• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2004

The human history has progressed closely related to land. Mankind started land administration as a tool of governance to make land the object of imposing taxation as well as developing the land administration as a concept of securing property rights. People have drawn boundary lines on the ground to form a land parcel according to the usage and/or ownership. Furthermore, the land administration has been developed as a registering system of cadastral records fer the public announcement of fixed boundary instead of changeable ground boundary. Currently the citizens demand the provision of accurate and diverse information on the land which is assessed to has high property value encouraged by the rapid development in the post-industrial society today. However, even though the fact that the Korean cadastral registers produced during the Land Investigation Project are still practically in use causes land-related disputes and promotes public mistrust because of the changed boundaries by parcel mutation, the expansion and contraction of map sheets and the quality deterioration and damage of map paper, but the ultimate resolution is not yet made so far. The distance difference between boundary points are compared and analyzed using TS surveying method in the research as a methodology to resolve the boundary inconsistency, the current problem of cadastral records. Consequently, I'd say that the new surveying method of registering the coordinates of real ground boundary has been regarded as more efficient than considering the matter on the map regardless of urban or rural areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.789-795
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• 2017

Termites (Isoptera) are classified into approximately 3,106 species. In Korea, only one species has been identified, which is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto. The termite, a social insect, is known to play an important role in nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, although some species of termites are well-known pests attacking wooden structures or any plant materials. However, there is a lack of research about termites in Korea, including aspects such the taxonomy, physiology, and ecology of termites. This study was carried out to provide valuable basic data on the ecological role of termites in an ecosystem in Korea for the future studies. For the experiments, soil and termite samples were randomly collected from Mt. Hwajang located in Jikdong-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Korea between October 5 and 30, 2015. Analysis results showed that there were no significant differences in soil chemical properties between the soil samples just after air-drying and one year elapsed without any treatment. The treated soil with termites showed significantly higher than the soil without termite treatment. Chemical properties of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphate, pH, Calcium(Ca), Potassium(K) and Magnesium(Mg) in soil treated with termites were $1.11{\pm}0.3gkg^{-1}$, $43.3{\pm}12.4gkg^{-1}$, $27.4{\pm}2.9mgkg^{-1}$, $4.56{\pm}0.2$, $0.82{\pm}0.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $3.18{\pm}1.4cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $1.73{\pm}1.1cmol_ckg^{-1}$, respectively. The values of soil property of without termite treatment were $0.56{\pm}0.1gkg^{-1}$, $30.5{\pm}3.1gkg^{-1}$, $24.0{\pm}4.7 mgkg^{-1}$, $4.09{\pm}0.1$, $0.71{\pm}0.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $2.88{\pm}1.5cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $1.30{\pm}0.7cmol_ckg^{-1}$, respectively. These results suggest that inhabitation of termites could improve soil chemical properties in an ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 1985

Fifteen 1-yr old roosters were employed in order to investigate the influence of various dietary fibers on the water and Na metabolism of chicken. Wheat bran, pure cellulose and ground rice straw replaced corn in the control diet at 10% level; Pectin replaced corn at 8% level. Three roosters were allotted per dietary treatment and one rooster per replicate. The limit of probability accepted as being significant was P$\leq$.05. The dry matter metabolizabilities of cellulose and rice straw diets were significantly lower, and those of control and pectin diets were significantly higher than that of the wheat bran diet. Pectin fed roosters seemed to drink more water than did the other birds. Also, excreta from roosters fed the pectin diet were significantly wetter than those from other treatments. However, no difference in water intake and fecal moisture were found when !he roosters were colostomized. It was also found that the colostomized birds drank more water than did intact ones. Data of water holding capacity and bulk density of dried excreta showed that cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order were strong in fibrous property. There were no significant differences in C$_{Na+}$ , Cosm and C$_{{H_2}O}$ among all treatments. When the values of urine volume, urine osmolality and C$_{{H_2}O}$ were put together, it can be concluded that 11 out of 15 roosters developed diuresis. More severe diuretic symptoms were developed in roosters when they were fed more fibrous diets. In conclusion, when the four dietary fibers were graded in terms of fibrous property, it turned out to be pectin, cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2002

Lately a few of new ecological management policies have been developed and implemented to need objectives of national parks in effective ways. Examples include trail closing for preserving bears, no pets allowance for possible diesease expansion, and no fire in national parks. Such new policies can cause visitors and local residents inconvenience and dissatisfaction. Decision-making processes based on public participation became more important as a primary mean to decrease such undesirable reactions. This study examined conflicts between collective value and individual preference in process building an ecological management policy by analysis of questionnaire survey results. The subjects of the present study were 242 university students. The majority(93.%) accepted the need of public participation in decision-making processes, and the most important reason was that such processes can properly help decison makers understand what the public and local residents want(51.7%). They also answered that individual property right can be limited for preserving species but the limited right should be compensated by the government(93.0%). The great majority(97.1%) of respondents supported the trail closing policy designed to protect bears(Urus thibetanus) from being captured no matter what their personal preference is. On the contrary, more than half of the respondents answered that local residents should be allowed to gather herbs and plants even within national park area since they have been doing for a long time. The results of the present study seem to support major findings of some previous studies that it is critical for policy makers to encourage the public to consider issues under debate from the perspective of collective value rather than individual preference and provide them with necessary information and chances to discuss to each other in public participation processes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of improvement of soil physical property such as deep plowing and chiseling and diagnostic application of N, P, K fetilizers. Latex Coated Urea(LCU), compost, sillicate for increasing yielding and enchancing N-use efficiency in puddled-soil drill seeding of Rice. The soil physical properties, such as bulk density, hardness and porosity were increased by deep plowing and chiseling, as well as chemical propeties were highly enhanced soil productivity due to increase the content of organic matter, available $P_2O_5$ and K as compare with control. The amount of $NH_4-N$ in soil was highly increased by diagnostic fertilization and chiseling, while recovery rate of V fertilizer was the highest at LCU 80% applied with chiseling. The rice yield increased by 23% under the diagnositic application of LCU 80% applied base with chiseling.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.196-203
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• 2004

To understand the geochemical processes in the Han River Estuary, distributions and behaviors of nutrients, dissolved organic matters, and uranium were investigated and analyzed during estuarine tidal mixing in June 2000 and February 2001. The distribution of inorganic nutrients showed very dynamic distributional patterns implying an apparent nitrification process and a concave non-conservative mixing along the salinity gradient. Dissolved organic carbon was high in the upstream region and decreased sharply in the low salinity region of around 5 psu. The 3-D fluorescence characteristic of dissolved organic matter showed two distinct fluorophores in the study area. Biomacromolecules originated mainly from the indigenous biochemical processes and geomacromolecules from terrestrial humic materials. In the study area, the distribution of geomacromolecule showed a concave non-conservative property along the salinity gradient presumably due to the flocculation and removal processes in the estuary. Meanwhile, distribution of the dissolved uranium, mainly in the form of stable uranium carbonate complex, also showed a concave non-conservative property along the salinity gradient in the Han River Estuary. From this study, the removal rate of dissolved uranium in the Han River Estuary was estimated to be about 7.1 ton per year.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2004

This research was carried out to investigate the moisture evaporation and property change depenging on the composting temperature for the escalator reversing composting system. The system was supported by the Y livestock cooperative composting factory. According to the test, the composting remperature eas varied in the range of $65\~80^{\circ}C$. The water content was de-creased to $75\%$ and became about $60\%$ at the end of the phase. Total nitrogen became $0.58\%$, total phosphoric acid $1.47\%$ and potashium $0.49\%$ at the end of the phase.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

The first visual contact in architecture happens in surface, and it could be significant object as well as the starting point to recognize the essence and perceive the buildings. Architecture surface could not get out of the restriction of structures and materials that support buildings for a long time in the past. Architecture surface in the past should fulfill the structural role to form are appearance of buildings and support buildings at the same time, so it was difficult to get out of logic for material and thickness of walls, arrangements and sizes of windows. However, since the modern age, architecture surface came to be freer according to the development of building technology, and development of technology changes shows tendencies to express role of new design factor as an architectural element emphasized expression and autonomy,s which was escaped from the subordinate relationship that the surface of building must do the structural function. In this study, it would be examined the expressive characteristics of various epidermis that are expressed in architecture of Herzog & de Meuron since the end of 20thcentury focused on comprehended and analyzed results of changes and characteristics of contemporary society. Through this, it would be comprehended the epidermis of architecture that has particular character expressed in modern buildings of Herzog & de Meuron, and it would be composed a certain linkage between this and characteristics of contemporary society and it would be investigated that the establishing process of inner spaces. Identification through case analysis for this would perform a role of catalyst for the new possibility and development of contemporary architecture's surface expression in the future.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.455-467
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• 2015

Objective: The present study suggested practical measures for successful patent registration based on a review of success and failure cases of patent application filed based on inventions obtained from physical ergonomics research. Background: The protection of intellectual property (IP) contributes to economic growth and competitiveness and facilitates innovation and creativity. IP rights are pursued on research findings for effective technology transfer and commercialization; however, a patent application can be rejected if patentability requirements such as patent eligible subject matter, utility for industrial application, novelty, or non-obviousness are not satisfied. Method: Three successful and three failed cases of patent applications based on physical ergonomics research were reviewed, critical reasons for their successes and failures were examined, and measures were proposed to avoid failures in patent registration. Results: The following measures were identified based on the patent application case review. First, abstract ideas including logical procedures and/or mathematical formulas need to include use of tangible apparatus and methods in idea realization. Second, the provision of grace period inventor disclosure exception needs to be properly followed in case an invention is disclosed before filing of patent application. Lastly, a comprehensive analysis of prior art published or publicly known anywhere in the world and a claim preparation of distinguished, non-trivial features compared to prior art solutions are needed to avoid possible violation of novelty and non-obviousness. Application: The proposed measures can help to prepare a patent application with patent eligibility.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.572-576
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• 2016

Soil quality assessment is an important tool for environmental management in an agricultural field. It can be used to evaluate the health of the soils and to establish the basis for sustainable urban agriculture and soil management. For this study, the chemical properties of the soils used for urban agriculture were examined. Results of the soil analysis for chemical properties were applied to soil quality assessment system, which is composed of principal component analysis, application to scoring function and derivation of soil quality index (SQI). Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (T-N) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) according to principal component analysis. Based on the results of scoring for four indicators (pH, EC, OM, T-N), soil pH was the indicator that needs the most urgent management. Results of SQI derivation showed that many of the urban farms appeared to be insufficient score in comprehensive soil quality assessment. In conclusion, soil management practices based on scores derived from soil chemical indicators need to be carried out to maintain sustainable urban agricultural soil environment and to provide easy-to-understand information to urban farmers.