prepared with hydrogenated lecithin(HL) and diethanolamine cetyl phosphate(DEA-CP) by swelling reaction. Kojic acid and kojic dipalmitate could be made stabilization by nano-some system using microfluidizer(MF). Nano-some has a good affinity to skin by means of this system. The composition was compounded by 2% of hydrogenated lecithin (phosphatidyl choline contained with 75%, 0.5% of DEA-CP and 0.5% of diglyceryl dioleate (DGDO). To make nano-some, several conditions of MF have to be considered as follows. The optimum pH was 6.0. The pressure was 10,000psi and passage temperature was at $306^{\circ}C$. The nano-some base was passed to homogenize continually 3 times through MF. The Particle size distributions of the vesicles were with in $57{\sim}75.7nm$(mean 66nm) by measuring the Zetasizer-3000. Zeta potential of vesicles with 3 times passage through MF was -24.8mV. Formations for nano-some vesicle certificated photograph by scanning electric magnification (SEM). Stability of nano-some was very good for 6months. The turbidity was very good transparency compared nano-some with liposome. It was formed the mono vesicle in the opposite direction to be formed the multi-lamellar vesicle of liposome.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.808-816
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted with a view toward enhancing the industrial utilization of a male sailfin sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus based on its application in the preparation of Sik-hae, a Korean traditional fermented fishery product prepared using hard-boiled rice and enzymatic malt sprouts. As an alternative to rice and malt sprouts, we evaluated the utility of rice Koji for Sik-hae fermentation by investigating the physicochemical changes that occur during fermentation. The sailfin sand fish Sik-hae fermented with 10% or 20% rice Koji was found to show similar fermentation characteristics to the control fermentation with 20% hard-boiled rice and 4% malt sprouts, with respect to acid production, texture profile, and the softening of bones during the entire fermentation period. In particular, compared with the control, the addition of 10% rice Koji reduced the dehydration of Sik-hae and increased the content of free amino acids, which contributed to preventing a marked reduction in pH during fermentation. Accordingly, 10% rice Koji is proposed as a viable alternative enzymatic agent for the preparation of Sik-hae, which can contribute enhancing the desired properties of this traditional food product.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2008

Stability of the moving historic sites have something to do with the degree of easiness of work as well as physical property of polymer product. These agents should be able to use without the effect of outer environments like water or low temperature and must have stability during progress of working the peel off Urethane pre-product from Epoxy surface. So, we synthesized low viscosity epoxy resin and hardener with best physical quality and separation media for the moving of historical sites. These products have very good tension strength, adhesion strength, low viscosity and various physical properties that the users want. Particularly, separation media products have good separation of Urethane pre-products surface and Epoxy final product surface.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, became an opportunity for unprecedented global reflection and change. And it served as an opportunity to promote a new paradigm in all areas of society, including politics, economy, culture, and industry. In the midst of this upheaval, the 2022 IAA exhibition, which was held in four years, was held as an exhibition that even proposed new concepts of smart logistics and mobility services. Among them, various concepts were also proposed in exhibitions related to last mile mobility, the focus of this study.As a result of this study, the main trend of last mile mobility shown in the IAA 2022 exhibition is that the property of physical products with functions as social interfaces is expanding into the PSS (Product-Service System) ecosystem in which products and services are systematically linked. As a result, the need for a methodological approach that can organically link the design planning of social services and the development of products corresponding to it was derived.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.78-81
• /
• 2020

Quantum dot efficiency was increased to evaluate reliability and optical characteristics using incidental materials. Quantum dot was manufactured by wrapping a sandwich type quantum layer using a product with a barrier property to prevent water and oxygen because it is vulnerable to oxygen and moisture. We used the three quantum dot films consisting of quantum dot only and quantum dot products consisting of film and barrier film combined with PET in the quantum dot product to evaluate the change over 650 hours under high temperature and high humidity conditions at 60℃ and 90 % humidity. As a result, the quantum dot product with Barrier Film has lowered luminance by 8 %, CIE x by 2 % and CIE y by 8 %. Quantum dot products exposed to moisture and oxygen were oxidized and measured low before measurement.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we analyze the [UC;AG] code which is genetic information standard DNA code, with 64 trigram. DNA which contains human genetic information, is a shape of adding three billion pairs of four bases which are A(adenine), C(cytosine), G(guanine) and T(thymine) to phosphoric acid and glucose. We present standard DNA code to 64 trigram which is $64{\times}4$ matrix with Kronecker product. This $64{\times}4$ matrix has double helix duplex property, and we can get the $4{\times}4$ matrix RNA code by removing the duplex of it. We present the DNA double helix to matrices and analysis the trigram array code of genetic information and the examples of it are presented in example 5, 6.

• Journal of Communication Design
• /
• v.62
• /
• pp.302-311
• /
• 2018

Fonts are digitized into a file and recognized as a intellectual property by the revision of the design protection act in 2005. Fonts are passed on to the users and are developed into design products. In this study, we have developed a model of font usage system as a design product based on Ahn Se Yoon's brand value system model. Based on the usage system model of the typeface, the lifecycle as a design product of the typeface was defined and analyzed as four different phases (introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.) In this study, To investigate the lifecycle of fonts, we selected the Gulim-chae which is most widely used as digital font files in Korea and are now in decline phase. Through this study, We hope that it will be useful for developing fonts, licensing system, and establishing brand strategies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.8B
• /
• pp.549-561
• /
• 2005

As Internet and network technologies have been developed, e-commerces are getting more complex and more various. This paper, for meta-data and data exchange between heterogeneous database systems, uses XML schema proposed in W3C, and XML schema can present meta-data and data of relational database system as XML document format which is structural. It supports various primitive data formats, so that it uses the structure which reflects adequately data formats which relational database system offered. However, current e-commerces use heterogeneous platforms, so difficulties that is mutual interchange and management exist. For the solution for these problems, a standard ontology which defines relations of product classifications and the standard of property expression and the location ontology which offers e-commerce's information about products are constructed. Applying these ontology information to search system, by offering information which customers need efficient search is performed. Combining these ontologies and product classification category information, called XMDR, this XMDR is introduced into product search system, so this paper proposes to construct ontology server method for efficient search.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.382-387
• /
• 2009

When a system or service is realized, it needs to be verified by requirements. The process of verification is to check whether customers/stakeholders requirements have been property transformed into a system or service. A set of verification processes is described in the international or industrial standards. However, it is not appropriate to directly apply those verification processes in the national research and development projects. In particular, we noticed the problem in the development of safety systems, standards and process in the railway systems domain. As such, this paper is concerned with a detailed development of the verification process in that domain. Specifically, an effective and efficient verification process is presented regarding the safety systems and process, safety standards, and safety documents. Also, the verification process was modeled by a computer-aided systems engineering tool, Cradle(R). As a result, the outcomes of the verification process on be managed efficiently.