• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2004

This thesis aims to show the design logics and the meta-design of a public restroom "Between You and Me." This work reinterprets a public restroom regarded as the typical public space by means of spatial agency's influences, on the assumption thor spatial agency controls the properties of public space. This thesis examines our representational system against the public space, and our specific experience in it with the conceptual model of meta-design. Meta-design is a design beyond the design usually we think of. Experiential meta-design, "Between You and Me" presented as the object of this thesis, is a constructive design project which converts our negative perception of the restroom to a new one, "interface." This project, composed of the surrealistic spatial arrangement, urges us to reconsider our fixed thoughts of the restroom and try a creative experience in it. Finally this thesis shows how the space's way of existence fixes our acts and thoughts, and what enables the repetitive acts and thoughts often emerged In our relations with the public space through a meta-design.c space through a meta-design.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Since 2014, MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) is carrying out a KASS project to develop and construct Korean SBAS. KASS can cause damage of human & properties if it has some problem during operation. Therefore, system safety assessment for KASS development is very important. Principal point of system safety assessment is the allocation of DAL(design assurance level) based on the hazard identification and classification. In this parer, the author conducts the allocation of DAL for KASS & its sub-systems based on the international standard(SAE ARP4761), which suggests a best practice of aviation system safety assessment. The result of this paper are the first step of system safety assessment, and can be used for further system safety assessment of KASS project.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.181-186
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• 2010

Research on construction waste unit was in progress in the 1995 when 'Proper Disposal and Recycling Measures for Construction Waste' was made by the Seoul Development Institute. Such an effort has been made in order to cope with the lack of natural resources in Korea and to utilize the reusable resources. Furthermore, these efforts have also increased due to the improved standing of Korea in the international community. A large number of residential buildings were built in the response to the government's policy by increasing the supply of houses between the 1970's and 1980's. In 2000, more reconstruction and redevelopment was done because of the aged buildings and change of use for those buildings. And the project has been actively promoted until now, which caused a sharp increase in the generation volume of construction waste. In Korea, 8 kinds of construction waste unit, including the standard construction manpower and materials estimation, are introduced. Currently, they provide standards to different building categories and waste properties while for construction sites different standards are applied. This study aims to measure the actual amount of construction waste after sample buildings are dismantled and analyzes the estimation of the waste quantity by using various standard units. Through comparison, this study will figure out the differences among the standard units in order to find out how to apply the standard units properly. Moreover, this research will provide practical measures to apply such units to construction sites.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 1998

A bio-optic survey was made in the Yellow Sea in May, 1998 for OSMI cal/val and application project. Optical measurements were made in nine stations. From these measurements, apparent and inherent optical properties such as $K_d$, R, a, and $b_b$ were estimated. The patterns of reflectance indicated that all three major constituents, namely, chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments, and CDOM were active in determining the optical properties in the Yellow Sea. Their relative contribution was different among the stations. All the stations had high backscattering and their values fell in Case 2 category. Although the total absorption was very high, it could not be explained by the level of CDOM concentration. It is suggested that the suspended sediment might be highly absorptive and further study is needed to investigate the optical properties of the suspended sediments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

Optical Color Corescanner firstly developed by DMT-GeoTec, Germany and further upgraded through the Korea-Germany joint project is capable of duplicating the core surfaces. The tool uses a digital CCD line camera. As the core is rotated by an electric motor, the camera scans the uppermost line, everytime with a circumferential increment of up to 0.05mm(20pixels/mm) and hence a complete 360$^{\circ}$ unwrapped image(core image) is produced. This paper illustrated diverse research benefits of such core images from several test sites in our country. All scanned images could be stored as a data-base one and easily used with software facilities \circled1 to evaluate a percental distribution of mineral components or grain size etc. not only for the rock classification but also for e.g. the assessment of building stones, \circled2 to study potential reservoirs as a hydrocarbon indicator using ultraviolet fluorescence reflection from cores, \circled3 to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fractures, \circled4 to evaluate the fractures and thin bedded reservoirs using spectral color responses. Based on abundant scanning experiments, it would seem that this imaging work should lead to reflecting the future trend in underground survey toward a more comprehensive understanding of the properties and behaviors of in situ rocks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.49-59
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• 2010

Earthquake-induced liquefaction on saturated loose sand is well known in the world. Since Saemangeum Dike Project has a plan to be reclaimed with dredged sand on wide river, possibility of liquefaction should be checked. Section Dongjin5 was selected to evaluate possibility of liquefaction. Estimating method follows as 1) determination of PL value with SPT results, passing curve, and soil properties, 2) prediction for maximum earthquake acceleration, 3) calculation for FL value on depth with Korean specification for highway bridges, 4) visualization for possibility of liquefaction on all of project area with GIS 5) comparison with Japanese specification for highway bridges, Youd and Idriss method, and Andrus and Stokoe II method for verification, 6) ascertainment for the potential liquefaction with cyclic triaxial test. 7) establishing for countermeasure if needed. From the results, even though most of area covered with sand, no potential liquefaction exists except some areas. Those need to soil improvement with grout or attaching measurement on substructure.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2023

The depressor anguli oris (DAO) muscle is a thin, superficial muscle located below the corner of the mouth. It is the target for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, aimed at treating drooping mouth corners. Hyperactivity of the DAO muscle can lead to a sad, tired, or angry appearance in some patients. However, it is difficult to inject BoNT into the DAO muscle because its medial border overlaps with the depressor labii inferioris and its lateral border is adjacent to the risorius, zygomaticus major, and platysma muscles. Moreover, a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the DAO muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as asymmetrical smiles. Anatomical-based injection sites were provided for the DAO muscle, and the proper injection technique was reviewed. We proposed optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the face. The aim of these guidelines is to standardize the procedure and maximize the effects of BoNT injections while minimizing adverse events, all by reducing the dose unit and injection points.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.410-422
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• 2020

Objectives: According to the Act on Registration, Evaluation, Etc. of Chemicals, new and existing chemicals must be registered by 2030. In addition, industries need to submit hazard data as an attachment during the registration process. Therefore, we constructed a nationwide chemical database to support small industry by providing hazard data and original sources. During the process, we developed a new standard procedure for minimizing errors and increasing reliability. Methods: We analyzed the categories of errors and the cause of the errors through the verification results of the 2019 project. We present an improved database construction methodology and system. Results: Errors are categorized according to their causative factors into simple, technical, and structural type errors. Simple errors arise simply because of decreased concentration or negligence in following the instructions. Technical errors are caused by a discrepancy between the professional field and the type of data. Structural errors indicate systemic errors such as incomplete forms on the excel database or ambiguity in the guidelines. Lessons from the errors collected in the 2019 project are used to update the procedures for database authorization and technical guidelines. The main update points are as follows; 'supplementation of review process', 'giving regular training to external reviewers', 'giving additional information to authors, like physico-chemical properties of substances, degradability, etc.', 'amendment of excel form', and 'guideline upgrades'. Conclusions: We conducted this study with the aim of improving the accuracy and reliability of the database of hazard information for chemical substances. The new procedures and guidelines are now being used in the 2020 project for construction of a hazard information database for Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2016

This study targets Korean culture theme park in Yeongju-Zone and World confucian scholar culture park in Bonghwa-Zone among the Three Major Cultural Areas Projects supervised by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The study analyzes the Historical and Cultural Authenticity of each project on the basis of the reports and the report materials for meeting with related organizations. The results of the study are drawn as follows. First, through the theoretical consideration, this study drew the types of authenticity: originality, identity, specificity and visibility, which are evaluation items on the Historical and Cultural Authenticity. Second, Bonghwa-Zone succeeded in acquiring originality with tangible cultural properties but Yeongju-Zone chose a project site without it. Third, with originality, Bonghwa-zone was evaluated as having resources and concept with high traditional culture connectivity and fulfilled identity. It led the feature showing the high affinity between originality and identity. Fourth, compared to the projects of Andong-Zone in the Three Major Cultural Areas Projects, these two projects failed to acquire the distinctions since the primary and the secondary influence area and major facilities & programs coincided with those of the projects of Andong-Zone. Fifth, compared to Bonghwa-Zone, Yeongju-Zone realized visibility faithfully by the conceptual flexibility of "Korean Culture" and a large-scale development. Sixth, in terms of the Historical and Cultural Authenticity of project plan, it is evaluated that Yeongju-Zone and Bonghwa-Zone only fulfilled visibility and specificity respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2000

In this study, the hydraulic characteristics variation of flood level caused by tree-planting condition in channel section is evaluated through the examination and analysis of back water characteristics in a natural channel within urban area where the improvement is completed. The study channel is Sinchun runs through the center of Taegu metropolitan city. For the analysis, the comparative examination of runoff characteristics depend on tree- planting condition performed for the flood level of the most upstream point, and velocity of study channel when the project flood flows according to three cases that existing channel is improved to the pro-natural channel, the roughness condition of both riverside highlands is changed, and the composition rate of trees in the riverside highlands is changed. It is known that the variation ranges of the flood level increase remarkably in general, and of the velocity decrease from the result of the examination for the hydraulic characteristics parameters at the most upstream point depend on the tree-planting condition of the channel section when the project flood flows. From the results of the above study on the variation of the hydraulic characteristics according to the tree-planting condition in channel section, it is known that the hydraulic characteristics when the project flood flows in channel have close relationship with the section properties and the slope of channel.