• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.121.1-121.1
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• 2011

일반적으로 알콜계 물질은 가스 하이드레이트 형성에 저해제로 사용된다고 알려져 있으나, 최근의 연구를 통해 2-propanol이 일부 조건에서 촉진효과가 나타난다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 알콜계 물질인 1-propanol과 2-propanol의 가스 하이드레이트 격자내로의 포집여부와 그로 인한 촉진 혹은 저해 작용 그리고 구조적 특성에 대해 알아보았다. $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 기체에 대하여 1-propanol 혹은 2-propanol을 첨가하여 형성된 혼합 하이드레이트의 3상평형 기상(V)-물(Lw)-하이드레이트(H))을 측정하였다. 그 결과 $CO_2$의 경우 1-propanol과 2-propanol이 저해 작용을 함을 확인하였으며 농도가 높을수록 저해작용이 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 반면, $CH_4$의 경우 1-propanol에서는 저해 및 촉진효과가 거의 나타나지 않았지만, 2-propanol에서는 촉진효과가 나타났으며 5.6 mol%에서 촉진효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 혼합 하이드레이트의 구조규명 및 동공 점유 분석을 위해 $^{13}C$ NMR과 XRD분석을 하였으며, 그 결과 2-propanol과 1-propanol을 포함하는 혼합 하이드레이트는 구조 II를 형성하며, 2-propanol과 1-propanol은 큰 동공에 포집되고, 기체는 작은 동공에 포집됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 알콜계 물질을 첨가제로 사용하는 가스 하이드레이트 공정에서 매우 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.145.1-145.1
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 알콜계 물질인 1-propanol과 2-propanol이 가스 하이드레이트 형성과정에서 격자내로 포집됨과 열역학적 촉진제로서 작용함을 알아보기 위해 $CH_4$ (또는 $CO_2$) + 1-propanol (또는 2-propanol) + 물계의 가스 하이드레이트 3상 평형 (하이드레이트(H) - 물(Lw) - 기상(V))을 측정하였으며, $^{13}C$ NMR 분석을 하였다. 1.0, 5.6, 10 mol%의 농도 1-propanol (또는 2-propanol) 용액을 가스 하이드레이트 계에 첨가하여 3상 평형을 측정한 결과, $CH_4$ 하이드레이트의 경우 전반적으로 촉진현상을 보였으며 5.6 mol%에서 가장 큰 촉진효과가 나타났다. 하지만 $CO_2$ 하이드레이트의 경우 순수 $CO_2$ 하이드레이트에 비해 저해효과가 나타났으며 농도가 높아질수록 저해현상은 커짐을 확인할 수 있었다. $^{13}C$ NMR을 통한 동공점유 특성과 하이드레이트 구조 분석 결과 $CH_4$ + 1-propanol (또는 2-propanol)은 구조-II를 형성하며 1-propanol (또는 2-propanol)이 동공에 포집되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 알콜계 물질이 단순히 저해제로만 작용하지 않고 가스 하이드레이트 형성에 참여하는 촉진제로 작용할 수 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.520-529
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• 2017

Viscosity data were measured at 298.15 K and 308.15 K for formamide + 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol mixtures. For an equimolar mixture, deviation in viscosity follows the sequence: 2-methyl-2-propanol >2-methyl-1-propanol>1-butanol>2-propanol>1-propanol. The viscosity data were further analyzed in terms of graph theory. Free energy of activation was also calculated from experimental viscosity data along with previously reported excess volume data. The deviation in viscosity and free energy of activation were fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The viscosity data were also correlated by correlations like Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, HindMcLaughlin-Ubbelohde, and Katti-Chaudhari relation. Various adjustable parameters, $G_{12}$, $T_{12}$, $H_{12}$, and $W_{vis}/RT$, of various correlations were used to predict viscosity deviation of binary mixtures. Positive value of $G_{12}$ indicates strong interaction in the studied systems. Grunberg-Nissan relation has lowest deviation among the four correlations for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol mixtures; and for mixtures of formamide with 1-butanol or 2-methyl-1-propanol, TamuraKurata has lowest deviation. Grunberg-Nissan gives lowest deviation for formamide + 2-methyl-2-propanol mixtures.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.190-197
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• 2016

Flash point is the one of the important properties for the safe handling of inflammable liquid solution. In this paper, flash points of binary liquid solutions, water+1-propanol and water+2-propanol, were been measured by using Seta flash closed cup aparatus. Flash point was estimated using regression analysis method. Flash points were also estimated by the method based on Raoul's law and the method optimizing the binary parameters of van Laar equation. Experimental results were compared with the calculated results. The regression analysis method is able to estimate the flash point fairly well for water+1-propanol and water+2-propanol mixture.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.64-69
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• 2013

The autoignition temperatures (AITs) of solvent mixture was important index for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. This study measured the AITs and ignition delay time for n-propanol and formic acid system by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of n-Propanol and Formic acid which constituted binary system were $435^{\circ}C$ and $498^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental AITs of n-propanol and formic acid system were a good agreement with the calculated AITs by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D. (average absolute deviation). And n- Propanol and formic acid system was shown the minimum autoignition temperature behavior (MAITB).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Flash points for the flammable binary systems, n-propanol+acetic acid and n-propanol+n-propionic acid, were measured by Cleveland open cup tester. The Raoult's law, the van Laar equation and the UNIQUAC equation were used for predicting flash points and were compared with experimentally-derived data. The calculated values based on the van Laar and UNIQUAC equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the UNIQUAC equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the the van Laar equation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2013

The lowest values of the AITs(Autoignition temperatures) in the literature were normally used fire and explosion protection. In this study, the AITs of n-Propanol+n-Octane system were measured from ignition delay time(time lag) by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of n-Propanol and n-Octane which constituted binary systems were $435^{\circ}C$ and $218^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental ignition delay time of n-Propanol+n-Octane system were a good agreement with the calculated ignition delay time by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D.(average absolute deviation).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the 2-propanol+acetic acid and 2-propanol+-n-propionic acid systems were measured by Cleveland open cup apparatus. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law, the Wilson equation and the NRTL(non random two liquids) equation. The calculated values based on the Wilson and NRTL equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model, based on NRTL equation described the experimentally-derived data were more effective than the case of the Wilson equation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1246-1250
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• 2005

We have evaluated the hydroxyl group-solvent specific interactions by using a Lichrosorb RP18 stationary phase and by measuring the retention data of carefully selected solutes in 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10(v/v%) methanol/water eluents at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 ${^{\circ}C}$. The selected solutes are 3 positional isomers of phenylpropanol, that is, 1-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-phenyl-2-propanol, and 3-phenyl-1-propanol. There exist clear discrepancies in ${\Delta}H^o$ (solute transfer enthalpy from the mobile to the stationary phase) and $T{\Delta}S^o$ (solute transfer entropy) among positional isomers. The difference in ${\Delta}H^o$ and $T{\Delta}S^o$ between secondary alcohols (1-phenyl-1-propanol and 1-phenyl-2-propanol)is negligible compared to the difference between the primary alcohol (1-phenyl-3-propanol) and secondary alcohols. The $T{\Delta}S^o$ values of 3-phenyl-1-propanol are close to those of butylbenzene while the $T{\Delta}S^o$ values of secondary alcohols are close to those of propylbenzene. The difference in ${\Delta}{\Delta}H^o$ (specific solute-mobile phase interaction enthalpy) between the primary alcohol and the secondary alcohol decreases with increase of methanol content in the mobile phase. A unique observation is an extremum for 1-phenyl-3-propanol in the plot of $T{\Delta}{\Delta}S^o$ vs. methanol volume %. The positive sign of $T{\Delta}{\Delta}S^o$ of 3-phenyl-1-propanol implies that the entropy of 3-phenyl-1-propanol is greater than that of the hypothetical alkylbenzene (the same size and shape as phenylpropanol) in the mobile phase.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.536-541
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• 2018

Excess molar volumes ($V_m^E$) of binary mixtures of 1-propanol or 2-propanol (1) + cyclohexane or n-hexane (2) were measured with V-shaped dilatometer at 303.15 K. The $V_m^E$ data for these mixtures varied as: 2-propanol > 1-propanol and were higher for cyclohexane than n-hexane for both propanol systems. The experimental data were correlated with Redlich-Kister polynomial. The $V_m^E$ data were interpreted qualitatively as well as quantitatively in terms of Flory-Treszczanowicz-Benson model and Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. Both models correctly described the sign and shape of $V_m^E$ vs $x_1$ curves. The values calculated by both the models agree well with the experimental data.